S\u00fa va\u0161e peniaze v bezpe\u010d\u00ed v americk\u00fdch bank\u00e1ch? V norm\u00e1lnych \u010dasoch o tom \u013eudia v\u00f4bec nerozm\u00fd\u0161\u013eaj\u00fa: vlo\u017eia svoje peniaze do banky a veria, \u017ee s\u00fa bezpe\u010dn\u00e9. Ale raz za \u010das tou vierou otrasie kr\u00edza. Jedn\u00fdm z tak\u00fdchto momentov bol p\u00e1d troch stredne ve\u013ek\u00fdch b\u00e1nk v Amerike za posledn\u00fd mesiac. Sporitelia presunuli svoju hotovos\u0165 do v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edch b\u00e1nk; vl\u00e1da sa sna\u017eila ich upokoji\u0165. <\/p>\n
V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina \u013eud\u00ed sa nem\u00e1 \u010doho b\u00e1\u0165: pokia\u013e maj\u00fa ich \u00fa\u010dty poistenie vkladov, ich peniaze s\u00fa zaru\u010den\u00e9, aj ke\u010f ich banka skrachuje. Ale asi 40 % vkladov pod\u013ea hodnoty nie je poisten\u00fdch, preto\u017ee presahuj\u00fa 250 000 dol\u00e1rov, ktor\u00e9 vl\u00e1da garantuje. Niektor\u00ed pozorovatelia tvrdia, \u017ee vl\u00e1da by mala zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 tento strop alebo dokonca roz\u0161\u00edri\u0165 poistenie na v\u0161etky americk\u00e9 be\u017en\u00e9 a sporiace \u00fa\u010dty. Ako funguje poistenie vkladov a malo by sa roz\u0161\u00edri\u0165?<\/p>\n
V 19. storo\u010d\u00ed boli bankroty b\u00e1nk be\u017enou \u010drtou americk\u00e9ho ekonomick\u00e9ho prostredia. Ke\u010f sa zdalo, \u017ee banka m\u00e1 probl\u00e9my, racion\u00e1lnym krokom pre z\u00e1kazn\u00edkov bol v\u00fdber hotovosti. Preto\u017ee \u017eiadna in\u0161tit\u00facia nemohla pre\u017ei\u0165 pr\u00edval v\u00fdberov, krach b\u00e1nk sa stal sebanapl\u0148uj\u00facim sa proroctvom. Nakoniec, po\u010das Ve\u013ekej hospod\u00e1rskej kr\u00edzy, Kongres vytvoril Feder\u00e1lnu spolo\u010dnos\u0165 pre poistenie vkladov ( fdic ), ktor\u00e1 pokr\u00fdvala vklady do 2 500 USD. V\u00fdsledky boli okam\u017eit\u00e9: v roku 1934, ke\u010f poistenie vst\u00fapilo do platnosti, zlyhalo iba dev\u00e4\u0165 b\u00e1nk. <\/p>\n
V predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facich \u0161tyroch rokoch sa ich zr\u00fatilo asi 9 000.<\/p>\n
Horn\u00e1 hranica poistn\u00e9ho krytia sa neust\u00e1le zvy\u0161uje. V roku 2008, po\u010das glob\u00e1lnej finan\u010dnej kr\u00edzy, Kongres zv\u00fd\u0161il limit zo 100 000 USD na 250 000 USD, kde je dnes. Pre ve\u013ek\u00fa v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inu Ameri\u010danov to sta\u010d\u00ed. Niektor\u00e9 podnikate\u013esk\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dty v\u0161ak tento limit prekra\u010duj\u00fa \u2013 napr\u00edklad na vypl\u00e1canie mesa\u010dn\u00fdch miezd. Rovnako aj niektor\u00ed jednotlivci. Rovnako ako sporitelia v 30. rokoch 20. storo\u010dia maj\u00fa motiv\u00e1ciu pres\u00fava\u0165 prostriedky inam, ak ich banka vyzer\u00e1 vratko.<\/p>\n
Jedn\u00fdm z rie\u0161en\u00ed by bolo e\u0161te viac zdvihn\u00fa\u0165 uz\u00e1ver na poistenie alebo ho mo\u017eno odstr\u00e1ni\u0165. In\u00e9 krajiny to urobili do\u010dasne, vr\u00e1tane \u00cdrska po\u010das glob\u00e1lnej finan\u010dnej kr\u00edzy. Trval\u00e9 zv\u00fd\u0161enie by si v\u0161ak vy\u017eadovalo, aby banky platili viac do poistn\u00e9ho fondu spravovan\u00e9ho fdic . Fond m\u00e1 v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti pribli\u017ene 130 mili\u00e1rd dol\u00e1rov, \u010do je dos\u0165 na pokrytie iba 0,7 % celkov\u00fdch bankov\u00fdch vkladov v Amerike. V praxi, ke\u010f sa banka zr\u00fati, fdic nad \u0148ou prevezme kontrolu a m\u00f4\u017ee z\u00edska\u0165 sp\u00e4\u0165 hodnotu z jej akt\u00edv, \u010do vytv\u00e1ra rezervu pre fond. Ale aj napriek tomu by bolo plo\u0161n\u00e9 krytie ve\u013emi n\u00e1kladn\u00e9 a mo\u017eno by si vy\u017eadovalo dodato\u010dn\u00e9 financovanie zo strany \u0161t\u00e1tnej pokladnice.<\/p>\n
Kritici sa tie\u017e ob\u00e1vaj\u00fa, \u017ee neobmedzen\u00e9 poistenie by naru\u0161ilo finan\u010dn\u00fa discipl\u00ednu, preto\u017ee banky by mohli viac riskova\u0165 s vedom\u00edm, \u017ee ich klienti neute\u010d\u00fa. Republik\u00e1nski z\u00e1konodarcovia boli obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 znepokojen\u00ed t\u00fdmto nebezpe\u010denstvom \u201emor\u00e1lneho hazardu\u201c. Z\u00e1stancovia neobmedzen\u00e9ho poistenia kon\u0161tatuj\u00fa, \u017ee probl\u00e9m m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 prehnan\u00fd. Plo\u0161n\u00e9 pokrytie by mohlo by\u0165 spojen\u00e9 s pr\u00edsnej\u0161\u00edmi pravidlami fungovania b\u00e1nk. Navy\u0161e, banky by aj tak skrachovali, keby robili prehnit\u00e9 obchodn\u00e9 rozhodnutia. V tak\u00fdchto pr\u00edpadoch by boli ich akcion\u00e1ri vymazan\u00ed, aj ke\u010f s\u00fa ich vkladatelia chr\u00e1nen\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Napriek tomu v posledn\u00fdch t\u00fd\u017ed\u0148och americk\u00ed predstavitelia zaviedli de facto roz\u0161\u00edrenie poistenia vkladov. Vyhl\u00e1sen\u00edm \u201ev\u00fdnimky zo syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho rizika\u201c pre krachuj\u00facu banku m\u00f4\u017ee ministerstvo financi\u00ed s podporou FDIC a Feder\u00e1lneho rezervn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu zaru\u010di\u0165 v\u0161etky svoje vklady. Janet Yellen, ministerka financi\u00ed, to urobila pre Silicon Valley Bank a Signature Bank, dve z t\u00fdch, ktor\u00e9 zasiahli ned\u00e1vne v\u00fdbery. Navrhla, aby vkladatelia v in\u00fdch krachuj\u00facich stredne ve\u013ek\u00fdch bank\u00e1ch mohli po\u010d\u00edta\u0165 s rovnakou podporou.<\/p>\n
Ale tie\u017e povedala, \u017ee Bidenova administrat\u00edva sa nesna\u017e\u00ed o form\u00e1lne zv\u00fd\u0161enie poistn\u00e9ho krytia. <\/p>\n
Krut\u00e1 politick\u00e1 bitka bez z\u00e1ruky v\u00ed\u0165azstva by riskovala podkopanie d\u00f4very v bankov\u00fd syst\u00e9m, ktor\u00fd m\u00e1 poistenie vkladov podporova\u0165. <\/p>\n
S\u00fa teda va\u0161e peniaze v americk\u00fdch bank\u00e1ch v bezpe\u010d\u00ed? Takmer ur\u010dite \u2013 ale ove\u013ea lep\u0161ie by bolo vyhn\u00fa\u0165 sa masovej panike, ktor\u00e1 testuje schopnos\u0165 vl\u00e1dy urobi\u0165 v\u0161etk\u00fdch spokojn\u00fdch.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
S\u00fa va\u0161e peniaze v bezpe\u010d\u00ed v americk\u00fdch bank\u00e1ch? V norm\u00e1lnych \u010dasoch o tom \u013eudia v\u00f4bec nerozm\u00fd\u0161\u013eaj\u00fa: vlo\u017eia svoje peniaze do banky a veria, \u017ee s\u00fa bezpe\u010dn\u00e9. Ale raz za \u010das tou vierou otrasie kr\u00edza. Jedn\u00fdm z tak\u00fdchto momentov bol p\u00e1d troch stredne ve\u013ek\u00fdch b\u00e1nk v Amerike za posledn\u00fd mesiac. Sporitelia presunuli svoju hotovos\u0165 do v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edch […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-28354","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-exo-news"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28354","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=28354"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28354\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=28354"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=28354"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=28354"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}