![\"Pytagorejci](\"\/image\/pythagoras.jpg\")
\n1. Ac\u00fasmatici (Ak\u00fazmatici \u2013 \u1f00\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af)<\/p>\n
Pytagorejci mali mno\u017estvo tajn\u00fdch u\u010den\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 sa odovzd\u00e1vali len zasv\u00e4ten\u00fdm, a ich filozofia bola silne spojen\u00e1 s mysticizmom, \u010d\u00edslami a geometriou. Tieto tajn\u00e9 u\u010denia obsahovali nielen matematick\u00e9 a filozofick\u00e9 princ\u00edpy, ale aj praktiky a ritu\u00e1ly, ktor\u00e9 sa odli\u0161ovali od be\u017en\u00e9ho sp\u00f4sobu \u017eivota v antickom Gr\u00e9cku. Ac\u00fasmatici a Matematikovia boli dve hlavn\u00e9 skupiny v r\u00e1mci Pytagorejskej \u0161koly, ktor\u00fa zalo\u017eil Pytagoras v 6. storo\u010d\u00ed pred n. l. Rozdiel medzi nimi spo\u010d\u00edval v miere zasv\u00e4tenia do u\u010denia a sp\u00f4sobe vn\u00edmania poznania.<\/p>\n
\n1. Ac\u00fasmatici (Ak\u00fazmatici \u2013 \u1f00\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af)<\/p>\n
Za\u010diato\u010dn\u00edci a posluch\u00e1\u010di Pytagorovho u\u010denia.
\nN\u00e1zov poch\u00e1dza z gr\u00e9ckeho akousma (\u1f00\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1), \u010do znamen\u00e1 \u201epo\u010dut\u00e1 vec\u201c alebo \u201ev\u00fdrok\u201c.
\nIch u\u010denie bolo \u010disto \u00fastne, nesmeli kl\u00e1s\u0165 ot\u00e1zky a museli pr\u00edsne dodr\u017eiava\u0165 Pytagorove pravidl\u00e1.
\nPraktizovali asketick\u00fd \u017eivotn\u00fd \u0161t\u00fdl, re\u0161pektovali r\u00f4zne tabu a dogmy.
\nVerili, \u017ee Pytagoras je takmer bo\u017esk\u00e1 postava, ktorej v\u00fdroky sa nemaj\u00fa spochyb\u0148ova\u0165.<\/p>\n
2. Matematikoi (Matematikovia \u2013 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af)<\/p>\n
Pokro\u010dilej\u0161\u00ed \u017eiaci, ktor\u00ed mohli priamo komunikova\u0165 s Pytagorom a kl\u00e1s\u0165 ot\u00e1zky.
\nN\u00e1zov poch\u00e1dza z math\u0113matikos (\u03bc\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2), \u010do znamen\u00e1 \u201eu\u010diaci sa\u201c alebo \u201eten, kto sa venuje poznaniu\u201c.
\nMali pr\u00edstup k hlb\u0161\u00edm matematick\u00fdm a filozofick\u00fdm princ\u00edpom, \u010d\u00edm sa odli\u0161ovali od ak\u00fazmatikov.
\nIch u\u010denie bolo systematick\u00e9 a viac racion\u00e1lne ako n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9.
\n\u0160tudovali geometriu, hudbu, astron\u00f3miu a aritmetiku, \u010do tvorilo z\u00e1klad neskor\u0161ej kvadrivie (\u0161tvoro slobodn\u00fdch umen\u00ed).<\/p>\n
K\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fd rozdiel<\/p>\n
Ac\u00fasmatici prij\u00edmali u\u010denie bez kritick\u00e9ho myslenia a vn\u00edmali ho ako tajomstvo, zatia\u013e \u010do Matematikoi mohli analyzova\u0165, sk\u00fama\u0165 a rozv\u00edja\u0165 filozofick\u00e9 a matematick\u00e9 poznatky.<\/p>\n
Nesk\u00f4r tieto rozdiely viedli k rozkolu medzi dogmatick\u00fdmi a racion\u00e1lnymi pythagorejcami, \u010do prispelo k z\u00e1niku p\u00f4vodn\u00e9ho pytagoreizmu.<\/p>\n
Ac\u00fasmatici (\u1f00\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af) museli pr\u00edsne dodr\u017eiava\u0165 Pytagorove pravidl\u00e1 a nesmeli kl\u00e1s\u0165 ot\u00e1zky \u2013 ich u\u010denie bolo zalo\u017een\u00e9 na po\u010d\u00favan\u00ed a zapam\u00e4t\u00e1van\u00ed si v\u00fdrokov (akousmata), ktor\u00e9 sa odovzd\u00e1vali ako tajomn\u00e9 pr\u00edkazy alebo aforizmy.<\/p>\n
Oddelenie od u\u010dite\u013ea<\/p>\n
Po\u010das vyu\u010dovania sedeli Ac\u00fasmatici za z\u00e1vesom alebo oponou, aby nevideli Pytagora \u2013 mohli ho iba po\u010du\u0165.
\nTo symbolizovalo, \u017ee e\u0161te nie s\u00fa pripraven\u00ed na priame pochopenie pravdy.
\nNespochyb\u0148ovanie Pytagorov\u00fdch v\u00fdrokov
\nPytagoras bol pre nich takmer bo\u017esk\u00e1 bytos\u0165, preto sa jeho slov\u00e1 brali ako nemenn\u00e9 z\u00e1kony.
\nAk sa niekto sp\u00fdtal \u201ePre\u010do?\u201c odpove\u010f bola \u010dasto \u201eOn s\u00e1m to povedal\u201c (Autos epha, \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1f78\u03c2 \u1f14\u03c6\u03b1).<\/p>\n
Zapam\u00e4t\u00e1vanie si tajomn\u00fdch v\u00fdrokov (akousmata)
\nAc\u00fasmatici sa u\u010dili kr\u00e1tke, zdanlivo zvl\u00e1\u0161tne a mystick\u00e9 pr\u00edkazy, ktor\u00e9 mali nasledova\u0165.<\/p>\n
Napr\u00edklad:<\/p>\n
\u201eNejedz b\u00f4b!\u201c \u2013 Mo\u017eno kv\u00f4li viere v transmigr\u00e1ciu du\u0161\u00ed (reinkarn\u00e1ciu) alebo preto, \u017ee b\u00f4by sp\u00f4sobovali nad\u00favanie.
\n\u201eNezodvihni to, \u010do spadlo!\u201c \u2013 Mohlo symbolizova\u0165, \u017ee nem\u00e1me meni\u0165 osud.
\n\u201eNehas ohe\u0148 no\u017eom!\u201c \u2013 Pravdepodobne z\u00e1kaz n\u00e1siln\u00e9ho rie\u0161enia probl\u00e9mov.<\/p>\n
V\u00fdznam t\u00fdchto pr\u00edkazov bol \u010dasto tajn\u00fd a vedeli ho len vy\u0161\u0161ie zasv\u00e4ten\u00ed Matematikoi.<\/p>\n
Striktn\u00fd asketick\u00fd \u017eivot<\/p>\n
Dodr\u017eiavali pr\u00edsnu di\u00e9tu \u2013 niektor\u00e9 zdroje hovoria, \u017ee boli vegetari\u00e1ni.
\nMali pr\u00edsne pravidl\u00e1 v ka\u017edodennom \u017eivote (napr. nemali jes\u0165 m\u00e4so, nesmeli nosi\u0165 vlnu, nemali robi\u0165 hluk r\u00e1no at\u010f.).
\n\u017dili v komunite, kde sa zdie\u013eali majetok a v\u0161etci sa podie\u013eali na spolo\u010dnej discipl\u00edne.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Pytagorejci mali mno\u017estvo tajn\u00fdch u\u010den\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 sa odovzd\u00e1vali len zasv\u00e4ten\u00fdm, a ich filozofia bola silne spojen\u00e1 s mysticizmom, \u010d\u00edslami a geometriou. Tieto tajn\u00e9 u\u010denia obsahovali nielen matematick\u00e9 a filozofick\u00e9 princ\u00edpy, ale aj praktiky a ritu\u00e1ly, ktor\u00e9 sa odli\u0161ovali od be\u017en\u00e9ho sp\u00f4sobu \u017eivota v antickom Gr\u00e9cku. Ac\u00fasmatici a Matematikovia boli dve hlavn\u00e9 skupiny v r\u00e1mci Pytagorejskej […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-30493","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-knihy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30493","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=30493"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30493\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30494,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30493\/revisions\/30494"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=30493"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=30493"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=30493"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}