{"id":22166,"date":"2022-01-20T12:05:30","date_gmt":"2022-01-20T12:05:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/?p=22166"},"modified":"2022-01-20T12:05:30","modified_gmt":"2022-01-20T12:05:30","slug":"infekcie-odolne-proti-lieku-serratia-marcescens","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/infekcie-odolne-proti-lieku-serratia-marcescens\/","title":{"rendered":"Infekcie odoln\u00e9 vo\u010di antibiotik\u00e1m, Serratia marcescens, Kurt Blome, Eucharistia"},"content":{"rendered":"

N\u00e1kazy odoln\u00e9 vo\u010di lieku a bakt\u00e9ria Kurta Blomeho, Serratia marcescens. O tejto \u010dervenej bakt\u00e9rii vedeli najviac \u017eidia u\u017e v stredoveku, ako ju kres\u0165ania prid\u00e1vaj\u00fa do chleba z ktor\u00e9ho vyr\u00e1baj\u00fa hostiu pre sv\u00e4t\u00e9 prij\u00edmanie. \u017didia sa rad\u0161ej nechali za\u017eiva up\u00e1li\u0165 ako otr\u00e1vi\u0165, ako konvertova\u0165 na kres\u0165anstvo a museli by \u00eds\u0165 na prv\u00e9 sv\u00e4t\u00e9 prij\u00edmanie. Otr\u00e1vili by ich. To s\u00fa tie krvav\u00e9 stigmy \u0161ialenej Eucharistie, Krv Kristova \u2013 Hemoragick\u00e1 hor\u00fa\u010dka! O tomto m\u00e1me tu viacej \u010dl\u00e1nkov<\/a>!<\/p>\n

Tento Nazi Kurt Blome, bol tak\u00fd d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fd, \u017ee ho nechali v k\u013eude do\u017ei\u0165 do d\u00f4chodku. Zomrel 10. okt\u00f3bra 1969. Jednoducho nap\u00edsan\u00e9, s touto bakt\u00e9riu zabijete aj cel\u00fd svet, preto Blomeho a jeho pokusy s Serratia marcescens potrebovali. In\u00fdmi slovami, Trvalo udr\u017eate\u013en\u00fd v\u00fdvoj popul\u00e1cie na Zemi \ud83d\ude42
\nAsi nie nadarmo akur\u00e1t teraz janu\u00e1r 2022, publikuj\u00fa economist \u010dl\u00e1nok, infekcie a Serratia marcescens!!<\/p>\n

Infekcie ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa odoln\u00e9 antibiotik\u00e1m v Pakistane, bakt\u00e9ria Serratia marcescens<\/h1>\n

Rok 2022: To, \u010do sa vid\u00ed vo svojom laborat\u00f3riu v Kar\u00e1\u010d\u00ed, najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161om pakistanskom meste, je alarmuj\u00face. Plo\u0161tice sp\u00f4sobuj\u00face ochorenie \u2013 Serratia marcescens \u2013 s\u00fa odoln\u00e9 proti v\u0161etk\u00fdm dostupn\u00fdm antibiotik\u00e1m<\/em>. Medzit\u00fdm sa Jobayer Chisti v nemocnici v Dh\u00e1ke, hlavnom meste Banglad\u00e9\u0161a, sna\u017e\u00ed zachr\u00e1ni\u0165 mesa\u010dn\u00e9 die\u0165a pred z\u00e1palom p\u013e\u00fac sp\u00f4soben\u00fdm klebsiellou, ktor\u00e1 je odoln\u00e1 proti iekom. T\u00e1to chyba by bola pozoruhodn\u00e1 v Brit\u00e1nii alebo Amerike, kde je v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina pr\u00edpadov bakteri\u00e1lnej pneum\u00f3nie \u013eahko vylie\u010dite\u013en\u00e1 antibiotikami. Ale 77% infekci\u00ed lie\u010den\u00fdch t\u00edmom Dr. Chisti v rokoch 2014 a\u017e 2017 zah\u0155\u0148alo bakt\u00e9rie sa odolnos\u0165ou proti antibiotik\u00e1m.<\/p>\n

N\u00e1kazy odol\u00e1vaj\u00face antimikrobi\u00e1lnym l\u00e1tkam s\u00fa teraz hlavnou pr\u00ed\u010dinou \u00famrt\u00ed na celom svete, pod\u013ea spr\u00e1vy, ktor\u00fa zverejnil lek\u00e1rsky \u010dasopis Lancet 20. janu\u00e1ra. V roku 2019 takmer 1,3 mili\u00f3na \u00famrt\u00ed priamo vyplynulo z chor\u00f4b sp\u00f4soben\u00fdch plo\u0161ticami odoln\u00fdmi liekom. Z\u010faleka najvy\u0161\u0161ie m\u00fdto bolo v subsaharskej Afrike, kde 24 \u00famrt\u00ed na 100 000 bolo v\u00fdsledkom antimikrobi\u00e1lnej rezistencie a v ju\u017enej \u00c1zii, kde to bolo 22 \u00famrt\u00ed na 100 000.<\/p>\n

Ke\u010f sa antibiotik\u00e1, ktor\u00e9 zab\u00edjaj\u00fa bakt\u00e9rie, a \u010fal\u0161ie nov\u00e9 antimikrobi\u00e1lne lieky vr\u00e1tane antimykot\u00edk stali v 40. rokoch 20. storo\u010dia \u0161iroko dostupn\u00e9 v bohat\u00fdch krajin\u00e1ch, sp\u00f4sobili revol\u00faciu v medic\u00edne. Drogy na ni\u010denie mikr\u00f3bov tie\u017e podporili priemyseln\u00e9 po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstvo v druhej polovici 20. storo\u010dia. Antibiotik\u00e1 nielen\u017ee chr\u00e1nia pred chorobami, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa na farm\u00e1ch roz\u0161\u00edren\u00e9; pom\u00e1haj\u00fa aj pri v\u00fdkrme dobytka.<\/p>\n

V roku 2018 1,8 miliardy \u013eud\u00ed v ju\u017enej \u00c1zii u\u017e\u00edvalo \u0161tvrtinu svetov\u00fdch antibiot\u00edk, pod\u013ea \u00fadajov zverejnen\u00fdch minul\u00fd rok v \u010dasopise Lancet . (Pre porovnanie, subsaharsk\u00e1 Afrika, kde ich \u017eije pribli\u017ene 1,1 miliardy, skonzumovala nie\u010do vy\u0161e 10 %.) India je najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edm svetov\u00fdm \u017er\u00fatom antibiot\u00edk pre \u013eud\u00ed. Ich v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ia dostupnos\u0165 zachr\u00e1nila \u017eivoty, hovor\u00ed Direk Limmathurotsakul z Mahidol University v Thajsku. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 v\u0161ak vytvorila dokonal\u00e9 podmienky pre prosperitu odolnosti. \u010c\u00edm viac s\u00fa mikr\u00f3by napadnut\u00e9 antimikrobi\u00e1lnymi l\u00e1tkami, t\u00fdm viac sa prv\u00e9 mikr\u00f3by vyv\u00edjaj\u00fa, aby sa stali odoln\u00fdmi proti t\u00fdm druh\u00fdm. Nadmern\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvanie antimikrobi\u00e1lnych l\u00e1tok vytv\u00e1ra super chyby, ktor\u00e9 tieto lieky nedok\u00e1\u017eu lie\u010di\u0165.<\/p>\n

Vo v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ine ju\u017enej \u00c1zie sa antibiotik\u00e1 daj\u00fa \u013eahko z\u00edska\u0165. Daj\u00fa sa k\u00fapi\u0165 v lek\u00e1rni alebo dokonca na trhu bez lek\u00e1rskeho predpisu. Ako regi\u00f3n prosperuje, viac \u013eud\u00ed si ich m\u00f4\u017ee dovoli\u0165. A samotn\u00e9 lieky s\u00fa st\u00e1le lacnej\u0161ie. Prosperuj\u00faci farmaceutick\u00fd priemysel v Indii chrl\u00ed kami\u00f3ny lacn\u00fdch gener\u00edk. Kurz antibiot\u00edk m\u00f4\u017ee st\u00e1\u0165 len 50 rupi\u00ed (0,67 USD), hovor\u00ed Kamini Walia z Indian Council of Medical Research, vl\u00e1dnej agent\u00fary. Mnoh\u00ed lek\u00e1ri ich predpisuj\u00fa nadmerne, trucuje doktor Chisti. Niektor\u00ed s\u00fa lajd\u00e1ck\u00ed, preto\u017ee im ch\u00fdba \u0161kolenie alebo nadh\u013ead. In\u00ed d\u00e1vaj\u00fa pacientom to, \u010do chc\u00fa, preto\u017ee s\u00fa platiacimi z\u00e1kazn\u00edkmi.<\/p>\n

Nie je to len rast\u00faca prosperita, ktor\u00e1 vedie k nadmern\u00e9mu u\u017e\u00edvaniu antibiot\u00edk. Chudoba m\u00f4\u017ee tie\u017e. Antibiotik\u00e1 sa niekedy pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa na kompenz\u00e1ciu zlej hygieny a zdravotnej starostlivosti, hovor\u00ed Ramanan Laxminarayan z Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy, v\u00fdskumn\u00e9ho \u00fastavu s kancel\u00e1riou v Dill\u00ed. \u013dudia, ktor\u00ed pij\u00fa \u0161pinav\u00fa vodu, ochorej\u00fa a reflex\u00edvne si daj\u00fa tabletku, \u010do je lacnej\u0161ie ako n\u00e1v\u0161teva lek\u00e1ra.<\/p>\n

Mizern\u00e1 infra\u0161trukt\u00fara tie\u017e pom\u00e1ha \u0161\u00edreniu infekci\u00ed odoln\u00fdch proti antibiotik\u00e1m. Napr\u00edklad vodn\u00e9 zdroje v okol\u00ed Hyderabadu, centra na v\u00fdrobu liekov v ju\u017enej Indii, s\u00fa pln\u00e9 zvy\u0161kov antibiot\u00edk a antifung\u00e1lnych l\u00e1tok, uv\u00e1dza ned\u00e1vna \u0161t\u00fadia v \u010dasopise Journal of Infection . V d\u00f4sledku toho si mikr\u00f3by v okolitej oblasti vytvorili rezistenciu.<\/p>\n

Covid-19 veci e\u0161te zhor\u0161il, preto\u017ee mnoh\u00ed \u013eudia sa mylne domnievaj\u00fa, \u017ee sa d\u00e1 lie\u010di\u0165 antibiotikami. Ned\u00e1vna \u0161t\u00fadia t\u00edmu veden\u00e9ho Giorgiou Sulis z McGill University v Kanade sa zamerala na to, ako sa predaj antibiot\u00edk pre dospel\u00fdch zv\u00fd\u0161il v Indii po\u010das prvej vlny ochorenia COVID-19. Odhadli, \u017ee nerv\u00f3zni Indovia zhltli 216 mili\u00f3nov prebyto\u010dn\u00fdch d\u00e1vok. Otvoren\u00fd list lek\u00e1rov zo 14. janu\u00e1ra kritizoval zdravotn\u00edcke org\u00e1ny krajiny za \u201enechcen\u00e9\u201c a \u201eneopr\u00e1vnen\u00e9\u201c pou\u017e\u00edvanie antimikrobi\u00e1lnych l\u00e1tok v reakcii na variant Omicron. <\/p>\n

Antibiotik\u00e1 lie\u010dia bakteri\u00e1lne n\u00e1kazy, nie v\u00edrusy ako sars-cov-2.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Ekonomick\u00e1 z\u00e1\u0165a\u017e superbugov rastie. V roku 2016 britsk\u00ed vl\u00e1dni vedci predpovedali, \u017ee ak sa nevynalo\u017e\u00ed \u017eiadne v\u00e1\u017ene \u00fasilie na kontrolu antimikrobi\u00e1lnej rezistencie, do roku 2050 by to mohlo celosvetovo zabi\u0165 viac ako 10 mili\u00f3nov \u013eud\u00ed. Tie\u017e odhadli, \u017ee by to mohlo v tomto obdob\u00ed zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 celosvetov\u00fa produkciu o kumulat\u00edvnych 100 bili\u00f3nov USD. Tak\u00e9to \u010d\u00edsla s\u00fa ve\u013emi \u0161pekulat\u00edvne. Je v\u0161ak jasn\u00e9, \u017ee lie\u010dba pacienta s infekciou rezistentnou proti liekom je n\u00e1kladn\u00e1 \u2013 tri a\u017e \u0161tyrikr\u00e1t viac ako lie\u010dba pacienta s infekciou, ktor\u00e1 reaguje na antibiotik\u00e1, odhaduje doktor Walia.<\/p>\n

Snahy vyhn\u00fa\u0165 sa pestovaniu superbakt\u00e9ri\u00ed boli doteraz nejednotn\u00e9. V roku 2020 indick\u00e9 ministerstvo \u017eivotn\u00e9ho prostredia navrhlo obmedzi\u0165 rez\u00eddu\u00e1 antibiot\u00edk povolen\u00e9 v odpadov\u00fdch vod\u00e1ch vyp\u00fa\u0161\u0165an\u00fdch tov\u00e1r\u0148ami na lieky. Minul\u00fd rok tento s\u013eub v tichosti poru\u0161ila. V Pakistane, Indii a Banglad\u00e9\u0161i bolo zak\u00e1zan\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvanie nieko\u013ek\u00fdch antibiot\u00edk u hospod\u00e1rskych zvierat. V roku 2019 bol v Islamabade, hlavnom meste Pakistanu, zak\u00e1zan\u00fd predaj antibiot\u00edk pre \u013eud\u00ed bez lek\u00e1rskeho predpisu.<\/p>\n

Pravidl\u00e1 sa v\u0161ak \u010dasto nedodr\u017eiavaj\u00fa, hovor\u00ed profesor Hasan. O\u0161emetn\u00e9 je aj obmedzenie predaja. Zatia\u013e \u010do mnoh\u00ed Juho\u00e1zij\u010dania u\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa pr\u00edli\u0161 ve\u013ea antibiot\u00edk, in\u00ed trpia alebo dokonca zomieraj\u00fa, preto\u017ee ich maj\u00fa pr\u00edli\u0161 m\u00e1lo, hovor\u00ed Dr Walia. Dostupnej\u0161ia lacn\u00e1 diagnostika by zabr\u00e1nila lek\u00e1rom predpisova\u0165 nespr\u00e1vne lieky, hovor\u00ed Dr Chisti. Ale to len ve\u013emi pom\u00f4\u017ee. \u0164a\u017eko pracuj\u00faci by rad\u0161ej i\u0161li rovno do obchodu a k\u00fapili si lacn\u00e9 antibiotik\u00e1, ako by mali \u00eds\u0165 najsk\u00f4r na vy\u0161etrenie k lek\u00e1rovi.<\/p>\n

Lep\u0161ia hygiena a zdravotn\u00e1 starostlivos\u0165 by zn\u00ed\u017eili dopyt po antibiotik\u00e1ch. Lep\u0161\u00ed lek\u00e1rsky v\u00fdcvik by obmedzil nadmern\u00e9 predpisovanie liekov. To v\u0161etko by spomalilo \u0161\u00edrenie antimikrobi\u00e1lnej rezistencie, v\u010faka \u010domu by mili\u00f3ny Juho\u00e1zij\u010danov boli zdrav\u0161ie a schopnej\u0161ie pracova\u0165. Zn\u00ed\u017eilo by to aj poplatky za zdravotn\u00fa starostlivos\u0165. <\/p>\n

Boj proti superbakt\u00e9ri\u00e1m m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 n\u00e1kladn\u00fd, ale ak tak neurob\u00edte, je to e\u0161te n\u00e1kladnej\u0161ie.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

N\u00e1kazy odoln\u00e9 vo\u010di lieku a bakt\u00e9ria Kurta Blomeho, Serratia marcescens. O tejto \u010dervenej bakt\u00e9rii vedeli najviac \u017eidia u\u017e v stredoveku, ako ju kres\u0165ania prid\u00e1vaj\u00fa do chleba z ktor\u00e9ho vyr\u00e1baj\u00fa hostiu pre sv\u00e4t\u00e9 prij\u00edmanie. \u017didia sa rad\u0161ej nechali za\u017eiva up\u00e1li\u0165 ako otr\u00e1vi\u0165, ako konvertova\u0165 na kres\u0165anstvo a museli by \u00eds\u0165 na prv\u00e9 sv\u00e4t\u00e9 prij\u00edmanie. Otr\u00e1vili by […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-22166","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-exo-news"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22166","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=22166"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22166\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=22166"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=22166"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=22166"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}