G\u00f6kt\u00fcrkovia, starovek\u00fd turkick\u00fd kme\u0148, zohrali k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fa \u00falohu pri formovan\u00ed turkickej identity a zalo\u017een\u00ed turkick\u00fdch r\u00ed\u0161 v Strednej \u00c1zii. Objavili ako nom\u00e1dsky kme\u0148 v rozsiahlych euro\u00e1zijsk\u00fdch stepiach po\u010das 6. storo\u010dia n\u00e1\u0161ho letopo\u010dtu. Ich meno, ktor\u00e9 v preklade znamen\u00e1 \u201eNebesk\u00ed Turci\u201c alebo \u201eModr\u00ed Turci\u201c, odr\u00e1\u017ea ich spojenie s nebeskou r\u00ed\u0161ou a ich turkick\u00fa identitu. G\u00f6kt\u00fcrkovia boli zru\u010dn\u00ed jazdci, zbehl\u00ed v pre\u017eit\u00ed v n\u00e1ro\u010dnom stepnom prostred\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Pod veden\u00edm svojich ran\u00fdch ch\u00e1nov (n\u00e1\u010deln\u00edkov) G\u00f6kt\u00fcrkovia postupne roz\u0161irovali svoj vplyv a zjednocovali r\u00f4zne turkick\u00e9 kmene do jednej konfeder\u00e1cie. T\u00e1to konfeder\u00e1cia im umo\u017enila upevni\u0165 svoju moc a vytvori\u0165 v regi\u00f3ne impozantn\u00fa silu. Ich konfedera\u010dn\u00fd syst\u00e9m sa vyzna\u010doval hierarchickou \u0161trukt\u00farou, pri\u010dom ch\u00e1ni boli na vrchole a podriaden\u00ed kme\u0148ov\u00ed vodcovia prispievali k vl\u00e1de a vojensk\u00fdm kampaniam.<\/p>\n
Prv\u00fdm prominentn\u00fdm g\u00f6kt\u00fcrkovsk\u00fdm ch\u00e1nom bol Bumin ch\u00e1n, ktor\u00fd \u00faspe\u0161ne zjednotil turkick\u00e9 kmene a v roku 552 zalo\u017eil prv\u00fd g\u00f6kt\u00fcrkovsk\u00fd kagan\u00e1t. Bumin Khan a jeho n\u00e1stupcovia, najm\u00e4 jeho syn \u0130stemi Yabgu a jeho vnuk Tardu, roz\u0161\u00edrili \u00fazemia kagan\u00e1tu prostredn\u00edctvom vojensk\u00fdch \u0165a\u017een\u00ed proti susedn\u00fdm r\u00ed\u0161am, ako je Rouransk\u00fd kagan\u00e1t a Sasansk\u00e1 r\u00ed\u0161a.<\/p>\n
Za vl\u00e1dy Tarduovho syna Khagana Muhana G\u00f6kt\u00fcrkovia dosiahli zenit svojej moci. Ovl\u00e1dali rozsiahle \u00fazemia vr\u00e1tane \u010dast\u00ed Strednej \u00c1zie, Mongolska, Sib\u00edri a Sin-\u0165iangu. G\u00f6kt\u00fcrkovia nadviazali siln\u00e9 diplomatick\u00e9 vz\u0165ahy s \u010d\u00ednskou dynastiou Sui, ktor\u00e1 uznala ich autoritu a zapojila sa do obchodn\u00fdch a diplomatick\u00fdch v\u00fdmen.<\/p>\n
Jedn\u00fdm z v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch pr\u00ednosov G\u00f6kt\u00fcrkov bol v\u00fdvoj starotureck\u00e9ho p\u00edsma, starovek\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu p\u00edsania pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9ho na zaznamen\u00e1vanie turkick\u00fdch jazykov. Orchonsk\u00e9 n\u00e1pisy poch\u00e1dzaj\u00face z 8. storo\u010dia poskytuj\u00fa cenn\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie o kult\u00fare, n\u00e1bo\u017eenstve a hist\u00f3rii G\u00f6kt\u00fcrkov. Scen\u00e1r zohral k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fa \u00falohu pri zachov\u00e1van\u00ed a \u0161\u00edren\u00ed turkick\u00fdch trad\u00edci\u00ed a literat\u00fary.<\/p>\n
Jednota G\u00f6kt\u00fcrkov sa za\u010dala l\u00e1ma\u0165 koncom 6. storo\u010dia kv\u00f4li vn\u00fatorn\u00fdm konfliktom a bojom o moc. G\u00f6kt\u00fcrkovsk\u00fd kagan\u00e1t sa rozdelil na v\u00fdchodn\u00fd a z\u00e1padn\u00fd kagan\u00e1t, pri\u010dom medzi nimi doch\u00e1dzalo k \u010dast\u00fdm stretom a pres\u00favaniu spojenectiev. Napriek t\u00fdmto vn\u00fatorn\u00fdm rozdeleniam si G\u00f6kt\u00fcrkovia na\u010falej uplat\u0148ovali vplyv v regi\u00f3ne, najm\u00e4 prostredn\u00edctvom interakci\u00ed s \u010d\u00ednskou dynastiou Tang.<\/p>\n
G\u00f6kt\u00fcrksk\u00fd kagan\u00e1t \u010delil v\u00fdznamnej rane v roku 630, ke\u010f Tang China zorganizoval \u00faspe\u0161n\u00fa vojensk\u00fa kampa\u0148 proti v\u00fdchodn\u00e9mu kagan\u00e1tu, \u010do viedlo k jeho rozpadu. Z\u00e1padn\u00e9mu kagan\u00e1tu sa podarilo pre\u017ei\u0165 e\u0161te nieko\u013eko desa\u0165ro\u010d\u00ed, k\u00fdm pod\u013eahol vonkaj\u0161\u00edm tlakom a vn\u00fatorn\u00e9mu s\u00fapereniu a nakoniec ust\u00fapil in\u00fdm turkick\u00fdm dynasti\u00e1m, ako s\u00fa Ujguri a Chazari.<\/p>\n
Hoci politick\u00e1 dominancia G\u00f6kt\u00fcrkov upadla, ich odkaz \u017eil \u010falej. Ich \u00falohu v turkickej hist\u00f3rii, ich pr\u00ednos k turkick\u00e9mu jazykov\u00e9mu a kult\u00farnemu dedi\u010dstvu a ich vplyv na n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 turkick\u00e9 r\u00ed\u0161e nemo\u017eno podce\u0148ova\u0165. G\u00f6kt\u00fcrkovia polo\u017eili z\u00e1klady vzostupu turkick\u00fdch n\u00e1rodov ako v\u00fdznamnej sily v Strednej \u00c1zii, ktor\u00e1 formovala beh dej\u00edn v regi\u00f3ne.<\/p>\n
Z\u00e1verom mo\u017eno poveda\u0165, \u017ee G\u00f6kt\u00fcrkovia boli nom\u00e1dsky turkick\u00fd kme\u0148, ktor\u00fd sa v 6. storo\u010d\u00ed n\u00e1\u0161ho letopo\u010dtu objavil ako siln\u00e1 konfeder\u00e1cia. Ich \u00faspechy v zjednocovan\u00ed turkick\u00fdch kme\u0148ov, roz\u0161irovan\u00ed ich \u00fazem\u00ed a rozv\u00edjan\u00ed starotureck\u00e9ho p\u00edsma zanechali nezmazate\u013en\u00fa stopu v hist\u00f3rii a kult\u00fare Turkov. Vzostup a p\u00e1d G\u00f6kt\u00fcrkov vydl\u00e1\u017edil cestu pre n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 turkick\u00e9 r\u00ed\u0161e a zohral k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fa \u00falohu pri formovan\u00ed turkickej identity v Strednej \u00c1zii a mimo nej.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
G\u00f6kt\u00fcrkovia, starovek\u00fd turkick\u00fd kme\u0148, zohrali k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fa \u00falohu pri formovan\u00ed turkickej identity a zalo\u017een\u00ed turkick\u00fdch r\u00ed\u0161 v Strednej \u00c1zii. Objavili ako nom\u00e1dsky kme\u0148 v rozsiahlych euro\u00e1zijsk\u00fdch stepiach po\u010das 6. storo\u010dia n\u00e1\u0161ho letopo\u010dtu. Ich meno, ktor\u00e9 v preklade znamen\u00e1 \u201eNebesk\u00ed Turci\u201c alebo \u201eModr\u00ed Turci\u201c, odr\u00e1\u017ea ich spojenie s nebeskou r\u00ed\u0161ou a ich turkick\u00fa identitu. G\u00f6kt\u00fcrkovia boli zru\u010dn\u00ed […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-28748","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-historia-anatolij-fomenko"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28748","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=28748"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28748\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=28748"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=28748"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=28748"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}