{"id":12495,"date":"2021-03-25T17:00:41","date_gmt":"2021-03-25T17:00:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/?p=12495"},"modified":"2021-03-25T17:00:41","modified_gmt":"2021-03-25T17:00:41","slug":"vakcina-epivaccorona-ruska-covid-19-na-pandemiu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/vakcina-epivaccorona-ruska-covid-19-na-pandemiu\/","title":{"rendered":"Vakc\u00edna EpiVacCorona, Covid-19, Klinick\u00e9 \u0161t\u00fadie"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nov\u00e1 rusk\u00e1 vakc\u00edna EpiVacCorona, ale vedci uzn\u00e1vaj\u00fa, \u017ee v s\u00favislosti so \u0161t\u00fadiou \u00fa\u010dinnosti Covid-19 vakc\u00edny existuj\u00fa v\u00e1\u017ene obavy. Klinick\u00e9 \u0161t\u00fadie zah\u0155\u0148aj\u00fa najm\u00e4 relat\u00edvne mal\u00fa ve\u013ekos\u0165 vzorky (iba 3 000 dobrovo\u013en\u00edkov 0-kr\u00e1t menej \u013eud\u00ed ako v \u0161t\u00fadi\u00e1ch Sputnik V) a e\u0161te men\u0161iu kontroln\u00fa skupinu. \u201ePodobn\u00e9 vzorky sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa najm\u00e4 v klinick\u00fdch sk\u00fa\u0161kach vakc\u00edn proti sez\u00f3nnym chorob\u00e1m. Ver\u00edme, \u017ee to bude dostato\u010dn\u00e9 na stanovenie epidemiologickej \u00fa\u010dinnosti vakc\u00edny, \u201c uviedla pre Meduzu z\u00e1stupky\u0148a gener\u00e1lnej riadite\u013eky Vector Institute Tatiana Nepomnyashchikh.<\/p>\n

EpiVacCorona<\/h1>\n

Klinick\u00e9 sk\u00fa\u0161ky EpiVacCorona v neskorej f\u00e1ze sa za\u010dali v polovici novembra 2020, ale etika \u0161t\u00fadie, ktor\u00e1 z\u00e1merne nech\u00e1va \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edkov nechr\u00e1nen\u00fdch placebom, sa l\u00ed\u0161i v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti, ke\u010f s\u00fa Rusom k dispoz\u00edcii osved\u010den\u00e9 alternat\u00edvne vakc\u00edny. Vektorov\u00fd in\u0161tit\u00fat nezmenil dizajn experimentu, av\u0161ak odmietol prejs\u0165 na dizajn \u201ezaslepen\u00e9ho v\u00fdhybky\u201c, v ktorom by sa v\u0161etci \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edci vr\u00e1tili po \u010fal\u0161ie dva v\u00fdstrely (pre skupinu s placebom a so\u013en\u00fd roztok pre skupinu s vakc\u00ednou). <\/p>\n

Pichn\u00fa do v\u00e1s rusk\u00fd \u010dip<\/h2>\n

\"Pichn\u00fa<\/p>\n

\"Rusk\u00fd
\nVedci tie\u017e mohli za\u010da\u0165 pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 namiesto placeba jednu z \u010fal\u0161\u00edch rusk\u00fdch vakc\u00edn. Nepomnyashchikh tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee ak\u00e9ko\u013evek zmeny v klinick\u00fdch sk\u00fa\u0161kach si vy\u017eaduj\u00fa s\u00fahlas vl\u00e1dy a regula\u010dn\u00e9 org\u00e1ny v oblasti zdravia u\u017e kompromitovali t\u00fdm, \u017ee umo\u017enili v\u00fdskumn\u00edkom zmen\u0161i\u0165 ve\u013ekos\u0165 kontrolnej skupiny pokusov z 50 na 25 percent.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdsledky \u0161t\u00fadie m\u00f4\u017ee skresli\u0165 aj celon\u00e1rodn\u00fd pokles infekci\u00ed koronav\u00edrusmi. V\u00fdskum st\u00e1le pokra\u010duje, ale tieto podmienky riskuj\u00fa zistenia, ktor\u00e9 v skuto\u010dnosti nestanovuj\u00fa \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165 EpiVacCorony proti COVID-19. Medzit\u00fdm je vakc\u00edna registrovan\u00e1 u vl\u00e1dy a je k dispoz\u00edcii na pou\u017eitie mimo \u0161t\u00fadie \u00fa\u010dinnosti.<\/p>\n

Covid-19 a tvorba imunity<\/h1>\n

Vakc\u00edna EpiVacCorona je \u201epeptidov\u00e1 vakc\u00edna\u201c, ktor\u00e1 sa sklad\u00e1 z umelo syntetizovan\u00fdch kr\u00e1tkych fragmentov v\u00edrusov\u00fdch prote\u00ednov (peptidov), prostredn\u00edctvom ktor\u00fdch sa imunitn\u00fd syst\u00e9m u\u010d\u00ed a n\u00e1sledne rozpozn\u00e1va a neutralizuje v\u00edrus. Tento liek bol navrhnut\u00fd na vytvorenie \u201etroch obrann\u00fdch l\u00edni\u00ed\u201c u pacientov proti koronav\u00edrusu, uviedol pre Meduza v\u00fdvoj\u00e1r EpiVacCorona Alexander Ryzhikov.<\/p>\n

Za pou\u017eitia peptidov najsk\u00f4r blokuje dom\u00e9nu via\u017eucu dom\u00e9nu prote\u00ednu spike 1 (S1-RBD). Po druh\u00e9, blokuje f\u00faziu v\u00edrusov\u00e9ho obalu a bunkovej membr\u00e1ny a br\u00e1ni prieniku v\u00edrusov\u00e9ho gen\u00f3mu do bunky. Nakoniec, ak tieto opatrenia zlyhaj\u00fa a bunka sa st\u00e1le infikuje, protil\u00e1tky sa zdokonalia a zni\u010dia po\u0161koden\u00e9 bunky pomocou procesu zn\u00e1meho ako bunkov\u00e1 cytotoxicita z\u00e1visl\u00e1 od protil\u00e1tky.<\/p>\n

Pri vytv\u00e1ran\u00ed EpiVacCorona sa vedci zamerali na najkonzervat\u00edvnej\u0161ie \u010dasti gen\u00f3mu koronav\u00edrusu (\u010dasti v\u00edrusu, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa menej n\u00e1chyln\u00e9 na r\u00fdchle zmeny), \u010do teoreticky zni\u017euje nebezpe\u010denstvo, ktor\u00e9 predstavuj\u00fa nov\u00e9 varianty v\u00edrusu. Tento pr\u00edstup v\u0161ak nesie svoje vlastn\u00e9 rizik\u00e1, konkr\u00e9tne to, \u017ee protil\u00e1tky z\u00edskan\u00e9 z vakc\u00edny bud\u00fa proti koronav\u00edrusu ne\u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9, preto\u017ee nie ka\u017ed\u00e1 \u010das\u0165 prote\u00ednu S je imunologicky d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e1.<\/p>\n

EpiVacCorona pou\u017e\u00edva ako antig\u00e9ny peptidy a nukleokapsidov\u00fd (N) prote\u00edn koronav\u00edrusu na spustenie imunitnej odpovede, aj ke\u010f nov\u00fd v\u00fdskum ukazuje, \u017ee pacienti s protil\u00e1tkami proti N prote\u00ednu a nie proti S1-RBD nevykazuj\u00fa protil\u00e1tky neutralizuj\u00face v\u00edrus. In\u00fdmi slovami, pr\u00edtomnos\u0165 protil\u00e1tok proti samotn\u00e9mu N prote\u00ednu nemus\u00ed zvy\u0161ova\u0165 imunitu proti reinfekcii.<\/p>\n

“Mus\u00edte pochopi\u0165, ako peptidov\u00e1 funguje,” hovor\u00ed Tatiana Nepomnyashchikh. \u201eVytv\u00e1ra imunitu nen\u00e1padne a elegantne, sp\u00f4sobuje produkciu protil\u00e1tok doslova s \u200b\u200bpresnou presnos\u0165ou pre najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161ie oblasti S prote\u00ednu koronav\u00edrusu, bez toho, aby sp\u00f4sobovala produkciu protil\u00e1tok, ktor\u00e9 nie s\u00fa zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 potrebn\u00e9 na ochranu tela. […] Mala by existova\u0165 vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00e1 imunita a protil\u00e1tky by mali by\u0165 predov\u0161etk\u00fdm ochrann\u00e9. Na\u0161a vakc\u00edna vytv\u00e1ra ochrann\u00e9 protil\u00e1tky. \u201c<\/p>\n

Vedci testovali \u00fa\u010dinok EpiVacCorony na produkciu protil\u00e1tok imuniz\u00e1ciou zvierat a ich n\u00e1slednou infekciou koronav\u00edrusom. V\u00fdsledky t\u00fdchto experimentov boli uspokojiv\u00e9, tvrdia v\u00fdvoj\u00e1ri vakc\u00edny, hoci niektor\u00ed pozorovatelia tieto z\u00e1very spochyb\u0148uj\u00fa. Rovnak\u00e9 experimenty s\u00fa u \u013eud\u00ed zak\u00e1zan\u00e9, preto vedci namiesto toho meraj\u00fa u pacientov pr\u00edtomnos\u0165 neutralizuj\u00facich protil\u00e1tok. <\/p>\n

Tvorcovia EpiVacCorona tvrdia, \u017ee klinick\u00ed dobrovo\u013en\u00edci nevykazuj\u00fa o ni\u010d menej neutralizuj\u00face protil\u00e1tky ako pacienti, ktor\u00ed sa zotavili z COVID-19.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\n

Nepomnyashchikh ani nepomyslel \ud83d\ude42<\/p>\n

\n

Absencia zverejnen\u00fdch \u00fadajov, ako je pre Rusko be\u017en\u00e9!<\/p>\n

Potom sa s\u0165a\u017euj\u00fa ako na lamp\u00e1rni!\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Zatia\u013e v\u0161ak vedci nezverejnili nijak\u00e9 potvrdzuj\u00face \u00fadaje pre verejnos\u0165 – ani v patentoch podan\u00fdch pre vakc\u00ednu, ani v in\u00fdch zdrojoch. Navy\u0161e ich tvrdenia o \u00fa\u010dinnosti EpiVacCorony s\u00fa v rozpore so zisteniami nez\u00e1visl\u00e9ho laborat\u00f3ria, ktor\u00e9 analyzovalo vzorky krvi od dobrovo\u013en\u00edkov v klinick\u00fdch sk\u00fa\u0161kach a nena\u0161lo \u017eiadne neutralizuj\u00face protil\u00e1tky. Tatiana Nepomnyashchikh povedal Meduza \u017ee EpiVacCorona dizajn ako peptidov\u00e9 vakc\u00edny je unik\u00e1tny a vy\u017eaduje \u0161peci\u00e1lne testy pre kontrolu na koronavirov\u00fdch protil\u00e1tok. <\/p>\n

V\u00fdvoj\u00e1ri tvrdia, \u017ee v podrobnom recenzovanom vedeckom \u010dasopise bude publikovan\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nok s podrobnos\u0165ami o ich zisteniach. Aby sa zabr\u00e1nilo ovplyvneniu rozhodnutia \u010dasopisu zverejni\u0165 v\u00fdskum, tvorcovia vakc\u00edny nehovoria, kde sa text objav\u00ed. Vektorov\u00fd in\u0161tit\u00fat odmietol zverejni\u0165 ak\u00fdko\u013evek nepresk\u00faman\u00fd \u201epredtla\u010dov\u00fd\u201c v\u00fdskum (hoci napr\u00edklad spolo\u010dnos\u0165 Pfizer pokra\u010dovala a zverejnila svoje predtla\u010dov\u00e9 \u00fadaje o \u00fa\u010dinnosti svojej vakc\u00edny proti nov\u00fdm variantom koronav\u00edrusu s odvolan\u00edm sa na naliehav\u00fa potrebu verejnosti t\u00fdchto inform\u00e1ci\u00ed). <\/p>\n

Rusk\u00e9 ministerstvo zdravotn\u00edctva tie\u017e ignoruje pr\u00e1vne po\u017eiadavky, ktor\u00e9 n\u00fatia v\u00fdvoj\u00e1rov liekov \u010dakaj\u00facich na registr\u00e1ciu, aby zverejnili v\u00fdsledky pokusov predlo\u017een\u00fdch na kontrolu regula\u010dn\u00fdmi org\u00e1nmi.<\/p>\n

Je pravda, \u017ee v\u0161etky rusk\u00e9 vakc\u00edny proti koronav\u00edrusom s\u00fa \u201eabsol\u00fatne\u201c \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9, spo\u013eahliv\u00e9 a bezpe\u010dn\u00e9?<\/p>\n

Nie. Pokia\u013e sa, samozrejme, Dmitrijovi Pe\u0161kovovi nepodarilo nahliadnu\u0165 do bud\u00facnosti.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

V\u0161etky tri rusk\u00e9 vakc\u00edny Sputnik V (p\u00f4vodne registrovan\u00e9 ako Gam-COVID-Vac), EpiVacCorona a CoviVac, skuto\u010dne zaregistrovalo rusk\u00e9 ministerstvo zdravotn\u00edctva. Ale toto sa stalo pred, nie po \u0161t\u00fadi\u00e1ch \u00fa\u010dinnosti a bezpe\u010dnosti.<\/strong><\/p>\n

V s\u00fa\u010dasnosti neexistuj\u00fa \u017eiadne \u00fadaje o \u00fa\u010dinnosti dvoch z t\u00fdchto vakc\u00edn. \u0160t\u00fadia \u00fa\u010dinnosti spolo\u010dnosti EpiVacCorona st\u00e1le prebieha , zatia\u013e v\u0161ak od v\u00fdvoj\u00e1rov neexistuj\u00fa ani vyhl\u00e1senia o v\u00fdsledkoch. A Chumakovovo centrum v\u00f4bec neza\u010dalo sk\u00fama\u0165 \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165 vakc\u00edny CoviVac. <\/p>\n

Pokia\u013e ide o bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 t\u00fdchto dvoch vakc\u00edn, zd\u00e1 sa, \u017ee v\u00fdvoj\u00e1ri maj\u00fa nejak\u00e9 predbe\u017en\u00e9 \u00fadaje z\u00edskan\u00e9 od ve\u013emi mal\u00fdch skup\u00edn dobrovo\u013en\u00edkov. Ale ani tieto v\u00fdsledky e\u0161te musia by\u0165 publikovan\u00e9 vo vedeck\u00fdch \u010dasopisoch.<\/p>\n

Zatia\u013e s\u00fa zverejnen\u00e9 iba \u00fadaje o \u00fa\u010dinnosti a bezpe\u010dnosti pre Sputnik V.<\/p>\n

Navy\u0161e to, \u010do Peskov myslel pod pojmom \u201espo\u013eahlivos\u0165\u201c, zost\u00e1va nejasn\u00e9 – mo\u017eno hovoril o trvan\u00ed imunity proti o\u010dkovaniu, ale nevieme to naisto. Cez po\u010detn\u00e9 v\u00fdpisov z Alexander Gintsburg (riadite\u013e Gamaleya Research Institute, ktor\u00fd sa vyv\u00edjal Sputnik V) a \u010fal\u0161\u00edmi v\u00fdvoj\u00e1ri o\u010dkovac\u00edch l\u00e1tok, doba trvania imunity odvoden\u00e1 z anti-koronavirov\u00fdch vakc\u00edn mus\u00ed by\u0165 e\u0161te stanoven\u00e1. Vr\u00e1tane Sputniku V. <\/p>\n

\"Sputnik<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nov\u00e1 rusk\u00e1 vakc\u00edna EpiVacCorona, ale vedci uzn\u00e1vaj\u00fa, \u017ee v s\u00favislosti so \u0161t\u00fadiou \u00fa\u010dinnosti Covid-19 vakc\u00edny existuj\u00fa v\u00e1\u017ene obavy. Klinick\u00e9 \u0161t\u00fadie zah\u0155\u0148aj\u00fa najm\u00e4 relat\u00edvne mal\u00fa ve\u013ekos\u0165 vzorky (iba 3 000 dobrovo\u013en\u00edkov 0-kr\u00e1t menej \u013eud\u00ed ako v \u0161t\u00fadi\u00e1ch Sputnik V) a e\u0161te men\u0161iu kontroln\u00fa skupinu. \u201ePodobn\u00e9 vzorky sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa najm\u00e4 v klinick\u00fdch sk\u00fa\u0161kach vakc\u00edn proti sez\u00f3nnym chorob\u00e1m. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12495","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-meduza"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12495","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12495"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12495\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12495"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12495"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12495"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}