Rusko Adolfa Putina nevie vyr\u00e1ba\u0165 vlastn\u00e9 zbrane bez zahrani\u010dnej technol\u00f3gie ani v roku 2023. Rusk\u00fd vojensko-priemyseln\u00fd komplex ako celok do ve\u013ekej miery z\u00e1vis\u00ed od dov\u00e1\u017ean\u00e9ho priemyseln\u00e9ho vybavenia z Nemecka, Franc\u00fazska, Japonska, Taiwanu, Talianska, \u0160v\u00e9dska, Ju\u017enej K\u00f3rey a Spojen\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1tov. \u010c\u00edm sofistikovanej\u0161\u00ed a vyspelej\u0161\u00ed syst\u00e9m zbran\u00ed, t\u00fdm viac jeho v\u00fdroba z\u00e1vis\u00ed od dov\u00e1\u017ean\u00e9ho priemyseln\u00e9ho vybavenia. <\/p>\n
V priebehu 2000 a 2010 Rusko neust\u00e1le nakupovalo zariadenia okrem in\u00e9ho od spolo\u010dnost\u00ed Siemens, Fanuc, Mycronic, Akira Seiki, Mazatrol a Delta Electronics. Od inv\u00e1zie Moskvy na Ukrajinu v roku 2022 a n\u00e1sledn\u00fdch z\u00e1padn\u00fdch sankci\u00ed bola schopnos\u0165 Krem\u013ea z\u00edskava\u0165 kritick\u00e9 \u010dasti na v\u00fdrobu obrany z tradi\u010dn\u00fdch zdrojov v\u00e1\u017ene obmedzen\u00e1. V d\u00f4sledku toho sa Rusko \u010doraz viac obracia na alternat\u00edvne zdroje kritick\u00fdch \u010dast\u00ed a n\u00e1strojov strojov v n\u00e1deji, \u017ee zv\u00fd\u0161i rast\u00face deficity.<\/p>\n
Rusk\u00e1 vojna proti Ukrajine viedla k neust\u00e1lemu n\u00e1rastu dov\u00e1\u017ean\u00fdch obr\u00e1bac\u00edch strojov. V roku 2022 bol podiel dov\u00e1\u017ean\u00fdch obr\u00e1bac\u00edch strojov v priemysle v\u00fdroby \u0165a\u017ek\u00fdch strojov, ktor\u00fd zah\u0155\u0148a v\u00fdrobu zbran\u00ed, medzi 60 a 80 percentami, a podiel na dom\u00e1cej v\u00fdrobe obr\u00e1bac\u00edch strojov prekro\u010dil 90 percent. <\/p>\n
V roku 2023 sa podiel dov\u00e1\u017ean\u00fdch obr\u00e1bac\u00edch strojov vo v\u0161etk\u00fdch rusk\u00fdch odvetviach odhadoval na 75 a\u017e 92 percent<\/p><\/blockquote>\n
Dovoz obr\u00e1bac\u00edch strojov z \u010c\u00edny, 43,25% v roku 2022 v porovnan\u00ed s 11% v roku 2021 a Taiwan, 15,45% v roku 2022 v porovnan\u00ed s pribli\u017ene 10% v roku 2021, v\u00fdrazne vzr\u00e1stol. Tento dovoz v\u0161ak nem\u00f4\u017ee \u00faplne nahradi\u0165 modern\u00e9 priemyseln\u00e9 zariadenia, ktor\u00e9 boli predt\u00fdm dovezen\u00e9 zo Spojen\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1tov, Eur\u00f3py a Japonska. Celkov\u00fd dovoz rusk\u00e9ho obr\u00e1bacieho stroja na obr\u00e1banie kovov bol v roku 2021 navy\u0161e 11 433 kusov v hodnote $ 816,8 mili\u00f3na a v roku 2022 klesol na 9 074 kusov v hodnote $ 574,1 mili\u00f3na. <\/p>\n
Z\u00e1padn\u00e9 sankcie boli zameran\u00e9 na \u010fal\u0161ie zabr\u00e1nenie pr\u00edstupu Ruska k pokro\u010dil\u00fdm priemyseln\u00fdm zariadeniam (vr\u00e1tane \u010dast\u00ed elektrick\u00fdch motorov), softv\u00e9ru a \u0161peci\u00e1lnym chladi\u010dom.<\/p>\n
Bez t\u00fdchto dod\u00e1vok by nebolo mo\u017en\u00e9 zachova\u0165 s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9 spektrum pokro\u010dil\u00fdch rusk\u00fdch vojensk\u00fdch v\u00fdskumn\u00fdch a v\u00fdvojov\u00fdch programov a v\u00fdroby zbran\u00ed. Rusk\u00e9 subjekty, ktor\u00e9 vyr\u00e1baj\u00fa modern\u00e9 priemyseln\u00e9 zariadenia \u2014 vr\u00e1tane Mekhanika Holding, STAN, Kovrov Electromechanical Plant a Perm Metalworking Tools, z\u00e1visia od syst\u00e9mov velenia a riadenia, elektrick\u00fdch motorov, a \u010fal\u0161ie k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 komponenty, ktor\u00e9 predt\u00fdm dod\u00e1vali americk\u00e9, eur\u00f3pske a \u00e1zijsk\u00e9 spolo\u010dnosti. <\/p>\n
\u00dasilie o zlep\u0161enie v\u00fdrobn\u00fdch probl\u00e9mov prostredn\u00edctvom reverzn\u00e9ho in\u017einierstva Z\u00e1padn\u00e9 obr\u00e1bacie stroje z\u00e1pasili kv\u00f4li v\u00e1\u017enemu deficitu \u013eudsk\u00e9ho kapit\u00e1lu a potrebn\u00fdm technol\u00f3gi\u00e1m. Dom\u00e1ca v\u00fdroba pokro\u010dil\u00fdch obr\u00e1bac\u00edch strojov v Rusku rastie, aj ke\u010f st\u00e1le nesta\u010d\u00ed \u00faplne nahradi\u0165 dov\u00e1\u017ean\u00e9 priemyseln\u00e9 zariadenia.<\/p>\n
Podobn\u00fd trend je zrejm\u00fd u spolo\u010dnosti United Aircraft Corporation (UAC), dc\u00e9rskej spolo\u010dnosti Rostec. V roku 2022 spolo\u010dnos\u0165 objednala 300 kusov obr\u00e1bac\u00edch strojov od Mekhanika Holding, \u010fal\u0161ej dc\u00e9rskej spolo\u010dnosti Rostec, ktor\u00e9 maj\u00fa by\u0165 dodan\u00e9 do roku 2026. Tieto obr\u00e1bacie stroje sa \u00fadajne pou\u017eij\u00fa na v\u00fdmenu starn\u00facich priemyseln\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed. <\/p>\n
Od roku 2019 do roku 2021 v\u0161ak spolo\u010dnos\u0165 Mekhanika Holding dodala spolo\u010dnosti UAC iba 50 kusov a nemala k dispoz\u00edcii vhodn\u00e9 v\u00fdrobn\u00e9 zariadenia na dokon\u010denie takejto zmluvy.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n
V\u00fdsledkom bude, \u017ee holding Mekhanika bude pravdepodobne z\u00e1pasi\u0165 s splnen\u00edm podmienok zmluvy z roku 2022 v\u010das, ak v\u00f4bec. Deficit vyspel\u00fdch priemyseln\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed Ruska nemo\u017eno vyrie\u0161i\u0165 v celom rozsahu, ak zostan\u00fa v platnosti z\u00e1padn\u00e9 sankcie a ak sa pa\u0161ovanie dod\u00e1vate\u013esk\u00fdch re\u0165azcov bude na\u010falej pravidelne zni\u017eova\u0165.<\/p>\n
Priemyseln\u00e9 vybavenie Rusko zak\u00fapen\u00e9 pred rokom 2022 st\u00e1le funguje, ale jeho \u017eivotnos\u0165 je obmedzen\u00e1. Celkov\u00e9 opotrebenie vyspel\u00fdch priemyseln\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed nie je ani z\u010faleka katastrof\u00e1lne, ale vzh\u013eadom na z\u00e1padn\u00e9 sankcie tento trend vyzer\u00e1 st\u00e1le nezvratnej\u0161ie. <\/p>\n
Dokonca aj predpokladan\u00e9 zlep\u0161enie tejto metriky v roku 2022 sa uskuto\u010dnilo v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou na papieri a \u010diasto\u010dne na z\u00e1klade r\u00f4znych v\u00fdpo\u010dtov. Tieto \u0161tatistiky zd\u00f4raz\u0148uj\u00fa obavy, \u017ee rusk\u00fd vojensko-priemyseln\u00fd komplex v nasleduj\u00facich rokoch pomaly strat\u00ed svoju v\u00fdrobn\u00fa kapacitu a kompetencie.<\/p>\n
Rusk\u00fd vojensko-priemyseln\u00fd komplex bol relat\u00edvne efekt\u00edvny iba vtedy, ke\u010f sa spoliehal na glob\u00e1lne dod\u00e1vate\u013esk\u00e9 re\u0165azce. Programy v\u00fdskumu, v\u00fdvoja a v\u00fdroby zbran\u00ed sa dnes stretli s v\u00e1\u017enymi probl\u00e9mami bez pr\u00edstupu ku kritick\u00fdm z\u00e1padn\u00fdm technol\u00f3gi\u00e1m. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Rusko Adolfa Putina nevie vyr\u00e1ba\u0165 vlastn\u00e9 zbrane bez zahrani\u010dnej technol\u00f3gie ani v roku 2023. Rusk\u00fd vojensko-priemyseln\u00fd komplex ako celok do ve\u013ekej miery z\u00e1vis\u00ed od dov\u00e1\u017ean\u00e9ho priemyseln\u00e9ho vybavenia z Nemecka, Franc\u00fazska, Japonska, Taiwanu, Talianska, \u0160v\u00e9dska, Ju\u017enej K\u00f3rey a Spojen\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1tov. \u010c\u00edm sofistikovanej\u0161\u00ed a vyspelej\u0161\u00ed syst\u00e9m zbran\u00ed, t\u00fdm viac jeho v\u00fdroba z\u00e1vis\u00ed od dov\u00e1\u017ean\u00e9ho priemyseln\u00e9ho vybavenia. Rusko […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-29502","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-exo-news"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29502","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=29502"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29502\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":29504,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29502\/revisions\/29504"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=29502"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=29502"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=29502"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}