{"id":30559,"date":"2025-05-06T18:42:16","date_gmt":"2025-05-06T18:42:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/?p=30559"},"modified":"2025-05-06T18:42:16","modified_gmt":"2025-05-06T18:42:16","slug":"hladomor-na-ukrajine-v-rokoch-1932-1933-znamy-ako-holodomor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/hladomor-na-ukrajine-v-rokoch-1932-1933-znamy-ako-holodomor\/","title":{"rendered":"Hladomor na Ukrajine v rokoch 1932\u20131933, zn\u00e1my ako Holodomor"},"content":{"rendered":"

Hladomor na Ukrajine v rokoch 1932\u20131933, zn\u00e1my ako Holodomor, je jednou z najtragickej\u0161\u00edch kapitol ukrajinskej a sovietskej hist\u00f3rie. Historici sa zhoduj\u00fa, \u017ee i\u0161lo o umelo vyvolan\u00fa katastrofu, ktor\u00e1 bola v\u00fdsledkom politiky Josifa Stalina a jeho re\u017eimu, vr\u00e1tane n\u00e1silnej kolektiviz\u00e1cie po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstva a represi\u00ed vo\u010di ro\u013en\u00edkom. Lazar Kaganovi\u010d, jeden z najbli\u017e\u0161\u00edch Stalinov\u00fdch spojencov, zohral k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fa \u00falohu pri implement\u00e1cii t\u00fdchto polit\u00edk. Lazar Kaganovi\u010d bol rus naroden\u00fd na Ukrajine.<\/p>\n

Hladomor, Holodomor na Ukrajine v rokoch 1932\u20131933<\/h1>\n

Prid\u00e1me inform\u00e1cie na\u010do bolo rusom to obilie. Kaganovi\u010d, ako vysok\u00fd predstavite\u013e Komunistickej strany a Stalinov bl\u00edzky spojenec, bol jedn\u00fdm z hlavn\u00fdch architektov kolektiviz\u00e1cie. Na Ukrajine dohliadal na tvrd\u00e9 vym\u00e1hanie obiln\u00fdch kv\u00f3t, ktor\u00e9 boli \u010dasto nere\u00e1lne vysok\u00e9. <\/p>\n

Jeho pr\u00edkazy na zabavovanie obilia, vr\u00e1tane z\u00e1sob ur\u010den\u00fdch na pre\u017eitie ro\u013en\u00edckych rod\u00edn, priamo prispeli k hladomoru. Kaganovi\u010d bol zn\u00e1my svojou nekompromisnou lojalitou k Stalinovi a brutalitou pri presadzovan\u00ed stran\u00edckych polit\u00edk.<\/p>\n

Stalin a jeho re\u017eim vedeli o hladomore v rokoch 1932\u20131933, zn\u00e1mom ako Holodomor na Ukrajine a v \u010fal\u0161\u00edch \u010dastiach Sovietskeho zv\u00e4zu, no napriek tomu pokra\u010dovali v exporte obilia do zahrani\u010dia.<\/em><\/p>\n

Kam i\u0161lo obilie?<\/p>\n

Sovietsky zv\u00e4z vyv\u00e1\u017eal obilie do viacer\u00fdch kraj\u00edn, pri\u010dom hlavn\u00fdmi destin\u00e1ciami boli:<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1padoeur\u00f3pske krajiny \ud83d\ude42<\/p>\n

Ve\u013ek\u00e1 Brit\u00e1nia: Jedn\u00fdm z hlavn\u00fdch odberate\u013eov bolo Spojen\u00e9 kr\u00e1\u013eovstvo, ktor\u00e9 dov\u00e1\u017ealo obilie na svoje trhy. Sovietsky zv\u00e4z vyu\u017e\u00edval tieto exporty na z\u00edskanie tvrd\u00fdch val\u00fat (najm\u00e4 britsk\u00fdch libier), ktor\u00e9 boli potrebn\u00e9 na n\u00e1kup priemyseln\u00fdch technol\u00f3gi\u00ed a strojov.<\/p>\n

Nemecko: Pred podpisom paktu Molotov-Ribbentrop (1939) bolo Nemecko v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm obchodn\u00fdm partnerom. Po\u010das obdobia hladomoru sa obchodn\u00e9 vz\u0165ahy rozv\u00edjali, vr\u00e1tane v\u00fdvozu obilia, hoci v men\u0161om rozsahu ako do Brit\u00e1nie.<\/p>\n

Franc\u00fazsko a \u010fal\u0161ie z\u00e1padoeur\u00f3pske \u0161t\u00e1ty: Obilie bolo distribuovan\u00e9 aj do in\u00fdch kraj\u00edn, ako Franc\u00fazsko, Belgicko \u010di Holandsko, kde existoval dopyt po lacnom obil\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Po\u013esko: Sovietsky zv\u00e4z vyv\u00e1\u017eal obilie aj do Po\u013eska, ktor\u00e9 bolo v tom \u010dase d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdm susedom a obchodn\u00fdm partnerom.<\/p>\n

\u010c\u00edna a Bl\u00edzky v\u00fdchod: Men\u0161ie mno\u017estv\u00e1 obilia mohli by\u0165 exportovan\u00e9 do kraj\u00edn ako \u010c\u00edna alebo do regi\u00f3nov Bl\u00edzkeho v\u00fdchodu, kde Sovietsky zv\u00e4z budoval obchodn\u00e9 vz\u0165ahy.<\/p>\n

Latinsk\u00e1 Amerika: Niektor\u00e9 zdroje nazna\u010duj\u00fa, \u017ee obilie bolo vyv\u00e1\u017ean\u00e9 aj do kraj\u00edn Latinskej Ameriky, hoci v men\u0161om objeme.<\/p>\n

Pod\u013ea historick\u00fdch \u00fadajov, ako ich uv\u00e1dza napr\u00edklad Robert Conquest v knihe The Harvest of Sorrow, <\/p>\n

Sovietsky zv\u00e4z vyviezol v rokoch 1932\u20131933 pribli\u017ene 1,8 mili\u00f3na ton obilia, zatia\u013e \u010do mili\u00f3ny \u013eud\u00ed zomierali na hlad.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

V roku 1932 bolo vyvezen\u00fdch asi 1,6 mili\u00f3na ton a v roku 1933 okolo 1,68 mili\u00f3na ton. Tento export pokra\u010doval napriek tomu, \u017ee \u00faroda v t\u00fdchto rokoch klesla kv\u00f4li zlej organiz\u00e1cii kolektiviz\u00e1cie, suchu a odporu ro\u013en\u00edkov.<\/p>\n

Export obilia mal demon\u0161trova\u0165 \u201e\u00faspech\u201c sovietskeho po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstva a socializmu na medzin\u00e1rodnej sc\u00e9ne, \u010d\u00edm sa zakr\u00fdvala katastrof\u00e1lna situ\u00e1cia doma.<\/p>\n

Historick\u00e9 d\u00f4kazy, vr\u00e1tane arch\u00edvnych dokumentov a kore\u0161pondencie, potvrdzuj\u00fa, \u017ee Stalin a jeho najbli\u017e\u0161\u00ed spolupracovn\u00edci (vr\u00e1tane Lazara Kaganovi\u010da a Vja\u010deslava Molotova) boli informovan\u00ed o hladomore. Napr\u00edklad:<\/p>\n

Spr\u00e1vy od miestnych \u00faradov a NKVD podrobne opisovali hlad, \u00famrtia a z\u00fafal\u00fa situ\u00e1ciu na vidieku. Stalin osobne schva\u013eoval vysok\u00e9 obiln\u00e9 kv\u00f3ty a naria\u010foval ich vym\u00e1hanie, dokonca aj za cenu zabavovania z\u00e1sob ro\u013en\u00edkov. V auguste 1932 Stalin podp\u00edsal z\u00e1kon \u201eo ochrane socialistick\u00e9ho vlastn\u00edctva\u201c, zn\u00e1my ako \u201ez\u00e1kon o piatich klasoch\u201c, ktor\u00fd trestal kr\u00e1de\u017e aj mal\u00e9ho mno\u017estva obilia v\u00e4zen\u00edm alebo smr\u0165ou, \u010d\u00edm sa e\u0161te viac zhor\u0161ila situ\u00e1cia hladuj\u00facich.<\/p>\n

Namiesto zmiernenia kr\u00edzy re\u017eim zak\u00e1zal ro\u013en\u00edkom op\u00fa\u0161\u0165a\u0165 postihnut\u00e9 oblasti, zatajoval inform\u00e1cie o hladomore pred svetom a odmietal zahrani\u010dn\u00fa pomoc, ktor\u00e1 bola pon\u00faknut\u00e1 napr\u00edklad po\u010das hladomoru v rokoch 1921\u20131922.<\/p>\n

Na rozdiel od hladomoru v rokoch 1946\u20131947, kde export obilia mohol by\u0165 \u010diasto\u010dne motivovan\u00fd povojnov\u00fdmi z\u00e1v\u00e4zkami a snahou o vplyv v Eur\u00f3pe, export po\u010das Holodomoru v rokoch 1932\u20131933 nes\u00favisel s pokusom zmari\u0165 nejak\u00fd z\u00e1padn\u00fd pl\u00e1n (ako neskor\u0161\u00ed Marshallov pl\u00e1n). <\/p>\n

Hlavn\u00fdm cie\u013eom bolo financova\u0165 industrializ\u00e1ciu a udr\u017ea\u0165 obraz \u201esiln\u00e9ho\u201c Sovietskeho zv\u00e4zu, aj za cenu mili\u00f3nov \u017eivotov, najm\u00e4 na Ukrajine.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Hladomor na Ukrajine v rokoch 1932\u20131933, zn\u00e1my ako Holodomor, je jednou z najtragickej\u0161\u00edch kapitol ukrajinskej a sovietskej hist\u00f3rie. Historici sa zhoduj\u00fa, \u017ee i\u0161lo o umelo vyvolan\u00fa katastrofu, ktor\u00e1 bola v\u00fdsledkom politiky Josifa Stalina a jeho re\u017eimu, vr\u00e1tane n\u00e1silnej kolektiviz\u00e1cie po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstva a represi\u00ed vo\u010di ro\u013en\u00edkom. Lazar Kaganovi\u010d, jeden z najbli\u017e\u0161\u00edch Stalinov\u00fdch spojencov, zohral k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fa \u00falohu pri […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-30559","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-historia-anatolij-fomenko"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30559","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=30559"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30559\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30560,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30559\/revisions\/30560"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=30559"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=30559"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=30559"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}