{"id":15202,"date":"2021-07-18T08:50:43","date_gmt":"2021-07-18T08:50:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/?p=15202"},"modified":"2021-07-18T08:50:43","modified_gmt":"2021-07-18T08:50:43","slug":"preco-sa-nove-varianty-siria-lahsie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/preco-sa-nove-varianty-siria-lahsie\/","title":{"rendered":"Nov\u00e9 mut\u00e1cie \u0161\u00edria SARS-CoV-2 r\u00fdchlej\u0161ie, V\u00edrus Covid-19"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nov\u00e9 mut\u00e1cie \u0161\u00edria SARS-CoV-2 r\u00fdchlej\u0161ie a umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa nov\u00fdm form\u00e1m v\u00edrusu lep\u0161iu viazanos\u0165 na \u013eudsk\u00e9 bunky. V\u00edrusy ako v\u0161etky organizmy maj\u00fa \u017eivotn\u00e9 cykly. S\u00fa parazitick\u00e9, za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00fa sa t\u00fdm, ke\u010f p\u00f4vodn\u00fd v\u00edrus infikuje in\u00e9ho tvora a unesie jeho bunky, aby vytvoril svoje k\u00f3pie. Pre\u010do sa nov\u0161ie varianty \u0161\u00edria \u013eah\u0161ie?<\/p>\n

Nov\u00e9 mut\u00e1cie Covid-19 sa \u0161\u00edria r\u00fdchlej\u0161ie, Antiwaxeri a ich tot\u00e1lne hl\u00faposti<\/h1>\n

V pr\u00edpade SARS-CoV-2, v\u00edrusu, ktor\u00fd sp\u00f4sobuje pand\u00e9miu, k tomu d\u00f4jde, ke\u010f sa zachyt\u00ed na enz\u00fdme naz\u00fdvanom ACE2 na membr\u00e1ne niektor\u00fdch \u013eudsk\u00fdch buniek a vk\u013azne do bunky jeho gen\u00f3m. Tejto bunkovej inv\u00e1zii pom\u00e1ha prote\u00edn, ktor\u00fd studuje povrch v\u00edrusu a je zn\u00e1my ako hrot. Zmeny hrotu sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 genetick\u00fdmi zmenami sp\u00f4soben\u00fdmi mut\u00e1ciou ovplyv\u0148uj\u00fa celkov\u00e9 vlastnosti v\u00edrusu, najm\u00e4 jeho schopnos\u0165 \u0161\u00edri\u0165 sa popul\u00e1ciami.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1kladn\u00e1 my\u0161lienka antiwaxerov je, aby civiliz\u00e1ciu nakazili \u010do najsk\u00f4r<\/h1>\n

Ako sme u\u017e viackr\u00e1t p\u00edsali, Covid-19 a antiwaxerov vymysleli t\u00ed ist\u00ed \u013eudia<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Premenliv\u00e1 povaha v\u00edrusov m\u00e1 p\u00f4vod v n\u00e1hodnosti, ktor\u00e1 je inherentn\u00e1 procesu vytv\u00e1rania k\u00f3pi\u00ed \u013eubovo\u013en\u00fdch objektov, \u010do rob\u00ed chyby nevyhnutn\u00fdmi. Ke\u010f hostite\u013esk\u00e9 bunky chrlia k\u00f3pie SARS-CoV-2, vyskytuj\u00fa sa chyby, ktor\u00e9 sa naz\u00fdvaj\u00fa mut\u00e1cie. Drviv\u00e1 v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina v\u00edrusov nepre\u017eije chyby v replik\u00e1cii. Niektor\u00ed v\u0161ak \u00e1no, a dokonca sa im m\u00f4\u017ee dari\u0165 v d\u00f4sledku zmien, ke\u010f prekonaj\u00fa v\u00edrusy predkov a roz\u0161\u00edria efekt\u00edvnej\u0161ie cez svoju hostite\u013esk\u00fa popul\u00e1ciu. <\/p>\n

\"Nov\u00e9<\/p>\n

Existuj\u00fa niektor\u00e9 \u010dasti \u0161trukt\u00fary v\u00edrusu, ktor\u00e9 lep\u0161ie odol\u00e1vaj\u00fa mut\u00e1ci\u00e1m: bielkovina s hrotmi je najtolerantnej\u0161ia vo\u010di zmen\u00e1m. Mutovan\u00e9 v\u00edrusy, ktor\u00e9 pre\u017eij\u00fa a prosperuj\u00fa, sa naz\u00fdvaj\u00fa varianty. Tieto sa za\u010dali seri\u00f3zne objavova\u0165 od SARS-CoV-2 v novembri 2020, ke\u010f variant Alfa a jeho n\u00e1sledn\u00e1 detekcia objavili v Kente na juhov\u00fdchode Anglicka. Nov\u00e9 varianty musia ma\u0165 oproti star\u00fdm ur\u010dit\u00e9 v\u00fdhody, ak sa maj\u00fa sta\u0165 dominantnou formou v\u00edrusu. <\/p>\n

\nT\u00fato v\u00fdhodu je mo\u017en\u00e9 z\u00edska\u0165 r\u00f4znymi sp\u00f4sobmi, ale pri ochoreniach d\u00fdchac\u00edch ciest, ako je covid-19, je jedn\u00fdm z najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00edch faktorov prenosnos\u0165, ako \u013eahko v\u00edrus prech\u00e1dza z jednej osoby na druh\u00fa.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\n

Slovensk\u00ed neonacistick\u00ed antiwaxeri debiln\u00fdch Kotleb\u00e1kov a Uhor\u010d\u00edkov neskon\u010dili ani ZD\u015a, nie to e\u0161te lek\u00e1rsk\u00fa fakultu. Dovtedy chod\u00ed kr\u010dah pre vodu k\u00fdm sa nerozbije \ud83d\ude42 … a neonacisti s\u00fa u\u017e pred referendov\u00fdmi vo\u013ebami rozbit\u00ed na kusy ako Vin\u010dansk\u00e1 keramika.<\/p>\n

\"Socha<\/p>\n

T\u00fato sochu Molocha vytiahol Vatik\u00e1n pred za\u010diatkom Covid-19, Socha starod\u00e1vneho boha detskej obete vystaven\u00e1 v R\u00edme bola postaven\u00e1 sedem dn\u00ed pred udalos\u0165ou vo Vatik\u00e1nskych z\u00e1hrad\u00e1ch, kde bola uctievan\u00e1 pohansk\u00e1 bohy\u0148a Pachamama. The large-scale exhibition, titled Carthago: The immortal myth, runs until March 29, 2020. REPETE- kde bola uctievan\u00e1 pohansk\u00e1 bohy\u0148a Pachamama<\/strong> \ud83d\ude42 Pachamama alebo Mama Pacha (“Matka Zem”) Inkovia.<\/p>\n

\n

Jedna z prv\u00fdch mut\u00e1ci\u00ed na zv\u00fd\u0161enie prenosnosti bola ozna\u010den\u00e1 ako N501Y, niekedy zn\u00e1ma ako \u201eNelly\u201c, jedna z \u00f4smich mut\u00e1ci\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 charakterizovali \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00fd prote\u00edn variantu Alpha. Technick\u00fd n\u00e1zov mut\u00e1ci\u00ed je pomerne jednoduch\u00fd, ak pochop\u00edte, \u017ee sa jedn\u00e1 o zmeny v gen\u00f3me v\u00edrusu, a to o \u0161trukt\u00faru aminokyseliny, ktor\u00fa k\u00f3duje. \u201e501\u201c znamen\u00e1, \u017ee zmena nast\u00e1va na 501. aminokyseline v re\u0165azci 1 273, ktor\u00fd obsahuje hrot. <\/p>\n

Poradie a zlo\u017eenie t\u00fdchto aminokysel\u00edn je diktovan\u00e9 zodpovedaj\u00facou sekvenciou gen\u00f3mu, tak\u017ee \u201e501\u201c ozna\u010duje ako polohu na gen\u00f3me, tak aj poz\u00edciu na aminokyselinovom re\u0165azci. \u201eN\u201c je skratka pre asparag\u00edn, ktor\u00fd je v N501Y vymenen\u00fd za \u201eY\u201c, \u010do je tyroz\u00edn. Preto\u017ee r\u00f4zne aminokyseliny maj\u00fa mierne odli\u0161n\u00e9 chemick\u00e9 vlastnosti, m\u00e1 t\u00e1to z\u00e1mena vplyv na \u0161trukt\u00faru prote\u00ednu s hrotmi. Vo v\u00fdsledku zmen\u00ed sp\u00f4sob distrib\u00facie elektrick\u00e9ho n\u00e1boja v \u0148om. To mierne men\u00ed tvar prote\u00ednu, preto\u017ee oblasti pozit\u00edvneho elektrick\u00e9ho n\u00e1boja pri\u0165ahuj\u00fa oblasti negat\u00edvneho n\u00e1boja. <\/p>\n

V\u010faka tejto dynamike umo\u017e\u0148uje N501Y rozhoduj\u00facej \u010dasti hrotu kr\u00fati\u0165 sa pribli\u017ene o 20 stup\u0148ov, \u010do mu umo\u017e\u0148uje lep\u0161ie prilieha\u0165 k receptoru ACE2. D\u00f4sledkom toho je lep\u0161ia v\u00e4zba, \u010do znamen\u00e1, \u017ee ak\u00e1ko\u013evek k\u00f3pia variantu, ktor\u00e1 sa dostane do tela, si sk\u00f4r n\u00e1jde svoj cie\u013e a za\u010dne sa replikova\u0165. To zvy\u0161uje prenosnos\u0165. Podobn\u00e9 mut\u00e1cie vykon\u00e1vaj\u00fa aj \u010fal\u0161ie mut\u00e1cie, ktor\u00e9 r\u00f4znymi sp\u00f4sobmi uvo\u013e\u0148uj\u00fa r\u00f4zne \u010dasti hrotu, aby mohol efekt\u00edvnej\u0161ie viaza\u0165 na ACE2.<\/p>\n

Zmeny tvaru hrotu nie s\u00fa jedin\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom, ako zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 prenosnos\u0165. Variant Delta, ktor\u00fd bol prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t zisten\u00fd v Indii a ktor\u00fd sa v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti \u0161\u00edri po celom svete, sa jav\u00ed by\u0165 e\u0161te viac prenosn\u00fd ako alfa a ostatn\u00e9 varianty. Nie je to celkom jasn\u00e9, preto\u017ee podrobn\u00e9 \u0161truktur\u00e1lne \u0161t\u00fadie hrotu Delty e\u0161te nie s\u00fa dokon\u010den\u00e9. Ale Ravindra Gupta, molekul\u00e1rny virol\u00f3g na Cambridgeskej univerzite a jeho kolegovia tvrdia, \u017ee zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 transmisivita Delta je sp\u00f4soben\u00e1 \u010diasto\u010dne mut\u00e1ciou v mieste 681. <\/p>\n

Toto je bod na hrote, kde sa po naviazan\u00ed na ACE2 prote\u00edn je roz\u0161tep na dve \u010dasti. Dr Gupta hovor\u00ed, \u017ee P681R, ktor\u00e9mu pom\u00e1haj\u00fa dve modifikuj\u00face tvar inde, u\u013eah\u010duje delenie prote\u00ednu a t\u00fdm p\u00e1dom aj jeho vstup do buniek. Jeho pr\u00edtomnos\u0165 tie\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee akon\u00e1hle bunka za\u010dne produkova\u0165 \u010dastice, m\u00f4\u017eu sa ich hrotov\u00e9 prote\u00edny dosta\u0165 na povrch bunky vopred rozrezan\u00fd. To m\u00f4\u017ee vies\u0165 k v\u00edrusov\u00fdm \u010dasticiam, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa odrezan\u00e9 z \u010dast\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 protil\u00e1tky rozpozn\u00e1vaj\u00fa, a s\u00fa pripraven\u00e9 na f\u00faziu s ktorouko\u013evek bl\u00edzkou bunkou. M\u00f4\u017ee tie\u017e povzbudi\u0165 infikovan\u00e9 bunky, aby zhlukovali s ostatn\u00fdmi.<\/p>\n

Existuj\u00fa aj \u010fal\u0161ie teoretick\u00e9 mutanty, v\u010faka ktor\u00fdm je v\u00edrus prenosnej\u0161\u00ed a ku ktor\u00e9mu e\u0161te nepri\u0161iel (nemus\u00ed to tak nikdy by\u0165, preto\u017ee m\u00f4\u017eu predstavova\u0165 deform\u00e1cie \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00e9ho prote\u00ednu, ktor\u00e9 nie s\u00fa fyzicky mo\u017en\u00e9). <\/p>\n

Delta v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti preber\u00e1 z in\u00fdch variantov po celom svete svoje mut\u00e1cie, v\u010faka ktor\u00fdm ich m\u00f4\u017ee prekona\u0165 v evolu\u010dnom prostred\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 jej prezentuj\u00fa \u013eudsk\u00e9 tel\u00e1. Aby in\u00e1 varianta prekonala Delta, bude potrebova\u0165 nov\u00e9 triky. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nov\u00e9 mut\u00e1cie \u0161\u00edria SARS-CoV-2 r\u00fdchlej\u0161ie a umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa nov\u00fdm form\u00e1m v\u00edrusu lep\u0161iu viazanos\u0165 na \u013eudsk\u00e9 bunky. V\u00edrusy ako v\u0161etky organizmy maj\u00fa \u017eivotn\u00e9 cykly. S\u00fa parazitick\u00e9, za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00fa sa t\u00fdm, ke\u010f p\u00f4vodn\u00fd v\u00edrus infikuje in\u00e9ho tvora a unesie jeho bunky, aby vytvoril svoje k\u00f3pie. Pre\u010do sa nov\u0161ie varianty \u0161\u00edria \u013eah\u0161ie? Nov\u00e9 mut\u00e1cie Covid-19 sa \u0161\u00edria r\u00fdchlej\u0161ie, Antiwaxeri a […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-15202","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-biohazard"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15202","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15202"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15202\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15202"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15202"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15202"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}