{"id":25637,"date":"2022-06-01T21:25:09","date_gmt":"2022-06-01T21:25:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/?p=25637"},"modified":"2022-06-01T21:25:09","modified_gmt":"2022-06-01T21:25:09","slug":"najvacsie-svetove-loziska-litia-sa-nachadzaju-v-bolivii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/najvacsie-svetove-loziska-litia-sa-nachadzaju-v-bolivii\/","title":{"rendered":"Najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie svetov\u00e9 lo\u017eisk\u00e1 l\u00edtia s\u00fa v Bol\u00edvii"},"content":{"rendered":"

Najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie svetov\u00e9 lo\u017eisk\u00e1 l\u00edtia sa nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa v Bol\u00edvii v regi\u00f3ne Potosi. Chudoba Potos\u00ed je o to n\u00e1padnej\u0161ia, \u017ee sa v \u0148om nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa suroviny \u013eahk\u00e9ho, prchav\u00e9ho kovu pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9ho na bat\u00e9rie v smartf\u00f3noch, po\u010d\u00edta\u010doch a elektrick\u00fdch vozidl\u00e1ch. Miner\u00e1l bol objaven\u00fd v so\u013enej planine Uyuni v 70. rokoch 20. storo\u010dia, ale je \u010doraz viac vyh\u013ead\u00e1van\u00fd, ke\u010f\u017ee \u013eudia smeruj\u00fa k ekologickej\u0161\u00edm form\u00e1m energie.<\/p>\n

Najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie socialistick\u00e9 svetov\u00e9 lo\u017eisk\u00e1 l\u00edtia sa nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa v Bol\u00edvii<\/h1>\n

Nie je v\u0161etko zlato \u010do sa bly\u0161t\u00ed. V snahe profitova\u0165 z tohto rast\u00faceho dopytu otvorila bol\u00edvijsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da v roku 2013 tov\u00e1re\u0148 na l\u00edtium na jednom okraji so\u013enej pl\u00e1ne, pevnej bielej plochy s rozlohou 10 000 \u0161tvorcov\u00fdch kilometrov, ktor\u00e1 sa nach\u00e1dza vysoko v And\u00e1ch \u2013 o 1 km vy\u0161\u0161ie ako Machu Picchu v susednom Peru.<\/p>\n

Ak m\u00e1 Potos\u00ed n\u00e1js\u0165 cestu z chudoby, najlep\u0161\u00edm rie\u0161en\u00edm je jeho za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00faci l\u00edtiov\u00fd priemysel. Dok\u00e1\u017ee sa v\u0161ak vyhn\u00fa\u0165 zneu\u017eitiu, ako to u\u017e bolo mnohokr\u00e1t predt\u00fdm? Evo Morales, socialistick\u00fd prezident, ktor\u00fd Bol\u00edvii vl\u00e1dol v rokoch 2006 a\u017e 2019, zak\u00e1zal zahrani\u010dn\u00fdm spolo\u010dnostiam ma\u0165 kontroln\u00fd podiel v \u0165a\u017ebe nerastov. Namiesto toho s\u013e\u00fabil, \u017ee Bol\u00edvia vytvor\u00ed vlastn\u00fd priemysel l\u00edtia<\/em>. V roku 2013, ke\u010f sa otvorila tov\u00e1re\u0148 na l\u00edtium na predmest\u00ed Rio Grande, obyvatelia boli nad\u0161en\u00ed, \u017ee ich mesto sa stalo \u201eepicentrom priemyslu bieleho zlata\u201c.<\/p>\n

Ke\u010f sa tov\u00e1re\u0148 otvorila, optimisti po\u010d\u00edtali s t\u00fdm, \u017ee l\u00edtium pom\u00f4\u017ee vtiahnu\u0165 Bol\u00edviu do modern\u00e9ho sveta, prinesie pracovn\u00e9 miesta a rozvinie regi\u00f3n. Mno\u017estvo rod\u00edn v Rio Grande vytvorilo dru\u017estvo, ktor\u00e9 kupovalo n\u00e1kladn\u00e9 aut\u00e1 v o\u010dak\u00e1van\u00ed bezprostredn\u00e9ho boomu l\u00edtia. Mysleli si, \u017ee bud\u00fa prev\u00e1\u017ea\u0165 aj in\u00fd tovar ako l\u00edtium z ne\u010falek\u00fdch bauxitov\u00fdch a ulexitov\u00fdch ban\u00ed.<\/p>\n

V Rio Grande nastal mini-stavebn\u00fd boom. Vyr\u00e1stli nov\u00e9 domy, modern\u00e1 radnica s ve\u013ek\u00fdmi oknami, \u0161kola s n\u00e1zvom New Dawn a futbalov\u00fd \u0161tadi\u00f3n zn\u00e1my ako koloseum. Miestn\u00fd komunista Al\u00ed postavil na ru\u0161nom rohu dvojposchodov\u00fd hotel a nazval ho Hotel Lithium. Otvoril si aj obchod, aby sa jeho bud\u00faci hostia mohli z\u00e1sobi\u0165 ob\u010derstven\u00edm.<\/p>\n

Uk\u00e1zalo sa v\u0161ak, \u017ee premena l\u00edtia na zlato je n\u00e1ro\u010dnej\u0161ia, ne\u017e ktoko\u013evek o\u010dak\u00e1val. Zahrani\u010dn\u00ed obchodn\u00edci, ktor\u00fdch Al\u00ed o\u010dak\u00e1val, \u017ee zaplavia Rio Grande, e\u0161te nepri\u0161li; tov\u00e1re\u0148 vyrobila v roku 2021 neuverite\u013en\u00fdch 600 ton uhli\u010ditanu l\u00edtneho (naproti tomu \u010cile a Argent\u00edna vyrobili 134 000 a 36 000 ton). \u0164a\u017eba l\u00edtia je zlo\u017eit\u00e1, najm\u00e4 v Bol\u00edvii, kv\u00f4li vysok\u00e9mu obsahu hor\u010d\u00edka v so\u013eanke a \u010do je d\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161ie, kv\u00f4li nedostatku miestneho know-how.<\/p>\n

To je jeden z d\u00f4vodov, pre\u010do sa pracovn\u00e9 miesta v ktor\u00e9 miestni obyvatelia d\u00fafali, nezrealizovali. Natalio Cayo, b\u00fdval\u00fd starosta obce Chuvica ne\u010faleko so\u013enej pl\u00e1ne, mi povedal, \u017ee v roku 2020 ho vl\u00e1da po\u017eiadala, aby zostavil zoznam dedin\u010danov, ktor\u00ed by boli vhodn\u00ed na pr\u00e1cu v tov\u00e1rni. \u013dud\u00ed, ktor\u00fdch odporu\u010dil, e\u0161te nebolo mo\u017en\u00e9 kontaktova\u0165. Cayo hovor\u00ed, \u017ee je naivn\u00e9 predpoklada\u0165, \u017ee l\u00edtium poskytne pr\u00e1cu mnoh\u00fdm miestnym obyvate\u013eom. V posledn\u00fdch rokoch polovica \u013eud\u00ed z jeho dediny odi\u0161la h\u013eada\u0165 pr\u00e1cu; na pra\u0161n\u00fdch uliciach rastie burina z pukl\u00edn opusten\u00fdch \u00e1ut.<\/p>\n

V Rio Grande sa pl\u00e1nuje v\u00fdstavba novej strednej \u0161koly, ktor\u00e1 sa \u0161pecializuje na ch\u00e9miu v n\u00e1deji, \u017ee vy\u0161kol\u00ed nov\u00fa gener\u00e1ciu pre pr\u00e1cu v l\u00edtiovom priemysle. Jedn\u00e9ho r\u00e1na na Novom \u00fasvite, ke\u010f deti kopali futbal na bet\u00f3novom ihrisku, sa rozpr\u00e1vali s Aliho bratrancom Jonasom, vodi\u010dom kami\u00f3nu a ved\u00facim odboru rodi\u010dov. R\u00e1d si predstavuje svojich dvoch mal\u00fdch synov v bielych laborat\u00f3rnych pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165och. “Nikdy som nemal \u0161ancu z\u00edska\u0165 vzdelanie,” hovor\u00ed a pon\u00e1h\u013ea sa odviez\u0165 svoje n\u00e1kladn\u00e9 auto do ulexitovej bane, kde sa dopo\u010dul, \u017ee je pripraven\u00fd n\u00e1klad.<\/p>\n

Je arogantn\u00e9 predpoklada\u0165, \u017ee sami dok\u00e1\u017eeme industrializova\u0165 l\u00edtium od nuly\u201c<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Vybudovanie pracovnej sily so spr\u00e1vnymi zru\u010dnos\u0165ami v\u0161ak potrv\u00e1 ist\u00fd \u010das, \u010do uzn\u00e1va aj Luis Arce, prezident Bol\u00edvie od roku 2020. Na rozdiel od Moralesa, svojho predchodcu, chce Arce budova\u0165 partnerstv\u00e1 so zahrani\u010dn\u00fdmi spolo\u010dnos\u0165ami, ktor\u00e9 by mohli pom\u00f4c\u0165 pri v\u00fdvoji technol\u00f3gie na ur\u00fdchlenie v\u00fdroby. <\/p>\n

Donny Al\u00ed, podobne ako mnoh\u00ed v Rio Grande, pri\u0161iel k my\u0161lienke zahrani\u010dn\u00fdch invest\u00edci\u00ed<\/em>. \u201eJe arogantn\u00e9 predpoklada\u0165, \u017ee sami dok\u00e1\u017eeme industrializova\u0165 l\u00edtium od nuly,\u201c hovor\u00ed.<\/p>\n

V roku 2021 sa pres\u0165ahoval do La Paz, aby pracoval na politike l\u00edtia pre n\u00e1rodn\u00e9 ministerstvo energetiky v La Paz po tom, \u010do vl\u00e1da ust\u00fapila miestnym po\u017eiadavk\u00e1m na hlas vo feder\u00e1lnej vl\u00e1de. Ale len o rok nesk\u00f4r skon\u010dil a pres\u0165ahoval sa sp\u00e4\u0165 do Rio Grande, frustrovan\u00fd nedostatkom pokroku. Na\u010falej sa ob\u00e1va, \u017ee Bol\u00edvia by mohla zopakova\u0165 chyby z minulosti. Ver\u00ed, \u017ee miestne komunity musia by\u0165 konzultovan\u00e9 sk\u00f4r, ako sa podp\u00ed\u0161u ak\u00e9ko\u013evek dohody, a \u017ee si zasl\u00fa\u017eia spravodliv\u00fd podiel z licen\u010dn\u00fdch poplatkov.<\/p>\n

Medzit\u00fdm je jeho Lithium Hotel pr\u00e1zdny.<\/p>\n

\n

Tak\u00ed oddan\u00ed Leninsk\u00ed komunisti Bol\u00edvie, \u017ee vraj U\u010di\u0165 sa, U\u010di\u0165 sa, ale komunistick\u00e1 vl\u00e1da NIE, sranda al\u00e1 Bl\u00e1ha. Mo\u017eno \u010dakaj\u00fa k\u00fdm pr\u00eddu rusk\u00ed komunisti od KGB\u00e1ka.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie svetov\u00e9 lo\u017eisk\u00e1 l\u00edtia sa nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa v Bol\u00edvii v regi\u00f3ne Potosi. Chudoba Potos\u00ed je o to n\u00e1padnej\u0161ia, \u017ee sa v \u0148om nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa suroviny \u013eahk\u00e9ho, prchav\u00e9ho kovu pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9ho na bat\u00e9rie v smartf\u00f3noch, po\u010d\u00edta\u010doch a elektrick\u00fdch vozidl\u00e1ch. Miner\u00e1l bol objaven\u00fd v so\u013enej planine Uyuni v 70. rokoch 20. storo\u010dia, ale je \u010doraz viac vyh\u013ead\u00e1van\u00fd, ke\u010f\u017ee \u013eudia smeruj\u00fa […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-25637","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-exo-news"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25637","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=25637"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25637\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25637"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=25637"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=25637"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}