{"id":24698,"date":"2022-04-26T09:08:11","date_gmt":"2022-04-26T09:08:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/?p=24698"},"modified":"2022-04-26T09:08:11","modified_gmt":"2022-04-26T09:08:11","slug":"cla-pre-rusku-energiu-su-sikovnym-sposobom-ako-oklamat-adolfa-putina","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/cla-pre-rusku-energiu-su-sikovnym-sposobom-ako-oklamat-adolfa-putina\/","title":{"rendered":"Clo pre rusk\u00fa energiu"},"content":{"rendered":"

Cl\u00e1 na rusk\u00fa energiu s\u00fa \u0161ikovn\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom, ako oklama\u0165 Adolfa Putina. Ak Eur\u00f3pa nem\u00f4\u017ee s\u00fahlasi\u0165 so z\u00e1kazom ruskej ropy a plynu, mala by ich zdani\u0165. V holandskom pr\u00edstave lode z Ruska diskr\u00e9tne vykladaj\u00fa jazer\u00e1 ropy, ka\u017ed\u00e1 v hodnote a\u017e 80 mili\u00f3nov USD, ktor\u00e1 sa m\u00e1 spracova\u0165 v eur\u00f3pskych rafin\u00e9ri\u00e1ch. <\/p>\n

E\u0161te \u010falej od verejn\u00e9ho z\u00e1ujmu sa plynovod Nord Stream dost\u00e1va na pevninu v Lubmine a pre\u010derp\u00e1va sib\u00edrsky plyn, za ktor\u00fd z\u00e1kazn\u00edci v Nemecku a mimo neho posielaj\u00fa sp\u00e4\u0165 viac ako 160 mili\u00f3nov EUR ka\u017ed\u00fd de\u0148. Toto je temn\u00e9 ekonomick\u00e9 podhubie Eur\u00f3py, kontinentu, ktor\u00fd si blaho\u017eel\u00e1 k pomoci Ukrajine, pri\u010dom od za\u010diatku vojny pred \u00f4smimi t\u00fd\u017ed\u0148ami zaplatil za rusk\u00fa energiu takmer 40 mili\u00e1rd eur.<\/p>\n

Clo na rusk\u00fa energiu vojnov\u00fdch \u0161ialencov Ruska<\/h1>\n

Transparenty na demon\u0161tr\u00e1ci\u00e1ch od Par\u00ed\u017ea po Prahu obhajovali jednoduch\u00e9 odstavenie ropovodu a odvr\u00e1tenie tankerov prev\u00e1\u017eaj\u00facich ropu. Av\u0161ak vlna za vlnou eur\u00f3pskych sankci\u00ed takmer ignorovala ropu a plyn, aj ke\u010f boli prijat\u00e9 drastick\u00e9 opatrenia zameran\u00e9 na in\u00e9 \u010dasti ruskej ekonomiky. Politici si \u017eelaj\u00fa, aby mohli zastavi\u0165 platby do kreme\u013eskej kasy; Nemecko zabr\u00e1nilo otvoreniu nov\u00e9ho ropovodu, dvoj\u010da\u0165a Nord Streamu. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 sa ob\u00e1vaj\u00fa, \u017ee chladn\u00e9 more na rusk\u00fd plyn m\u00f4\u017ee vies\u0165 k tomu, \u017ee v zime bud\u00fa ob\u010dania chladn\u00ed. Voli\u010di u\u017e poci\u0165uj\u00fa \u0161tipku vysok\u00fdch \u00fa\u010dtov za k\u00farenie a benz\u00edn.
\n\"Clo
\nAk sankcie zmizn\u00fa zo stola, Eur\u00f3pa by namiesto toho mohla zv\u00e1\u017ei\u0165 pr\u00edsne cl\u00e1 na rusk\u00e9 energie. Zdanenie dovozu ropy a plynu by \u00faplne nezastavilo ich pr\u00fadenie na z\u00e1pad. Dopyt po rusk\u00fdch uh\u013eovod\u00edkoch by to v\u0161ak obmedzilo rovnako ako poplatky za alkohol a cigarety odr\u00e1dzali od pitia a faj\u010denia. Analogick\u00e1 \u201ehriechov\u00e1\u201c da\u0148 z ruskej ropy by uznala, \u017ee n\u00e1kup ruskej energie je formou komer\u010dn\u00e9ho ne\u0161\u0165astia, ke\u010f\u017ee pouk\u00e1zan\u00e9 prostriedky poh\u00e1\u0148aj\u00fa vojnov\u00fa ma\u0161in\u00e9riu KGB\u00e1ka Putina. <\/p>\n

Firmy, ktor\u00e9 vyp\u00fa\u0161\u0165aj\u00fa sklen\u00edkov\u00e9 plyny do atmosf\u00e9ry, musia kompenzova\u0165 \u0161ir\u0161iu verejnos\u0165 n\u00e1kupom uhl\u00edkov\u00fdch povolen\u00ed. Dnes je putinizmus pre geopolitiku t\u00fdm, \u010d\u00edm je zmena kl\u00edmy pre plan\u00e9tu: probl\u00e9m, ktor\u00fd treba r\u00fdchlo rie\u0161i\u0165.<\/p>\n

Cie\u013eom ak\u00e9hoko\u013evek re\u017eimu sankci\u00ed je uvali\u0165 na nepriate\u013ea ochromuj\u00face n\u00e1klady a z\u00e1rove\u0148 utrpie\u0165 len mal\u00e9 nepohodlie. Niektor\u00ed ekon\u00f3movia sa domnievaj\u00fa, \u017ee cl\u00e1 by e\u00fa dokonca pomohlidosiahnu\u0165 zisk na \u00fakor Ruska. Ricardo Hausmann, b\u00fdval\u00fd venezuelsk\u00fd minister pl\u00e1novania teraz na Harvarde, poukazuje na to, \u017ee ak by sa k cene ruskej ropy pridala repres\u00edvna dovozn\u00e1 da\u0148 \u2013 mo\u017eno vo v\u00fd\u0161ke 90 %, eur\u00f3pske rafin\u00e9rie by z\u00edskavali ropu odinakia\u013e, pokia\u013e by nedostali zna\u010dn\u00fa z\u013eava. <\/p>\n

Rusko zar\u00e1ba zo svojej ropy \u2013 vy\u0165a\u017eenej za menej ako 6 dol\u00e1rov <\/em>za barel a pred\u00e1vanej za desa\u0165n\u00e1sobok \u2013 tak\u00e9 obrovsk\u00e9 zisky, \u017ee by pre neho st\u00e1le d\u00e1valo zmysel vyv\u00e1\u017ea\u0165 ju za glob\u00e1lnu cenu m\u00ednus clo zaveden\u00e9 Eur\u00f3pou (a rusk\u00e1 ropa je skuto\u010dne sa u\u017e pred\u00e1vaj\u00fa s v\u00fdraznou z\u013eavou oproti referen\u010dn\u00fdm sadzb\u00e1m). Ke\u010f\u017ee rusk\u00e9 ropovody a pr\u00edstavy s\u00fa usporiadan\u00e9 hlavne na z\u00e1sobovanie Eur\u00f3py, presmerovanie ropy a plynu k in\u00fdm z\u00e1kazn\u00edkom by bolo komplikovan\u00e9 a n\u00e1kladn\u00e9. Nov\u00e1 tarifa by sa stala zdrojom pr\u00edjmu pre Eur\u00f3pu na \u00fakor Krem\u013ea.<\/p>\n

Skuto\u010dn\u00fd \u017eivot by bol komplikovanej\u0161\u00ed ako ekonomick\u00e9 modely. Ale \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed bod, hovor\u00ed Guntram Wolff z Bruegel, think-tanku v Bruseli, je ten, \u017ee Eur\u00f3pa m\u00e1 viac mo\u017enost\u00ed nahradi\u0165 ropu, ne\u017e m\u00e1 Rusko mo\u017enost\u00ed nahradi\u0165 eur\u00f3pskych z\u00e1kazn\u00edkov. S plynom je to in\u00e9, ke\u010f\u017ee sa dod\u00e1va potrub\u00edm, ktor\u00e9 sp\u00e1ja v\u00fdrobcov a spotrebite\u013eov. Eur\u00f3pa nem\u00f4\u017ee r\u00fdchlo nahradi\u0165 ve\u013ea z toho, \u010do dod\u00e1va Rusko, aj ke\u010f do ur\u010ditej miery m\u00f4\u017ee \u00faplne prejs\u0165 na plyn z in\u00fdch miest alebo na in\u00e9 formy energie. <\/p>\n

Poplatok za plyn by tak s men\u0161ou pravdepodobnos\u0165ou tla\u010dil rusk\u00e9 ceny nadol v kr\u00e1tkodobom horizonte; ale ke\u010f\u017ee Eur\u00f3pa diverzifikuje svoje zdroje dod\u00e1vok, napr\u00edklad budovan\u00edm v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ieho mno\u017estva lng termin\u00e1lov, stane sa \u017eivotaschopnej\u0161\u00edm. <\/p>\n

Peniaze z\u00edskan\u00e9 poplatkom by sa mohli pou\u017ei\u0165 na kompenz\u00e1ciu u\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov rusk\u00e9ho plynu, ktor\u00ed od neho nem\u00f4\u017eu prejs\u0165.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Mario Draghi, \u010fal\u0161\u00ed ekon\u00f3m, ktor\u00fd je v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti talianskym premi\u00e9rom, chce tie\u017e podkopa\u0165 energiu, ale t\u00fdm, \u017ee namiesto toho obmedz\u00ed cenu, ktor\u00fa plat\u00ed Eur\u00f3pa za dov\u00e1\u017ean\u00fd plyn. V mnoh\u00fdch oh\u013eadoch je to podobn\u00e9 tarife: obmedz\u00edte tok pe\u0148az\u00ed smeruj\u00facich do Moskvy a prin\u00fatite Rusko, aby sa prisp\u00f4sobilo. Ale tento pr\u00edstup by nijako nenaru\u0161il dopyt po ruskej energii \u2013 pr\u00e1ve naopak. <\/p>\n

Podporilo by to priemysel, aby t\u00fa\u017eil po viac, nie menej, teraz e\u0161te lacnej\u0161om plyne p\u00e1na Putina. Naopak prudk\u00fd n\u00e1rast cien niektor\u00fdch rusk\u00fdch energi\u00ed by vyslal sign\u00e1l, \u017ee t\u00ed, ktor\u00ed ju v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa, by mali zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165. Politici to po\u017eaduj\u00fa: Eur\u00f3pa sa tento rok usiluje o zn\u00ed\u017eenie dovozu rusk\u00e9ho plynu o dve tretiny, hoci \u010diasto\u010dne vych\u00e1dza z optimistick\u00fdch predpokladov. Vy\u0161\u0161ia cena rusk\u00e9ho plynu, hoci bolestiv\u00e1,<\/p>\n

Najpravdepodobnej\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdsledkom, hovor\u00ed p\u00e1n Garicano, je s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fd pr\u00edstup: nerobi\u0165 ni\u010d. <\/p>\n

Poplatok za dovoz je prinajmen\u0161om krokom spr\u00e1vnym smerom a je politicky realizovate\u013en\u00fd.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Na rozdiel od embarga typu v\u0161etko alebo ni\u010d by sa to dalo upravi\u0165 v z\u00e1vislosti od okolnost\u00ed. V norm\u00e1lnych \u010dasoch je zdanenie dovozu ods\u00favan\u00e9 zo strachu, \u017ee by to nahnevalo obchodn\u00fdch partnerov. Ale otravovanie Krem\u013ea by bolo v tomto pr\u00edpade plus. Rusko by mohlo reagova\u0165 zn\u00ed\u017een\u00edm dod\u00e1vok, no aj tak sa t\u00fdm u\u017e vyhr\u00e1\u017ea. Pokia\u013e ide o snahu oslobodi\u0165 sa z okov z\u00e1vislosti od ruskej energie, m\u00e1 E\u00da spr\u00e1vnu my\u0161lienku . Teraz to chce spr\u00e1vny pr\u00edstup. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Cl\u00e1 na rusk\u00fa energiu s\u00fa \u0161ikovn\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom, ako oklama\u0165 Adolfa Putina. Ak Eur\u00f3pa nem\u00f4\u017ee s\u00fahlasi\u0165 so z\u00e1kazom ruskej ropy a plynu, mala by ich zdani\u0165. V holandskom pr\u00edstave lode z Ruska diskr\u00e9tne vykladaj\u00fa jazer\u00e1 ropy, ka\u017ed\u00e1 v hodnote a\u017e 80 mili\u00f3nov USD, ktor\u00e1 sa m\u00e1 spracova\u0165 v eur\u00f3pskych rafin\u00e9ri\u00e1ch. E\u0161te \u010falej od verejn\u00e9ho z\u00e1ujmu sa […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-24698","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-exo-news"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24698","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=24698"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24698\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=24698"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=24698"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=24698"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}