{"id":25127,"date":"2022-05-07T19:49:49","date_gmt":"2022-05-07T19:49:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/?p=25127"},"modified":"2022-05-07T19:49:49","modified_gmt":"2022-05-07T19:49:49","slug":"sloboda-tlace-celi-utokom-cina-rusko-ako-priklad-autokratov","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/sloboda-tlace-celi-utokom-cina-rusko-ako-priklad-autokratov\/","title":{"rendered":"Sloboda tla\u010de pod \u00fatokmi autokratov kles\u00e1"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sloboda tla\u010de v krajin\u00e1ch autokratov potrebuje obrancov. Autokrati nad\u00e1vaj\u00fa na slobodu prejavu, pri\u010dom ju z\u00e1kern\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom nar\u00fa\u0161aj\u00fa. Ak by Rusko malo slobodn\u00fa tla\u010d, ko\u013eko Rusov by s\u00fahlasilo s inv\u00e1ziou Adolfa Putina na Ukrajinu? Tu je \u010fal\u0161\u00ed: ako by sa mohli vyv\u00edja\u0165 prv\u00e9 dni COVID-19, ak by sa v\u00edrus najprv objavil v krajine so slobodnou tla\u010dou, a nie v \u010c\u00edne? Sloboda tla\u010de pod \u00fatokom. Mohla to vl\u00e1da takejto krajiny uml\u010da\u0165 po\u010das t\u00fdchto k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdch prv\u00fdch t\u00fd\u017ed\u0148ov?<\/p>\n

Sloboda tla\u010de utopen\u00e1 \u00fatokmi vl\u00e1dcov kraj\u00edn<\/h1>\n

Ke\u010f nad\u0161enci zo spravodajstva oslavovali 3. m\u00e1ja Svetov\u00fd de\u0148 slobody tla\u010de, oplatilo sa pripomen\u00fa\u0165, pre\u010do na tom z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed. Slobodn\u00e1 tla\u010d m\u00f4\u017ee sk\u00fama\u0165 mocn\u00fdch, odha\u013eova\u0165 korupciu a odr\u00e1dza\u0165 od zneu\u017e\u00edvania. Pre tyrana, ako raz nariekal Napoleon Bonaparte, \u201e\u0161tyroch nepriate\u013esk\u00fdch nov\u00edn sa treba b\u00e1\u0165 viac ako 1000 bajonetov\u201c. Vo\u013en\u00fd tok inform\u00e1ci\u00ed je z\u00e1kladom demokracie. Bez nej voli\u010di nem\u00f4\u017eu robi\u0165 informovan\u00e9 rozhodnutia. Vl\u00e1dy sa sna\u017eia v\u0161imn\u00fa\u0165 si alebo opravi\u0165 svoje chyby. A slobodn\u00e9 m\u00e9di\u00e1 u\u013eah\u010duj\u00fa \u0161\u00edrenie dobr\u00fdch n\u00e1padov a u\u017eito\u010dn\u00fdch inform\u00e1ci\u00ed, \u010d\u00edm ur\u00fdch\u013euj\u00fa pokrok.
\n\"\u0161tyroch
\nVo svete v\u0161ak sloboda tla\u010de kles\u00e1. Pribli\u017ene 85 % \u013eud\u00ed \u017eije v krajin\u00e1ch, kde bola v posledn\u00fdch piatich rokoch obmedzen\u00e1. Teraz je rovnako ochromen\u00fd ako v roku 1984, po\u010das studenej vojny. Povaha cenz\u00fary sa v\u0161ak odvtedy vyvinula. Stovky report\u00e9rov s\u00fa st\u00e1le vo v\u00e4zen\u00ed a desiatky s\u00fa ka\u017edoro\u010dne zabit\u00e9. Ale v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina modern\u00fdch autokratov prinajmen\u0161om hovor\u00ed o my\u0161lienke slobodnej tla\u010de a vyber\u00e1 si rafinovanej\u0161ie zbrane, ktor\u00fdmi na \u0148u za\u00fato\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\u0160t\u00e1tne rozpo\u010dty na reklamu sa m\u00ed\u0148aj\u00fa podfukov\u00fdmi predaj\u0148ami. Kritici dostan\u00fa da\u0148ov\u00e9 kontroly a pokuty za ohov\u00e1ranie. Tak\u00e9to ob\u0165a\u017eovanie m\u00f4\u017ee dosta\u0165 bojuj\u00face medi\u00e1lne firmy do \u010derven\u00fdch \u010d\u00edsel. Niektor\u00fdch si potom m\u00f4\u017eu k\u00fapi\u0165 kump\u00e1ni z vl\u00e1dnej strany, ktor\u00fdm nemus\u00ed vadi\u0165, ak ich telev\u00edzne stanice pr\u00eddu o peniaze, pokia\u013e pote\u0161ia \u013eud\u00ed, ktor\u00ed rozd\u00e1vaj\u00fa z\u00e1kazky na verejn\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce. P\u00e1n Putin bol priekopn\u00edkom tohto pr\u00edstupu; bolo \u0161iroko napodob\u0148ovan\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Technol\u00f3gia sa pou\u017e\u00edva na to, aby urobila zo \u017eivota peklo pre \u0161ikovn\u00e9 hacky. Nov\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje u\u013eah\u010duj\u00fa ich \u0161pehovanie. Vy\u0161etrovanie minul\u00fd rok zistilo, \u017ee odpo\u010d\u00favac\u00ed softv\u00e9r Pegasus bol vsunut\u00fd do mobiln\u00fdch telef\u00f3nov takmer 200 novin\u00e1rom, aby si mohli pre\u010d\u00edta\u0165 ich spr\u00e1vy, sledova\u0165 ich a identifikova\u0165 ich zdroje. Soci\u00e1lne m\u00e9di\u00e1 m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 pou\u017eit\u00e9 na ob\u0165a\u017eovanie report\u00e9rov. Prieskum zistil, \u017ee takmer tri \u0161tvrtiny novin\u00e1rok \u010delili online zneu\u017e\u00edvaniu. <\/p>\n

Toto je najstra\u0161idelnej\u0161ie, ke\u010f je to organizovan\u00e9 a m\u00e1 tich\u00fa podporu vl\u00e1dnucej strany. Napr\u00edklad v Indii kritici premi\u00e9ra Narendru Modiho \u010delia pr\u00edvalom hrozieb smrti a zn\u00e1silnenia zo strany hinduistick\u00fdch nacionalistick\u00fdch trollov, ktor\u00ed niekedy zverej\u0148uj\u00fa svoje adresy a nab\u00e1daj\u00fa bdel\u00fdch, aby ich nav\u0161t\u00edvili.<\/p>\n

Dokonca aj v liber\u00e1lnych demokraci\u00e1ch sa \u010dasto zneu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa z\u00e1kony proti ohov\u00e1raniu a poru\u0161ovaniu s\u00fakromia. Oligarchovia odinakia\u013e \u017ealuj\u00fa \u0161pinav\u00fdch report\u00e9rov v Lond\u00fdne v n\u00e1deji, \u017ee im ulo\u017eia zni\u010duj\u00face s\u00fadne n\u00e1klady a nekone\u010dn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my. V Po\u013esku jeden popul\u00e1rny denn\u00edk, Gazeta Wyborcza , zasiahlo v posledn\u00fdch rokoch viac ako 60 pr\u00edpadov, z ktor\u00fdch mnoh\u00e9 priniesli l\u00eddri vl\u00e1dnucej strany. Maltsk\u00e1 novin\u00e1rka, ktor\u00e1 odhalila \u0161t\u00e1tnu korupciu, sa zaoberala viac ako 40 pr\u00edpadmi, ke\u010f bola v roku 2017 zavra\u017eden\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Ako sa m\u00f4\u017eu br\u00e1ni\u0165 obhajcovia slobody tla\u010de, kde je cenz\u00fara pr\u00edsna?<\/h2>\n

\u013dahk\u00fd za\u010diatok by bol, keby liber\u00e1lne vl\u00e1dy zru\u0161ili archaick\u00e9 z\u00e1kony, ktor\u00e9 kriminalizuj\u00fa ohov\u00e1ranie, ktor\u00e9 je st\u00e1le prekvapivo be\u017en\u00e9. Mali by obmedzi\u0165 aj falo\u0161n\u00e9 s\u00fadne spory, o ktor\u00fdch v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti uva\u017euje Eur\u00f3pska komisia. \u010ealej musia nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 m\u00e9di\u00e1 n\u00e1js\u0165 nov\u00e9 zdroje financovania. M\u00f4\u017eu sa zapoji\u0165 charitat\u00edvne organiz\u00e1cie, ako aj crowdfunding a bohat\u00ed vlastn\u00edci, ktor\u00fdm z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na slobode prejavu. Verejnopr\u00e1vni vysielatelia m\u00f4\u017eu zohra\u0165 u\u017eito\u010dn\u00fa \u00falohu, ale iba vtedy, ak maj\u00fa dostato\u010dn\u00e9 z\u00e1ruky na to, aby boli skuto\u010dne nez\u00e1visl\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Na repres\u00edvnej\u0161\u00edch miestach je \u00faloha \u0165a\u017e\u0161ia, ale technol\u00f3gia m\u00f4\u017ee pom\u00f4c\u0165. Tam, kde je spravodajstvo na mieste pr\u00edli\u0161 riskantn\u00e9, satelitn\u00e9 sn\u00edmky a ve\u013ek\u00e9 s\u00fabory \u00fadajov umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa novin\u00e1rom zostavi\u0165 pr\u00edbehy z dia\u013eky. Slobodn\u00e9 krajiny by im mali pon\u00faknu\u0165 azyl a bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 miesto, kde m\u00f4\u017eu pokra\u010dova\u0165 v pr\u00e1ci. <\/p>\n

Tam, kde je cenz\u00fara pr\u00edsna, m\u00f4\u017eu ob\u010dania vyu\u017e\u00edva\u0165 virtu\u00e1lne s\u00fakromn\u00e9 \u200b\u200bsiete na pr\u00edstup k blokovan\u00e9mu obsahu a online n\u00e1strojom na zachyt\u00e1vanie webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nok pred ich cenz\u00farou.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Novin\u00e1ri v slobodn\u00fdch krajin\u00e1ch m\u00f4\u017eu pom\u00f4c\u0165 \u013eu\u010fom v autokraci\u00e1ch. Cezhrani\u010dn\u00e1 spolupr\u00e1ca odhalila \u0161kand\u00e1ly ako Pegasus a Panama Papers. Cloudov\u00fd publika\u010dn\u00fd syst\u00e9m denn\u00edka Washington Post umo\u017enil spolo\u010dnosti Apple Daily, su\u017eovan\u00e9mu prodemokratick\u00e9mu bulv\u00e1rnemu denn\u00edku v Hongkongu, pokra\u010dova\u0165 v publikovan\u00ed dlh\u0161ie, ako by inak bolo mo\u017en\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Boj bude do kopca. Pand\u00e9mia poskytla vl\u00e1dam vierohodn\u00fa z\u00e1mienku na obmedzenie slobody tla\u010de: takmer 100 tak urobilo v mene verejnej bezpe\u010dnosti. Donald Trump uk\u00e1zal, ako m\u00f4\u017ee demag\u00f3g podkopa\u0165 d\u00f4veru v m\u00e9di\u00e1 a ostatn\u00ed ho kop\u00edruj\u00fa. V minuloro\u010dnom prieskume takmer 60 % respondentov v 28 krajin\u00e1ch uviedlo, \u017ee novin\u00e1ri z\u00e1merne zav\u00e1dzaj\u00fa verejnos\u0165. <\/p>\n

Niektor\u00ed samozrejme \u00e1no, a Svetov\u00fd de\u0148 slobody tla\u010de je momentom pre novin\u00e1rov, ktor\u00ed po\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa ochranu, aby si polo\u017eili ot\u00e1zku, \u010di svoju slobodu vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa \u010do najlep\u0161ie. <\/p>\n

Zni\u010dte falo\u0161n\u00fa rusk\u00fa propagandu na Slovensku<\/h2>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sloboda tla\u010de v krajin\u00e1ch autokratov potrebuje obrancov. Autokrati nad\u00e1vaj\u00fa na slobodu prejavu, pri\u010dom ju z\u00e1kern\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom nar\u00fa\u0161aj\u00fa. Ak by Rusko malo slobodn\u00fa tla\u010d, ko\u013eko Rusov by s\u00fahlasilo s inv\u00e1ziou Adolfa Putina na Ukrajinu? Tu je \u010fal\u0161\u00ed: ako by sa mohli vyv\u00edja\u0165 prv\u00e9 dni COVID-19, ak by sa v\u00edrus najprv objavil v krajine so slobodnou tla\u010dou, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-25127","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-exo-news"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25127","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=25127"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25127\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25127"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=25127"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=25127"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}