{"id":29021,"date":"2023-09-01T14:03:05","date_gmt":"2023-09-01T14:03:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/?p=29021"},"modified":"2023-09-01T14:03:05","modified_gmt":"2023-09-01T14:03:05","slug":"holandske-kontroly-exportu-cipovych-strojov-nadobudnu-ucinnost","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/holandske-kontroly-exportu-cipovych-strojov-nadobudnu-ucinnost\/","title":{"rendered":"Holandsk\u00e9 kontroly exportu \u010dipov\u00fdch strojov nadobudn\u00fa \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165"},"content":{"rendered":"

Holandsk\u00e9 kontroly exportu \u010dipov\u00fdch n\u00e1strojov nadobudn\u00fa \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165. \u010c\u00ednski v\u00fdrobcovia sa pon\u00e1h\u013eaj\u00fa s n\u00e1kupom zariaden\u00ed pred nov\u00fdmi pravidlami. Holandsko sa pripojilo k USA a Japonsku v zav\u00e1dzan\u00ed kontrol exportu na \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje na v\u00fdrobu triesok s nov\u00fdmi pravidlami ude\u013eovania licenci\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 vst\u00fapia do platnosti v piatok 1. 9. 2023.<\/p>\n

\"Holandsk\u00e9
\nMont\u00e1\u017eny in\u017einier pracuje 16. j\u00fana na litografickom syst\u00e9me DUV v ASML vo Veldhovene v Holandsku. Spolo\u010dnos\u0165 bude od 1. septembra 2023 potrebova\u0165 licenciu na v\u00fdvoz ur\u010dit\u00fdch pokrokov\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed. Holandsk\u00e1 spolo\u010dnos\u0165 ASML, svetovo najhodnotnej\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdrobca tak\u00fdchto zariaden\u00ed, tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee tento rok bude m\u00f4c\u0165 pokra\u010dova\u0165 v dod\u00e1vkach niektor\u00fdch modern\u00fdch strojov, ale od 1. janu\u00e1ra \u201eje nepravdepodobn\u00e9, \u017ee dostaneme v\u00fdvozn\u00e9 licencie na tieto syst\u00e9my na prepravu do dom\u00e1ci \u010d\u00ednski z\u00e1kazn\u00edci\u201c.<\/p>\n

Hoci holandsk\u00e9 predpisy nespom\u00ednaj\u00fa \u010c\u00ednu pod\u013ea mena, \u010d\u00ednski v\u00fdrobcovia \u010dipov sa pon\u00e1h\u013eaj\u00fa s n\u00e1kupom \u017eivotne d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed sk\u00f4r, ako pravidl\u00e1 nadobudn\u00fa \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165, uviedli zdroje informovan\u00e9 o tejto z\u00e1le\u017eitosti. \u010c\u00ednsky dovoz tak\u00fdchto n\u00e1strojov z Holandska v tomto roku u\u017e prekonal s\u00fa\u010det za cel\u00fd rok 2022, pod\u013ea ofici\u00e1lnych coln\u00fdch \u00fadajov.<\/p>\n

Tu s\u00fa \u0161tyri veci, ktor\u00e9 by ste mali vedie\u0165 o nov\u00fdch pravidl\u00e1ch Holandska.<\/p>\n

Na ak\u00fd typ zariadenia sa pravidl\u00e1 vz\u0165ahuj\u00fa?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Predpisy pokr\u00fdvaj\u00fa mal\u00fd rozsah extr\u00e9mne pokro\u010dil\u00fdch n\u00e1strojov pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch na procesy v\u00fdroby \u010dipov zn\u00e1mych ako ponorn\u00e1 hlbok\u00e1 ultrafialov\u00e1 (DUV) litografia a nan\u00e1\u0161anie at\u00f3movej vrstvy (ALD).<\/p>\n

Litografia sa vz\u0165ahuje na premietanie a tla\u010d n\u00e1vrhov obvodov na do\u0161ti\u010dky. DUV litografick\u00e9 stroje s\u00fa nevyhnutn\u00e9 na v\u00fdrobu v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iny \u010dipov pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch vo v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ine elektronick\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed, vr\u00e1tane pam\u00e4\u0165ov\u00fdch \u010dipov, procesorov a senzorov.<\/p>\n

Iba holandsk\u00e1 spolo\u010dnos\u0165 ASML a Nikon z Japonska vyr\u00e1baj\u00fa ponorn\u00e9 DUV n\u00e1stroje potrebn\u00e9 na v\u00fdrobu 7-nanometrov\u00fdch \u010dipov. Ide o najpokro\u010dilej\u0161\u00ed proces v\u00fdroby \u010dipov, ktor\u00fd je moment\u00e1lne schopn\u00fd \u010d\u00ednsky l\u00edder, spolo\u010dnos\u0165 Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corp. Medzin\u00e1rodn\u00ed rivali s\u00fa o nieko\u013eko gener\u00e1ci\u00ed pred t\u00fdmto.<\/p>\n

ASML uviedla, \u017ee jej najpokrokovej\u0161ie zariadenia na DUV spadaj\u00fa pod rozsah nov\u00fdch pravidiel, ale jej be\u017en\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje DUV nie. Spolo\u010dnosti je od roku 2019 zak\u00e1zan\u00e9 vyv\u00e1\u017ea\u0165 svoje e\u0161te najmodernej\u0161ie EUV (extr\u00e9mne ultrafialov\u00e9) litografick\u00e9 stroje do \u010c\u00edny.<\/p>\n

ALD medzit\u00fdm zah\u0155\u0148a nan\u00e1\u0161anie r\u00f4znych materi\u00e1lov na do\u0161ti\u010dky, aby sa vytvorili extr\u00e9mne jemn\u00e9 vrstvy \u010dipov. ASM International, \u010fal\u0161ia spolo\u010dnos\u0165 so s\u00eddlom v Holandsku, je glob\u00e1lnym l\u00eddrom v tak\u00fdchto zariadeniach.<\/p>\n

Pre\u010do Holandsko zaviedlo tieto pravidl\u00e1?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Holandsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee ide o bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 krajiny.<\/p>\n

“Tento krok sme urobili z d\u00f4vodov n\u00e1rodnej bezpe\u010dnosti,” povedala o nov\u00fdch pravidl\u00e1ch Liesje Schreinemacher, ministerka zahrani\u010dn\u00e9ho obchodu a rozvojovej spolupr\u00e1ce. Technol\u00f3gie \u0161pecifikovan\u00e9 v pravidl\u00e1ch m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 pou\u017eit\u00e9 v pokro\u010dil\u00fdch vojensk\u00fdch aplik\u00e1ci\u00e1ch a ich nekontrolovan\u00fd export predstavuje pod\u013ea vl\u00e1dy mo\u017en\u00e9 n\u00e1rodn\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnostn\u00e9 rizik\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Tento krok v\u0161ak nasleduje po tlaku USA na Holandsko a Japonsko, aby odrezali \u010c\u00ednu od najpokro\u010dilej\u0161ej technol\u00f3gie v\u00fdroby \u010dipov. Tri krajiny, ktor\u00e9 spolu dominuj\u00fa na svetovom trhu s tak\u00fdmito n\u00e1strojmi, dosiahli v tejto ot\u00e1zke dohodu v janu\u00e1ri.<\/p>\n

Tokio v j\u00fali zaviedlo svoje vlastn\u00e9 pr\u00edsnej\u0161ie kontroly.<\/p>\n

Ako reagovala \u010d\u00ednska vl\u00e1da?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u010c\u00edna vyjadrila svoj nes\u00fahlas s pl\u00e1nom Holandska spr\u00edsni\u0165 kontroly v\u00fdvozu, ke\u010f to bolo ozn\u00e1men\u00e9 v marci. Peking si v\u0161ak \u0161etril svoje najtvrd\u0161ie slov\u00e1 na adresu USA, ktor\u00e9 obvi\u0148uje zo siln\u00fdch spojencov, aby nasledovali jeho pr\u00edklad pri v\u00fdvoze technol\u00f3gi\u00ed.<\/p>\n

V j\u00fali, len nieko\u013eko dn\u00ed po tom, \u010do Holandsko odhalilo podrobnosti o nov\u00fdch kontrol\u00e1ch v\u00fdvozu, \u010c\u00edna zaviedla svoje vlastn\u00e9 obrubn\u00edky: krajina teraz vy\u017eaduje licencie na v\u00fdvoz g\u00e1lia a germ\u00e1nia a s\u00favisiacich chemik\u00e1li\u00ed. G\u00e1lium a germ\u00e1nium s\u00fa \u017eivotne d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 pre elektrick\u00e9 vozidl\u00e1, obnovite\u013en\u00fa energiu, polovodi\u010de a vojensk\u00e9 technol\u00f3gie a \u010c\u00edna dominuje v ich dod\u00e1vkach.<\/p>\n

\u010c\u00ednske ministerstvo zahrani\u010dn\u00fdch vec\u00ed uviedlo, \u017ee cie\u013eom pravidiel je “chr\u00e1ni\u0165 n\u00e1rodn\u00fa bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 a z\u00e1ujmy” a nie s\u00fa zameran\u00e9 na \u017eiadnu konkr\u00e9tnu krajinu.<\/p>\n

Holandsko reagovalo po\u017eiadavkou Eur\u00f3pskej \u00fanie, aby \u201erie\u0161ila \u010c\u00ednu v s\u00favislosti s t\u00fdmito opatreniami\u201c.<\/p>\n

Na strane \u010c\u00edny do\u0161lo k pr\u00edvalu objedn\u00e1vok na \u010dipov\u00e9 zariadenia z Holandska a Japonska. Zd\u00e1 sa, \u017ee objedn\u00e1vky sa t\u00fdkaj\u00fa vyspelej\u0161\u00edch \u2013 teda menej vyspel\u00fdch \u2013 zariaden\u00ed, ale m\u00f4\u017ee to by\u0165 znakom toho, \u017ee spolo\u010dnosti sa ob\u00e1vaj\u00fa mo\u017enosti \u010fal\u0161ieho spr\u00eds\u0148ovania v\u00fdvozn\u00fdch obmedzen\u00ed. Len dovoz z Holandska dosiahol za prv\u00fdch sedem mesiacov tohto roka 2,6 miliardy dol\u00e1rov, \u010do je viac ako za cel\u00fd rok 2022.<\/p>\n

ASML povedala, \u017ee si zabezpe\u010dila licencie na pokra\u010dovanie exportu v tomto roku a u\u017e predt\u00fdm uviedla, \u017ee neo\u010dak\u00e1va, \u017ee nov\u00e9 holandsk\u00e9 pravidl\u00e1 bud\u00fa ma\u0165 \u201epodstatn\u00fd vplyv\u201c na jej podnikanie v roku 2023 alebo jej vyhliadky dlhodob\u00e9ho rastu.<\/p>\n

“Holandsk\u00e9 licen\u010dn\u00e9 \u00farady vydali licencie, ktor\u00e9 potrebujeme k 1. septembru, aby sme mohli pokra\u010dova\u0165 v dod\u00e1vkach NXT:2000i a nasleduj\u00facich syst\u00e9mov v tomto roku,” uviedla ASML vo vyhl\u00e1sen\u00ed bez toho, aby spresnila, kto s\u00fa pr\u00edjemcovia t\u00fdchto z\u00e1sielok. <\/p>\n

“Pod\u013ea nov\u00fdch pravidiel kontroly exportu sme schopn\u00ed expedova\u0165 tieto syst\u00e9my do konca roka.”<\/p>\n

ASML uviedla, \u017ee od bud\u00faceho roka to bude pravdepodobne in\u00fd pr\u00edbeh.<\/p>\n

“Na\u0161i z\u00e1kazn\u00edci poznaj\u00fa nariadenia o kontrole exportu, tak\u017ee vedia, \u017ee od 1. janu\u00e1ra 2024 je nepravdepodobn\u00e9, \u017ee dostaneme v\u00fdvozn\u00e9 licencie na tieto syst\u00e9my na prepravu dom\u00e1cim \u010d\u00ednskym z\u00e1kazn\u00edkom.”<\/p>\n

Donnie Teng, analytik spolo\u010dnosti Nomura Securities, uviedol, \u017ee \u010c\u00edna bude m\u00f4c\u0165 z\u00edska\u0165 niektor\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje z Holandska napriek nov\u00fdm pravidl\u00e1m a krajina sa st\u00e1le sna\u017e\u00ed rozv\u00edja\u0165 svoje vlastn\u00e9 technol\u00f3gie a pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 viac strojov dom\u00e1cej v\u00fdroby. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 v\u0161ak povedal, \u017ee nemo\u017eno odmietnu\u0165 mo\u017enos\u0165 \u010fal\u0161\u00edch obmedzen\u00ed v\u00fdvozu.<\/p>\n

“Nie je v\u0161ak ist\u00e9, \u010di by USA mohli \u010falej zavies\u0165 nejak\u00e9 nov\u00e9 spr\u00eds\u0148uj\u00face pravidl\u00e1, ktor\u00e9 ovplyvnia Holandsko aj japonsk\u00fdch popredn\u00fdch v\u00fdrobcov \u010dipov\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed,” povedal Teng. <\/p>\n

“Nepotrebuj\u00fa len dodr\u017eiava\u0165 v\u00fdvozn\u00e9 kontroly svojich vlastn\u00fdch kraj\u00edn, ale tieto spolo\u010dnosti musia dodr\u017eiava\u0165 pravidl\u00e1 USA, preto\u017ee vo svojich strojoch st\u00e1le pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa americk\u00e9 technol\u00f3gie.”<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Holandsk\u00e9 kontroly exportu \u010dipov\u00fdch n\u00e1strojov nadobudn\u00fa \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165. \u010c\u00ednski v\u00fdrobcovia sa pon\u00e1h\u013eaj\u00fa s n\u00e1kupom zariaden\u00ed pred nov\u00fdmi pravidlami. Holandsko sa pripojilo k USA a Japonsku v zav\u00e1dzan\u00ed kontrol exportu na \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje na v\u00fdrobu triesok s nov\u00fdmi pravidlami ude\u013eovania licenci\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 vst\u00fapia do platnosti v piatok 1. 9. 2023. Mont\u00e1\u017eny in\u017einier pracuje 16. j\u00fana na litografickom […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-29021","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-exo-news"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29021","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=29021"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29021\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=29021"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=29021"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=29021"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}