{"id":29962,"date":"2024-07-29T11:36:03","date_gmt":"2024-07-29T11:36:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/?p=29962"},"modified":"2024-07-29T11:36:03","modified_gmt":"2024-07-29T11:36:03","slug":"cina-chce-ovladnut-dodavatelske-retazce-kritickych-nerastov-z-morkeho-dna","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/cina-chce-ovladnut-dodavatelske-retazce-kritickych-nerastov-z-morkeho-dna\/","title":{"rendered":"\u010cina chce ovl\u00e1dnu\u0165 dod\u00e1vate\u013esk\u00e9 re\u0165azce kritick\u00fdch nerastov z mork\u00e9ho dna"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u010cina chce ovl\u00e1dnu\u0165 dod\u00e1vate\u013esk\u00e9 re\u0165azce kritick\u00fdch nerastov a mork\u00e9ho dna. Na dne oce\u00e1nu s\u00fa rozpt\u00fdlen\u00e9 bili\u00f3ny kusov niklu, medi, kobaltu a mang\u00e1nu. Spolo\u010dnosti ich u\u017e dlho chceli \u0165a\u017ei\u0165: tieto \u201ekritick\u00e9 nerasty\u201c s\u00fa potrebn\u00e9 v obrovsk\u00fdch mno\u017estv\u00e1ch na elektrifik\u00e1ciu glob\u00e1lnej ekonomiky a zn\u00ed\u017eenie z\u00e1vislosti od fos\u00edlnych pal\u00edv. <\/p>\n

\u010cina ovl\u00e1dne dod\u00e1vate\u013esk\u00e9 re\u0165azce kritick\u00fdch nerastov z mork\u00e9ho dna<\/h1>\n

Ale Medzin\u00e1rodn\u00fd \u00farad pre morsk\u00e9 dno ( ISA ), org\u00e1n OSN , st\u00e1le zis\u0165uje, ako by sa mala \u0165a\u017eba regulova\u0165. Niektor\u00e9 environment\u00e1lne skupiny chc\u00fa \u00fapln\u00fd z\u00e1kaz. Priaznivci a kritici hlbokomorskej \u0165a\u017eby tieto probl\u00e9my rie\u0161ia na stretnut\u00ed ISA na Jamajke medzi 29. j\u00falom a 2. augustom. Zo 160 z\u00fa\u010dastnen\u00fdch kraj\u00edn m\u00e1 len m\u00e1lokto v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1ujem o v\u00fdsledok ako \u010c\u00edna.<\/p>\n

Dopyt po kritick\u00fdch nerastoch sa m\u00f4\u017ee do roku 2040 viac ako zdvojn\u00e1sobi\u0165 v porovnan\u00ed s rokom 2020, tvrd\u00ed Medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e1 energetick\u00e1 agent\u00fara, glob\u00e1lny prognostik. \u010c\u00edna je ve\u013ek\u00fdm d\u00f4vodom pre\u010do. Vyr\u00e1ba v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inu svetov\u00fdch sol\u00e1rnych panelov, elektrick\u00fdch \u00e1ut a bat\u00e9ri\u00ed, pri\u010dom v\u0161etky tieto miner\u00e1ly vy\u017eaduj\u00fa. Pod\u013ea Centra pre v\u00fdskum energie a \u010dist\u00e9ho ovzdu\u0161ia, think-tanku vo F\u00ednsku, odvetvia \u010distej energie predstavovali v minulom roku 40 % rastu jeho HDP.
\n\"\u010cina<\/p>\n

\u010c\u00edna v\u0161ak mus\u00ed dov\u00e1\u017ea\u0165 mnoh\u00e9 kritick\u00e9 miner\u00e1ly, ktor\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edva. Jeho mang\u00e1n poch\u00e1dza z Ju\u017enej Afriky, Gabonu a Austr\u00e1lie. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina jeho kobaltu poch\u00e1dza z Kon\u017eskej demokratickej republiky. Jej nikel poch\u00e1dza z ve\u013ekej \u010dasti z Filip\u00edn a Indon\u00e9zie.<\/p>\n

Tieto z\u00e1vislosti znepokojuj\u00fa \u010d\u00ednskych l\u00eddrov. Ob\u00e1vaj\u00fa sa, \u017ee dod\u00e1vky by mohli by\u0165 naru\u0161en\u00e9 politick\u00fdmi nepokojmi alebo tlakom zo strany rivalov, ako je Amerika. Pod\u013ea \u010d\u00ednskej n\u00e1rodnej spravodajskej agent\u00fary, ministerstva \u0161t\u00e1tnej bezpe\u010dnosti, je boj o kritick\u00e9 nerasty \u201enov\u00fdm frontom pre strategick\u00fa s\u00fa\u0165a\u017e medzi glob\u00e1lnymi mocnos\u0165ami\u201c. <\/p>\n

Predstavitelia hodnotia kritick\u00e9 kovy ved\u013ea ropy a zemn\u00e9ho plynu pod\u013ea ich v\u00fdznamu pre bud\u00facnos\u0165 \u010c\u00edny. Bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 z\u00e1sobovanie s\u013eubuje hlbinn\u00e1 \u0165a\u017eba. A stalo by sa to v medzin\u00e1rodn\u00fdch vod\u00e1ch, mimo suver\u00e9nnych pr\u00e1vomoc\u00ed in\u00fdch kraj\u00edn. V roku 2016 \u010d\u00ednsky prezident Xi Jinping povedal, \u017ee jeho krajina mus\u00ed dosta\u0165 do r\u00fak \u201eskryt\u00e9 poklady\u201c oce\u00e1nu.<\/p>\n

Na tento \u00fa\u010del \u010c\u00edna str\u00e1vila roky budovan\u00edm vplyvu v ISA , ktor\u00fd m\u00e1 pr\u00e1vomoc nad morsk\u00fdm dnom v medzin\u00e1rodn\u00fdch vod\u00e1ch pod\u013ea Dohovoru OSN o morskom pr\u00e1ve ( UNCLOS ). ISA je z ve\u013ekej \u010dasti financovan\u00e1 svojimi \u010dlensk\u00fdmi krajinami a \u010c\u00edna jej d\u00e1va viac pe\u0148az\u00ed ako ktor\u00fdko\u013evek in\u00fd darca . V roku 2020 poskytla ISA aj \u0161koliace zariadenie v Qingdao, pr\u00edstavnom meste vo v\u00fdchodnej \u010c\u00edne. <\/p>\n

Na minuloro\u010dn\u00fdch stretnutiach ISA sa niektor\u00e9 krajiny pok\u00fasili zavies\u0165 morat\u00f3rium na hlbokomorsk\u00fa \u0165a\u017ebu. Neuspeli, z ve\u013ekej \u010dasti kv\u00f4li tlaku \u010c\u00edny. Jeho cie\u013eom je vytvori\u0165 tolerantn\u00fd \u0165a\u017eobn\u00fd re\u017eim, ktor\u00fd nepripust\u00ed \u017eiadne z\u00e1sahy in\u00fdch kraj\u00edn, hovor\u00ed Isaac Kardon z Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, think-tanku vo Washingtone, DC.<\/p>\n

Traja \u010d\u00ednski ban\u00edci \u2013 China Ocean Mineral R&D Association, China Minmetals a Beijing Pioneer Hi-Tech Development maj\u00fa medzi sebou p\u00e4\u0165, \u010do je viac ako ban\u00edkov v ktorejko\u013evek inej krajine. Maj\u00fa svrbenie za\u010da\u0165 oper\u00e1cie. Tri z \u010d\u00ednskych licenci\u00ed pokr\u00fdvaj\u00fa oblasti morsk\u00e9ho dna v z\u00f3ne Clarion-Clipperton, oblasti vo v\u00fdchodnom Tichom oce\u00e1ne, ktor\u00e1 obsahuje mno\u017estvo kritick\u00fdch nerastov, ktor\u00e9 sa zhruba rovnaj\u00fa v\u0161etk\u00fdm pozemsk\u00fdm rezerv\u00e1m (pozri mapu). \u010eal\u0161ie dve s\u00fa v z\u00e1padnom Pacifiku a Indickom oce\u00e1ne.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u010cina chce ovl\u00e1dnu\u0165 dod\u00e1vate\u013esk\u00e9 re\u0165azce kritick\u00fdch nerastov a mork\u00e9ho dna. Na dne oce\u00e1nu s\u00fa rozpt\u00fdlen\u00e9 bili\u00f3ny kusov niklu, medi, kobaltu a mang\u00e1nu. Spolo\u010dnosti ich u\u017e dlho chceli \u0165a\u017ei\u0165: tieto \u201ekritick\u00e9 nerasty\u201c s\u00fa potrebn\u00e9 v obrovsk\u00fdch mno\u017estv\u00e1ch na elektrifik\u00e1ciu glob\u00e1lnej ekonomiky a zn\u00ed\u017eenie z\u00e1vislosti od fos\u00edlnych pal\u00edv. \u010cina ovl\u00e1dne dod\u00e1vate\u013esk\u00e9 re\u0165azce kritick\u00fdch nerastov z mork\u00e9ho dna […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-29962","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-exo-news"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29962","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=29962"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29962\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":29963,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29962\/revisions\/29963"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=29962"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=29962"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=29962"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}