Ke\u010f sa William Flinders Petrie stal egyptol\u00f3gom, o Achnatonovi kolovali dve hlavn\u00e9 te\u00f3rie: bu\u010f bol mystickou n\u00e1dobou ezoterickej m\u00fadrosti, alebo prv\u00fdm monoteistom na svete. Tieto n\u00e1zory odr\u00e1\u017eali dobov\u00e9 hnutia \u2013 teozofiu ob\u013e\u00faben\u00fa medzi elitami a snahu viktori\u00e1nskych kres\u0165anov h\u013eada\u0165 archeologick\u00e9 d\u00f4kazy Biblie. Petrie, presved\u010den\u00fd o Achnatonovom monoteizme, bol prirodzene pri\u0165ahovan\u00fd k Amarne, mestu spojen\u00e9mu s t\u00fdmto \u201enajorigin\u00e1lnej\u0161\u00edm myslite\u013eom\u201c Egypta.<\/p>\n
V sez\u00f3ne 1891-1892 za\u010dal Petrie v\u00fdskum v Amarne s ve\u013ek\u00fdm nad\u0161en\u00edm. Mesto Achetaten, izolovan\u00e9 a postaven\u00e9 mimo tradi\u010dn\u00fdch ciest, s hrobkami na v\u00fdchodnom brehu N\u00edlu namiesto z\u00e1padn\u00e9ho, akoby potvrdzovalo Achnatonovu jedine\u010dnos\u0165. Petrie objavil z\u00e1hadn\u00fd kr\u00e1\u013eovsk\u00fd pal\u00e1c a stal sa prv\u00fdm, kto toto miesto skuto\u010dne \u201eotvoril\u201c svetu. Jeho pr\u00e1ca pril\u00e1kala davy zvedavcov zo Z\u00e1padu, vr\u00e1tane bohat\u00fdch mecen\u00e1\u0161ov, ktor\u00ed \u010diasto\u010dne financovali vykop\u00e1vky. Ako zdvoril\u00fd gentleman si Petrie v\u017edy na\u0161iel \u010das na rozhovory s n\u00e1v\u0161tevn\u00edkmi.<\/p>\n
Hoci existencia Amarny bola zn\u00e1ma u\u017e od za\u010diatku 19. storo\u010dia, objav \u201eAmarna Listov\u201c vyvolal nov\u00fa vlnu z\u00e1ujmu. T\u00fdchto 380 klinovit\u00fdch tabuliek tvorilo kore\u0161pondenciu medzi kr\u00e1\u013emi Egypta, Babylonu, Hatti, As\u00fdrie, Mittani a kana\u00e1nskymi mestsk\u00fdmi \u0161t\u00e1tmi po\u010das neskorej doby bronzovej. Arch\u00edv, poch\u00e1dzaj\u00faci z obdobia Amenhotepa III. a Achnatona, je k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdm zdrojom pre pochopenie medzin\u00e1rodnej diplomacie a administrat\u00edvy Novej r\u00ed\u0161e, ako aj pre ur\u010denie \u010dasovej osi tejto \u00e9ry.<\/p>\n
Pomocou svojich inovat\u00edvnych archeologick\u00fdch met\u00f3d, ktor\u00e9 sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa dodnes, William Flinders Petrie odhalil z\u00e1klady hlavn\u00fdch chr\u00e1mov a pal\u00e1cov v Amarne. Hoci jeho \u010das na lokalite bol obmedzen\u00fd, jeho pr\u00e1ca polo\u017eila pevn\u00e9 z\u00e1klady pre neskor\u0161ie v\u00fdskumy, ako napr\u00edklad \u0161t\u00fadie Normana de Garisa Daviesa, ktor\u00fd v rokoch 1901\u20131906 viedol vykop\u00e1vky pre Egyptsk\u00fa v\u00fdskumn\u00fa spolo\u010dnos\u0165 a publikoval v\u00fdsledky o skaln\u00fdch hrobk\u00e1ch Amarny.<\/p>\n
Petrie priniesol do egyptol\u00f3gie prelomov\u00fd syst\u00e9m vykop\u00e1vok, ktor\u00fd nahradil chaotick\u00e9 a de\u0161trukt\u00edvne pr\u00edstupy 19. storo\u010dia. Predt\u00fdm mnoh\u00ed archeol\u00f3govia, motivovan\u00ed po\u017eiadavkami m\u00faze\u00ed na ve\u013ek\u00e9 n\u00e1lezy, po\u0161kodzovali lokality. Petrieho met\u00f3da bola logick\u00e1 a systematick\u00e1: vybral miesto s potenci\u00e1lom, skontroloval povrch, odstr\u00e1nil trosky pomocou \u201eko\u0161\u00edkov\u201c a quftiov (miestnych pracovn\u00edkov s archeologick\u00fdmi sk\u00fasenos\u0165ami), ktor\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvali \u0161tetce a no\u017ee. N\u00e1lezy boli pred vybrat\u00edm zdokumentovan\u00e9 kresbami alebo fotografiami. Tieto techniky sa stali vzorom pre archeol\u00f3gov po celom svete.<\/p>\n
Petrie svoje met\u00f3dy zdokumentoval v knihe Met\u00f3dy a ciele v archeol\u00f3gii<\/em> (1903), ktor\u00e1 je dodnes povinn\u00fdm \u010d\u00edtan\u00edm pre archeol\u00f3gov. Okrem opisu techn\u00edk zd\u00f4raznil vlastnosti dobr\u00e9ho archeol\u00f3ga: siln\u00fd zmysel pre hist\u00f3riu, organiza\u010dn\u00e9 schopnosti, bystr\u00fa pam\u00e4\u0165 a z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 in\u017einierske vzdelanie. Svoje met\u00f3dy neust\u00e1le zdokona\u013eoval a kombinoval ich s nov\u00fdmi technol\u00f3giami, \u010d\u00edm upevnil svoj pr\u00ednos pre archeol\u00f3giu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Ke\u010f sa William Flinders Petrie stal egyptol\u00f3gom, o Achnatonovi kolovali dve hlavn\u00e9 te\u00f3rie: bu\u010f bol mystickou n\u00e1dobou ezoterickej m\u00fadrosti, alebo prv\u00fdm monoteistom na svete. Tieto n\u00e1zory odr\u00e1\u017eali dobov\u00e9 hnutia \u2013 teozofiu ob\u013e\u00faben\u00fa medzi elitami a snahu viktori\u00e1nskych kres\u0165anov h\u013eada\u0165 archeologick\u00e9 d\u00f4kazy Biblie. Petrie, presved\u010den\u00fd o Achnatonovom monoteizme, bol prirodzene pri\u0165ahovan\u00fd k Amarne, mestu spojen\u00e9mu s […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-30845","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-historia-anatolij-fomenko"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30845","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=30845"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30845\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30852,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30845\/revisions\/30852"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=30845"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=30845"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=30845"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}