Trhy so \u017eiv\u00fdmi zvieratami v \u00c1zii a \u010c\u00edne. Vo\u013ene \u017eij\u00face zvierat\u00e1, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa v \u010c\u00edne cenen\u00e9 ako poch\u00fa\u0165ka, obsahuj\u00fa mno\u017estvo hroziv\u00fdch v\u00edrusov. Nov\u00e1 \u0161t\u00fadia poukazuje na pandemick\u00e9 rizik\u00e1 obchodu s exotick\u00fdmi hra\u010dkami. Nov\u00e1 \u0161t\u00fadia zistila, \u017ee vo\u013ene \u017eij\u00face zvierat\u00e1, ktor\u00e9 sa niekedy nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa na jed\u00e1lnom l\u00edstku v \u00e1zijsk\u00fdch krajin\u00e1ch, maj\u00fa ohromuj\u00facu \u0161k\u00e1lu v\u00edrusov, vr\u00e1tane mnoh\u00fdch, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu infikova\u0165 \u013eud\u00ed. <\/p>\n
Hoci \u017eiadny z nich \u00fazko nes\u00favis\u00ed s t\u00fdm ktor\u00fd vyvolal pand\u00e9miu COVID-19, \u0161t\u00fadia pod\u013ea vedcov vysiela jasn\u00e9 varovanie, \u017ee v \u017eivo\u010d\u00ed\u0161nej r\u00ed\u0161i \u010d\u00edhaj\u00fa \u010fal\u0161ie hrozby.<\/p>\n
Je zn\u00e1me, \u017ee trhy so \u017eiv\u00fdmi zvieratami vyvolali pred 2 desa\u0165ro\u010diami epid\u00e9mie, ako napr\u00edklad z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fd ak\u00fatny respira\u010dn\u00fd syndr\u00f3m (SARS). \u0160t\u00fadia v\u0161ak pod\u010diarkuje rozsah hrozby a ukazuje, \u017ee \u201eu zvierat existuje obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estvo v\u00edrusovej diverzity bez vzorky\u201c, hovor\u00ed evolu\u010dn\u00fd biol\u00f3g z Harvardskej univerzity William Hanage, ktor\u00fd sa na pr\u00e1ci nez\u00fa\u010dastnil. <\/p>\n
“My \u013eudia mus\u00edme pochopi\u0165, \u017ee v pr\u00edpade v\u00edrusu m\u00f4\u017eu r\u00f4zne druhy cicavcov vyzera\u0165 celkom podobne, za predpokladu, \u017ee ich bunky maj\u00fa vhodn\u00e9 receptory.” <\/p>\n
\u010c\u00edna zak\u00e1zala predaj zvierat zo vzorky, ale ostatn\u00e9 krajiny v regi\u00f3ne tak neurobili.<\/p>\n
Vedci pod veden\u00edm veterin\u00e1ra Su Shuo z po\u013enohospod\u00e1rskej univerzity v Nanjing odobrali vzorky z takmer 2 000 zvierat predstavuj\u00facich 18 r\u00f4znych druhov na miestach v \u010c\u00edne vr\u00e1tane ko\u017eu\u0161inov\u00fdch fariem, zoologick\u00fdch z\u00e1hrad a pr\u00edrodn\u00fdch biotopov. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou i\u0161lo o druhy, ktor\u00e9 sa v \u010c\u00edne tradi\u010dne jedia ako poch\u00fa\u0165ky, vr\u00e1tane cibetiek, ps\u00edkov medved\u00edkovit\u00fdch, jazvecov, bambusov\u00fdch potkanov a dikobrazov. <\/p>\n
Pomocou \u201emetagenomickej\u201c techniky, ktor\u00e1 testuje vzorky na transkripty RNA, ktor\u00e9 v\u00edrusy vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa, ke\u010f sa kop\u00edruj\u00fa, identifikovali 102 druhov v\u00edru z 13 r\u00f4znych v\u00edrusov\u00fdch rod\u00edn v nosoch, v\u00fdkaloch a tkaniv\u00e1ch zvierat. \u0160es\u0165desiatp\u00e4\u0165 v\u00edrusov nebolo nikdy predt\u00fdm op\u00edsan\u00fdch. V\u00fdskumn\u00edci pova\u017eovali 21 za \u201evysoko rizikov\u00e9\u201c pre \u013eud\u00ed, preto\u017ee v minulosti infikovali \u013eud\u00ed alebo jednoducho v minulosti \u013eahko sk\u00e1kali medzi druhmi.<\/p>\n
“Na\u0161e v\u00fdsledky poskytuj\u00fa d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 poznatky o t\u00fdchto zvierat\u00e1ch a ich v\u00edrusoch, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu vies\u0165 k \u010fal\u0161ej pand\u00e9mii,” hovor\u00ed Su, ktorej skupina v\u010dera zverejnila svoju pr\u00e1cu online v Cell.<\/p>\n
Medzi znepokojiv\u00fdmi n\u00e1lezmi bolo nieko\u013eko koronav\u00edrusov. Napr\u00edklad je\u017eko bol infikovan\u00fd v\u00edrusom podobn\u00fdm tomu, ktor\u00fd u \u013eud\u00ed sp\u00f4sobuje bl\u00edzkov\u00fdchodn\u00fd respira\u010dn\u00fd syndr\u00f3m. \u0160tyri psie koronav\u00edrusy n\u00e1jden\u00e9 u psov m\u00fdvalovit\u00fdch boli pribli\u017ene na 94 % podobn\u00e9 koronav\u00edrusom, ktor\u00e9 sa ned\u00e1vno na\u0161li u \u013eud\u00ed v Malajzii a na Haiti. <\/p>\n
“Tieto v\u00edrusy m\u00f4\u017eu infikova\u0165 mnoho zvierat,” hovor\u00ed Su.<\/p>\n
Niektor\u00e9 druhy zo vzorky v \u0161t\u00fadii by mohli p\u00f4sobi\u0165 ako \u201esprostredkovatelia\u201c, ktor\u00fdch koronav\u00edrusy netopierov infikuj\u00fa sk\u00f4r, ako sa dostan\u00fa k \u013eu\u010fom. V skuto\u010dnosti sa v cibetke objavil koronav\u00edrus bl\u00edzky v\u00edrusu n\u00e1jden\u00e9mu u netopierov. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina vedcov si mysl\u00ed, \u017ee SARS-CoV-2 aj SARS-CoV-1, pr\u00ed\u010dina SARS sa po prechode cez medzihostite\u013ea stali \u013eudsk\u00fdmi patog\u00e9nmi.<\/p>\n
V\u00fdskumn\u00edci tie\u017e odhalili nieko\u013eko v\u00edrusov chr\u00edpky, \u010fal\u0161iu rodinu, ktor\u00e1 by mohla spusti\u0165 nov\u00fa pand\u00e9miu. V zisten\u00ed \u201ezna\u010dn\u00e9ho v\u00fdznamu\u201c, p\u00ed\u0161u autori, sa zistilo, \u017ee cibetky a \u00e1zijsk\u00e9 jazvece pren\u00e1\u0161aj\u00fa H9N2, v\u00edrus chr\u00edpky typu A, ktor\u00fd sa \u010doraz \u010dastej\u0161ie vyskytuje u kur\u010diat a ka\u010d\u00edc. Spr\u00e1va z febru\u00e1ra 2020 zaznamenala menej ako 50 zdokumentovan\u00fdch \u013eudsk\u00fdch pr\u00edpadov infekcie H9N2, preto\u017ee v\u00edrus sa medzi \u013eu\u010fmi nepren\u00e1\u0161a efekt\u00edvne. <\/p>\n
Vedci sa v\u0161ak ob\u00e1vaj\u00fa, \u017ee replik\u00e1ciou v in\u00fdch cicavcoch m\u00e1 viac pr\u00edle\u017eitost\u00ed infikova\u0165 \u013eud\u00ed a prisp\u00f4sobi\u0165 sa im. Infikovan\u00e9 jazvece mali n\u00e1dchu a pravdepodobne sa mohli prenies\u0165 na \u010dloveka d\u00fdchac\u00edmi cestami.<\/p>\n
\u010eal\u0161ie v\u00edrusy zisten\u00e9 v \u0161t\u00fadii, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu infikova\u0165 \u013eud\u00ed, zah\u0155\u0148aj\u00fa chr\u00edpku B, Norwalk, \u013eudsk\u00fd parainfluenza v\u00edrus 2, rotav\u00edrusy a ortoreov\u00edrusy.<\/p>\n
Trhy, na ktor\u00fdch sa pred\u00e1vaj\u00fa \u017eiv\u00e9 zvierat\u00e1, \u010dasto naz\u00fdvan\u00e9 \u201emokr\u00e9 trhy\u201c, s\u00fa ide\u00e1lnymi miestami na prenos v\u00edrusu na \u013eud\u00ed, a to z d\u00f4vodu hustoty zvierat a aj preto, \u017ee stres, ktor\u00fdm trpia, ich rob\u00ed n\u00e1chyln\u00fdmi na \u0161\u00edrenie v\u00edrusu, hovor\u00ed lek\u00e1rska virologi\u010dka Marietjie Venter University of Pret\u00f3ria, Hatfield. <\/p>\n
Nov\u00e9 zistenia \u201epotvrdzuj\u00fa, \u017ee sa treba vyh\u00fdba\u0165 obchodovaniu s t\u00fdmito zvieratami a ich konzum\u00e1cii, a podporuj\u00fa kroky \u010c\u00edny na z\u00e1kaz obchodovania s mnoh\u00fdmi z t\u00fdchto zvierat,\u201c hovor\u00ed Venter, ktor\u00fd je \u010dlenom Vedeckej poradnej skupiny Svetovej zdravotn\u00edckej organiz\u00e1cie. P\u00f4vod nov\u00fdch patog\u00e9nov.<\/p>\n
Po SARS \u010c\u00edna zak\u00e1zala predaj mnoh\u00fdch zvierat zo vzorky v \u0161t\u00fadii, ale st\u00e1le boli \u013eahko dostupn\u00e9 na trhoch Wuhan v roku 2019, tesne pred za\u010diatkom pand\u00e9mie, vr\u00e1tane trhu s morsk\u00fdmi plodmi Huanan, ktor\u00fd bol identifikovan\u00fd ako prv\u00fd zhluk pr\u00edpadov COVID-19. Su hovor\u00ed, \u017ee vl\u00e1da odvtedy tvrdo zakro\u010dila proti neleg\u00e1lnemu predaju. <\/p>\n
“S ve\u013emi pr\u00edsnou legislat\u00edvou, ako aj skr\u00edningov\u00fdmi kontrolami, je teraz \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 n\u00e1js\u0165 vo\u013ene \u017eij\u00face zvierat\u00e1” na predaj, hovor\u00ed Su. “Znepokojuje ma, \u017ee sa zd\u00e1, \u017ee v juhov\u00fdchodnej \u00c1zii, kde ekonomika zaost\u00e1va, tento obchod s div\u00fdmi zvieratami pokra\u010duje.”<\/p>\n
Evolu\u010dn\u00fd biol\u00f3g Edward Holmes z University of Sydney, spoluautor novej \u0161t\u00fadie, \u201esilne podozrieva, \u017ee SARS-CoV-2 presko\u010dil na \u013eud\u00ed na trhu Huanan. K\u00fdm sa div\u00e9 zvierat\u00e1 pred\u00e1vaj\u00fa, riziko podobn\u00fdch skokov zost\u00e1va vysok\u00e9, hovor\u00ed. <\/p>\n
“Je \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 vymyslie\u0165 efekt\u00edvnej\u0161\u00ed sp\u00f4sob, ako zap\u00e1li\u0165 a rozd\u00facha\u0165 plamene epid\u00e9mie,” hovor\u00ed Holmes. <\/p>\n
“Neust\u00e1le nech\u00e1vame tieto veci prekvita\u0165 a je len ot\u00e1zkou \u010dasu, kedy prepukne \u010fal\u0161ia epid\u00e9mia a mo\u017eno aj \u010fal\u0161ia pand\u00e9mia.”<\/p>\n
To je tak\u00e1 n\u00e1matkov\u00e1 kontrola z kn\u00edh o Anunnaki, ktor\u00ed zvierat\u00e1 neradi, asi vedia pre\u010do! V\u0161etky zvierat\u00e1 nezabij\u00fa, ale nechaj\u00fa ich do\u017ei\u0165 sp\u00f4sobom, aby sa \u010falej nerozmno\u017eovali. Zo svojim psom som pre\u017eil 20 rokov a niekedy pekne v posteli. Nemohol zaspa\u0165, k\u00fdm sa ku mne nepritla\u010dil!
\nAch j\u00e1j Bredo, to boli \u010dasy, lebo som \u0165a nezjedol!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Trhy so \u017eiv\u00fdmi zvieratami v \u00c1zii a \u010c\u00edne. Vo\u013ene \u017eij\u00face zvierat\u00e1, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa v \u010c\u00edne cenen\u00e9 ako poch\u00fa\u0165ka, obsahuj\u00fa mno\u017estvo hroziv\u00fdch v\u00edrusov. Nov\u00e1 \u0161t\u00fadia poukazuje na pandemick\u00e9 rizik\u00e1 obchodu s exotick\u00fdmi hra\u010dkami. Nov\u00e1 \u0161t\u00fadia zistila, \u017ee vo\u013ene \u017eij\u00face zvierat\u00e1, ktor\u00e9 sa niekedy nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa na jed\u00e1lnom l\u00edstku v \u00e1zijsk\u00fdch krajin\u00e1ch, maj\u00fa ohromuj\u00facu \u0161k\u00e1lu v\u00edrusov, vr\u00e1tane mnoh\u00fdch, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-22810","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-biohazard"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22810","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=22810"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22810\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=22810"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=22810"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=22810"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}