Vraj z\u00e1hadn\u00e1 nov\u00e1 vesm\u00edrna zbra\u0148 Ruska, Te\u00f3rie zah\u0155\u0148aj\u00fa vesm\u00edrnu nukle\u00e1rnu, jadrov\u00fa ru\u0161i\u010dku. Predseda v\u00fdboru Snemovne reprezentantov pre spravodajsk\u00e9 slu\u017eby, naliehal na Biely dom, aby odtajnil inform\u00e1cie o \u201ev\u00e1\u017enej hrozbe n\u00e1rodnej bezpe\u010dnosti\u201c. Americk\u00ed vysielatelia a noviny uviedli, \u017ee sa to t\u00fdkalo e\u0161te nerozmiestnen\u00e9ho rusk\u00e9ho vesm\u00edrneho jadrov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, ktor\u00fd by mohol ohrozi\u0165 americk\u00e9 a spojeneck\u00e9 satelity. \u010co by to mohlo by\u0165?<\/p>\n
V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina prvotn\u00fdch spr\u00e1v si protire\u010d\u00ed, niektor\u00e9 zdroje opisuj\u00fa kozmick\u00fa lo\u010f s jadrov\u00fdm pohonom a in\u00e9 kozmick\u00fa lo\u010f s jadrov\u00fdmi zbra\u0148ami. V z\u00e1sade existuj\u00fa tri mo\u017enosti: \u201evyskakovacia\u201c jadrov\u00e1 zbra\u0148 ur\u010den\u00e1 na ni\u010denie satelitov, ktor\u00e1 by bola umiestnen\u00e1 na zemi a vypusten\u00e1 len vtedy, ke\u010f sa mala pou\u017ei\u0165; jadrov\u00e1 zbra\u0148, ktor\u00e1 by bola umiestnen\u00e1 na obe\u017enej dr\u00e1he; alebo satelit s jadrov\u00fdm pohonom, ktor\u00fd by s\u00e1m osebe nebol bombou, ale namiesto toho vyu\u017e\u00edval jadrov\u00fa energiu na pohon nejak\u00e9ho in\u00e9ho zariadenia.<\/p>\n
Ak Rusko pl\u00e1nuje rozmiestni\u0165 jadrov\u00fa zbra\u0148 na pln\u00fa obe\u017en\u00fa dr\u00e1hu \u2013 a nie \u201e frak\u010dn\u00fa \u201c zbra\u0148, pri ktorej \u00faplne neob\u00edde Zem \u2013 poru\u0161ilo by to zmluvu o vesm\u00edre z roku 1967. Jadrov\u00e9 deton\u00e1cie vo vesm\u00edre s\u00fa tie\u017e zak\u00e1zan\u00e9 pod\u013ea zmluvy z roku 1963. Zmluva o \u010diasto\u010dnom z\u00e1kaze sk\u00fa\u0161ok, ktorej signat\u00e1rom je Rusko. Odhliadnuc od z\u00e1konnosti, bola by to de\u0161trukt\u00edvna a nerozli\u0161uj\u00faca zbra\u0148.<\/p>\n
Intenz\u00edvna radi\u00e1cia z jadrov\u00e9ho v\u00fdbuchu na Zemi nielen po\u0161kodzuje seba, ale vytv\u00e1ra aj obrovsk\u00fa tlakov\u00fa vlnu, sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165a po\u017eiare a vytv\u00e1ra sp\u00e1d. Vo vesm\u00edrnom v\u00e1kuu je radi\u00e1cia cel\u00e1 hra. Elektromagnetick\u00fd impulz vytvoren\u00fd orbit\u00e1lnym v\u00fdbuchom by mohol po\u0161kodi\u0165 elektroniku na satelitoch na ve\u013ekej \u010dasti oblohy. Ke\u010f Amerika v roku 1962 vykonala jadrov\u00fd test vo vysokej nadmorskej v\u00fd\u0161ke, zn\u00e1my ako Starfish Prime, po\u0161kodil nielen satelity na doh\u013ead, ale aj satelity na druhej strane Zeme, preto\u017ee \u017eiarenie smerovalo magnetick\u00e9 pole plan\u00e9ty. Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 radi\u00e1cia nakoniec po\u0161kodila alebo zni\u010dila asi tretinu v\u0161etk\u00fdch satelitov vtedy na n\u00edzkej obe\u017enej dr\u00e1he Zeme ( LEO ).<\/p>\n
Ak by dnes Rusko vykonalo podobn\u00fa deton\u00e1ciu s pribli\u017ene 8 300 akt\u00edvnymi satelitmi v leo , zasiahlo by to nielen americk\u00e9 satelity, ale aj satelity Ruska, \u010c\u00edny a \u010fal\u0161\u00edch kraj\u00edn. Mohlo by to ovplyvni\u0165 aj Medzin\u00e1rodn\u00fa vesm\u00edrnu stanicu, na ktorej s\u00fa v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti traja Rusi, a \u010d\u00ednsku, Tiangong, ktor\u00e1 m\u00e1 v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti troj\u010dlenn\u00fa pos\u00e1dku. Americk\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 a spravodajsk\u00e9 satelity, najm\u00e4 tie, ktor\u00e9 sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa na jadrov\u00e9 velenie a riadenie, maj\u00fa tendenciu ma\u0165 svoju elektroniku spevnen\u00fa, aby odolali tak\u00fdmto impulzom. Komer\u010dn\u00e9 satelity nie. <\/p>\n
Stru\u010dne povedan\u00e9, \u00fatok tohto druhu sa zd\u00e1 by\u0165 vhodnej\u0161\u00ed pre z\u00fafal\u00e9 \u0161t\u00e1ty ako Severn\u00e1 K\u00f3rea a Ir\u00e1n, ktor\u00e9 maj\u00fa m\u00e1lo vlastn\u00fdch vesm\u00edrnych schopnost\u00ed na ochranu a v kr\u00edze m\u00f4\u017eu ma\u0165 pocit, \u017ee nemaj\u00fa \u010do strati\u0165.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n
Cie\u013eom Ruska pri vyslan\u00ed jadrovej bomby na obe\u017en\u00fa dr\u00e1hu namiesto pou\u017eitia existuj\u00facej pozemnej rakety by mohlo by\u0165 dosiahnutie geosynchr\u00f3nnej obe\u017enej dr\u00e1hy \u2013 d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9ho p\u00e1sma asi 36 000 km od zemsk\u00e9ho povrchu v porovnan\u00ed s leo pod 2 000 km \u2013 poznamen\u00e1va Matthew Bunn z Harvardskej univerzity. Satelity v geo obiehaj\u00fa zemegu\u013eu raz denne, a tak sa zdaj\u00fa by\u0165 na oblohe zo\u0161iroka fixovan\u00e9, \u010do je u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e9 pri vysielan\u00ed, varovan\u00ed pred raketami a podobne. Nach\u00e1dza sa tam ve\u013ea cenn\u00fdch americk\u00fdch sledovac\u00edch a vojensk\u00fdch komunika\u010dn\u00fdch satelitov. Existuj\u00face jadrov\u00e9 strely nem\u00f4\u017eu dosiahnu\u0165 tak\u00fa v\u00fd\u0161ku.<\/p>\n
Druh\u00e1 te\u00f3ria o tom, \u010do by to mohla by\u0165 zbra\u0148, uv\u00e1dza pbs NewsHour, je, \u017ee Rusko m\u00e1 v \u00famysle rozmiestni\u0165 satelit s jadrov\u00fdm pohonom so schopnos\u0165ou elektronick\u00e9ho boja ( ew ). \u00da\u010delom elektronick\u00e9ho \u00fatoku je ru\u0161i\u0165 alebo sfal\u0161ova\u0165 sign\u00e1ly vysielan\u00e9 alebo prij\u00edman\u00e9 cie\u013eov\u00fdm satelitom; v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina tak\u00fdchto \u00fatokov je do\u010dasn\u00e1 a reverzibiln\u00e1. Mnoho kraj\u00edn, vr\u00e1tane Ameriky a Ruska, m\u00e1 pozemn\u00e9 platformy elektronick\u00e9ho boja, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu zameriava\u0165 satelity. Robi\u0165 to z vesm\u00edru je \u0165a\u017e\u0161ie, ale m\u00f4\u017ee to umo\u017eni\u0165 s\u00fastredenej\u0161ie a vytrvalej\u0161ie \u00fatoky, najm\u00e4 ak je mo\u017en\u00e9 zbra\u0148 umiestni\u0165 bl\u00edzko cie\u013ea.<\/p>\n
Je zn\u00e1me, \u017ee Rusko tak\u00e9to syst\u00e9my presk\u00famalo. V spr\u00e1ve o glob\u00e1lnych protisatelitn\u00fdch schopnostiach, ktor\u00fa minul\u00fd rok zverejnila mimovl\u00e1dna organiz\u00e1cia Secure World Foundation , sa uv\u00e1dza: \u201eNov\u00e9 d\u00f4kazy nazna\u010duj\u00fa, \u017ee Rusko m\u00f4\u017ee vyv\u00edja\u0165 vysokov\u00fdkonn\u00e9 vesm\u00edrne platformy EW na roz\u0161\u00edrenie svojich existuj\u00facich pozemn\u00fdch platforiem. <\/p>\n
Dokument z roku 2019 v odbornom \u010dasopise Space Review op\u00edsal satelit s jadrov\u00fdm pohonom navrhnut\u00fd na tento \u00fa\u010del a zn\u00e1my ako Ekipazh . Dmitrij Stefanovi\u010d z Ruskej akad\u00e9mie vied tie\u017e poukazuje na samostatn\u00fd rusk\u00fd projekt zn\u00e1my ako Zeus, \u201evesm\u00edrny remork\u00e9r\u201c s jadrov\u00fdm pohonom pl\u00e1novan\u00fd na rok 2030, ktor\u00fd by mohol hosti\u0165 cel\u00fd rad schopnost\u00ed vr\u00e1tane ru\u0161enia.<\/p>\n
Pre\u010do pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 jadrov\u00fd reaktor na jeho nap\u00e1janie? T\u00e1to my\u0161lienka je tie\u017e star\u00e1: Amerika prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t uviedla na obe\u017en\u00fa dr\u00e1hu jadrov\u00fd reaktor v roku 1965 a Sovietsky zv\u00e4z vyslal viac ako 40 tak\u00fdchto satelitov. Ich v\u00fdhodou je, \u017ee dok\u00e1\u017eu generova\u0165 dostatok energie. To umo\u017enilo sovietskym satelitom nies\u0165 v\u00fdkonnej\u0161ie radary. Dnes by to umo\u017enilo rusk\u00fdm nies\u0165 v\u00fdkonnej\u0161ie ru\u0161i\u010dky. <\/p>\n
The Space Review opisuje rusk\u00e9 dokumenty vysvet\u013euj\u00face, \u017ee jadrov\u00e9 reaktory na satelitoch umo\u017enili in\u0161tal\u00e1ciu \u201eru\u0161i\u010diek pracuj\u00facich v \u0161irokom rozsahu frekvenci\u00ed\u201c. Ak sa umiestni na vysoko eliptick\u00e9 alebo geosynchr\u00f3nne obe\u017en\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy – tie, ktor\u00e9 udr\u017euj\u00fa satelit nad rovnak\u00fdm bodom na Zemi dlh\u0161\u00ed \u010das – umo\u017enilo by to \u201enepreru\u0161ovan\u00e9 potla\u010denie elektronick\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov vo ve\u013ek\u00fdch oblastiach\u201c.<\/p>\n
James Acton, expert z Carnegie Endowment, think-tanku vo Washingtone, navrhuje jeden d\u00f4vod, pre\u010do by to mohlo by\u0165 pre Rusko atrakt\u00edvne. Poznamen\u00e1va, \u017ee v posledn\u00fdch rokoch sa americk\u00e9 ozbrojen\u00e9 sily \u010doraz viac zauj\u00edmaj\u00fa o \u201eroz\u0161\u00edren\u00e9\u201c kon\u0161tel\u00e1cie, ako s\u00fa satelity Starlink od SpaceX, ktor\u00e9 Ukrajina a jej ozbrojen\u00e9 sily vo ve\u013ekej miere vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa. Tak\u00e9to kon\u0161tel\u00e1cie, ktor\u00e9 obsahuj\u00fa tis\u00edce satelitov, by nebolo mo\u017en\u00e9 fyzicky vyradi\u0165, jeden po druhom. \u0160irokoplo\u0161n\u00fd elektronick\u00fd \u00fatok je in\u00e1 vec.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Vraj z\u00e1hadn\u00e1 nov\u00e1 vesm\u00edrna zbra\u0148 Ruska, Te\u00f3rie zah\u0155\u0148aj\u00fa vesm\u00edrnu nukle\u00e1rnu, jadrov\u00fa ru\u0161i\u010dku. Predseda v\u00fdboru Snemovne reprezentantov pre spravodajsk\u00e9 slu\u017eby, naliehal na Biely dom, aby odtajnil inform\u00e1cie o \u201ev\u00e1\u017enej hrozbe n\u00e1rodnej bezpe\u010dnosti\u201c. Americk\u00ed vysielatelia a noviny uviedli, \u017ee sa to t\u00fdkalo e\u0161te nerozmiestnen\u00e9ho rusk\u00e9ho vesm\u00edrneho jadrov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, ktor\u00fd by mohol ohrozi\u0165 americk\u00e9 a spojeneck\u00e9 satelity. \u010co […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-29691","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-exo-news"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29691","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=29691"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29691\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":29693,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29691\/revisions\/29693"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=29691"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=29691"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=29691"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}