{"id":31073,"date":"2026-01-13T17:17:30","date_gmt":"2026-01-13T17:17:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/?p=31073"},"modified":"2026-01-13T17:17:48","modified_gmt":"2026-01-13T17:17:48","slug":"ako-rozlisit-politicky-nazor-od-trestneho-cinu-schvalovania","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/ako-rozlisit-politicky-nazor-od-trestneho-cinu-schvalovania\/","title":{"rendered":"Ako rozl\u00ed\u0161i\u0165 politick\u00fd n\u00e1zor od trestn\u00e9ho \u010dinu schva\u013eovania"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ako dnes rozl\u00ed\u0161i\u0165 politick\u00fd n\u00e1zor od trestn\u00e9ho \u010dinu schva\u013eovania napr. agresie na Ukrajine, alebo v inom \u0161t\u00e1te. Ve\u013emi dobr\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka \u2013 pr\u00e1ve rozl\u00ed\u0161enie medzi politick\u00fdm n\u00e1zorom<\/strong> a trestn\u00fdm \u010dinom schva\u013eovania<\/strong> je jadrom viacer\u00fdch medializovan\u00fdch trestn\u00fdch k\u00e1uz na Slovensku. Nejde pritom o subjekt\u00edvny pocit, sympatie \u010di mor\u00e1lne hodnotenie v\u00fdroku, ale o presn\u00e9 pr\u00e1vne krit\u00e9ri\u00e1, ktor\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa v\u0161eobecn\u00e9 s\u00fady, \u00dastavn\u00fd s\u00fad SR aj Eur\u00f3psky s\u00fad pre \u013eudsk\u00e9 pr\u00e1va (ES\u013dP).<\/p>\n

Ako rozl\u00ed\u0161i\u0165 politick\u00fd n\u00e1zor od trestn\u00e9ho \u010dinu schva\u013eovania <\/h1>\n

Slovensk\u00e9 trestn\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo netrest\u00e1 n\u00e1zory ako tak\u00e9. Trestn\u00e9 je iba konanie, ktor\u00e9 nap\u013a\u0148a z\u00e1konn\u00e9 znaky konkr\u00e9tneho trestn\u00e9ho \u010dinu. Preto existuje jasn\u00fd pr\u00e1vny \u201etest\u201c, pomocou ktor\u00e9ho sa posudzuje, \u010di ide e\u0161te o politick\u00fd prejav, alebo u\u017e o trestnopr\u00e1vne postihnute\u013en\u00e9 schva\u013eovanie trestn\u00e9ho \u010dinu.<\/p>\n

1. Obsah v\u00fdroku: n\u00e1zor verzus oslava zlo\u010dinu<\/h2>\n

Prv\u00fdm a z\u00e1kladn\u00fdm krit\u00e9riom je samotn\u00fd obsah v\u00fdroku<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Politick\u00fd n\u00e1zor<\/strong> je tak\u00fd, ktor\u00fd hodnot\u00ed:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • geopolitick\u00fa situ\u00e1ciu,<\/li>\n
  • konanie \u0161t\u00e1tov alebo vl\u00e1d,<\/li>\n
  • vojensk\u00e9, bezpe\u010dnostn\u00e9 \u010di ideologick\u00e9 strat\u00e9gie.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Typicky ide o formul\u00e1cie ako \u201epod\u013ea m\u00f4jho n\u00e1zoru\u201c, \u201epova\u017eujem za spr\u00e1vne\u201c, \u201eide o obrann\u00fd krok\u201c, \u201eide o geopolitick\u00fd konflikt\u201c.<\/p>\n

    Trestn\u00e9 schva\u013eovanie<\/strong> naopak spo\u010d\u00edva v tom, \u017ee v\u00fdrok:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • v\u00fdslovne chv\u00e1li n\u00e1silie,<\/li>\n
    • ospravedl\u0148uje trestn\u00fd \u010din ako tak\u00fd,<\/li>\n
    • oslavuje p\u00e1chanie zlo\u010dinov.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Rozhoduj\u00face je, \u010di v\u00fdrok legitimizuje n\u00e1silie, nie to, \u010di je spolo\u010densky prijate\u013en\u00fd.<\/p>\n

      2. Konkr\u00e9tnos\u0165: mus\u00ed \u00eds\u0165 o konkr\u00e9tny trestn\u00fd \u010din<\/h2>\n

      Druh\u00fdm k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdm znakom je konkr\u00e9tnos\u0165<\/strong>. Slovensk\u00e9 trestn\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo nepozn\u00e1 trestanie za abstraktn\u00e9 hodnotenie vojny alebo agresie.<\/p>\n

      Politick\u00fd n\u00e1zor<\/strong> sa vyjadruje k:<\/p>\n

        \n
      • vojne ako celku,<\/li>\n
      • konfliktu medzi \u0161t\u00e1tmi,<\/li>\n
      • medzin\u00e1rodnej situ\u00e1cii.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Trestn\u00e9 schva\u013eovanie<\/strong> v\u0161ak mus\u00ed smerova\u0165 ku:<\/p>\n

          \n
        • konkr\u00e9tnemu trestn\u00e9mu \u010dinu (napr. vra\u017eda civilistov, masaker),<\/li>\n
        • konkr\u00e9tnemu p\u00e1chate\u013eovi alebo skupine p\u00e1chate\u013eov.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          Bez identifik\u00e1cie konkr\u00e9tneho trestn\u00e9ho \u010dinu neexistuje objekt, ktor\u00fd by bolo mo\u017en\u00e9 \u201eschva\u013eova\u0165\u201c v zmysle Trestn\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona.<\/p>\n

          3. Kontext v\u00fdroku: verejn\u00e1 diskusia verzus glorifik\u00e1cia n\u00e1silia<\/h2>\n

          S\u00fady v\u017edy posudzuj\u00fa aj kontext<\/strong>, v ktorom bol v\u00fdrok vysloven\u00fd.<\/p>\n

          Chr\u00e1nen\u00fd politick\u00fd prejav<\/strong> vznik\u00e1 najm\u00e4:<\/p>\n

            \n
          • v r\u00e1mci verejnej politickej diskusie,<\/li>\n
          • pri komentovan\u00ed aktu\u00e1lneho diania,<\/li>\n
          • v ideologickej alebo hodnotovej polemike.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            Trestne relevantn\u00fd prejav<\/strong> sa vyzna\u010duje t\u00fdm, \u017ee:<\/p>\n

              \n
            • oslavuje n\u00e1silie,<\/li>\n
            • dehumanizuje obete,<\/li>\n
            • normalizuje p\u00e1chanie trestnej \u010dinnosti.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              Rovnak\u00e1 veta m\u00f4\u017ee ma\u0165 in\u00fd v\u00fdznam v analytickom texte a in\u00fd v\u00fdznam na zhroma\u017eden\u00ed, kde sa n\u00e1silie glorifikuje.<\/p>\n

              4. \u00damysel hovoriaceho: rozhoduj\u00faci psychick\u00fd prvok<\/h2>\n

              Trestn\u00fd \u010din schva\u013eovania je \u00famyseln\u00fd trestn\u00fd \u010din<\/strong>. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee nesta\u010d\u00ed, aby v\u00fdrok p\u00f4sobil kontroverzne alebo poburuj\u00faco.<\/p>\n

              Prokurat\u00fara mus\u00ed preuk\u00e1za\u0165, \u017ee autor v\u00fdroku:<\/p>\n

                \n
              • vedel, \u017ee ide o trestn\u00fd \u010din,<\/li>\n
              • a chcel ho schva\u013eova\u0165 alebo bol s t\u00fdm uzrozumen\u00fd.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                Ak cie\u013eom v\u00fdroku bolo vyjadri\u0165 politick\u00fd postoj, presved\u010di\u0165 verejnos\u0165 alebo kritizova\u0165 in\u00fdch akt\u00e9rov, ch\u00fdba z\u00e1kladn\u00fd znak trestnej zodpovednosti.<\/p>\n

                5. Jazyk a forma: analytick\u00fd prejav verzus dehumaniz\u00e1cia<\/h2>\n

                S\u00fady posudzuj\u00fa aj jazykov\u00e9 prostriedky<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

                Politick\u00fd n\u00e1zor<\/strong> pou\u017e\u00edva jazyk:<\/p>\n

                  \n
                • hodnotiaci,<\/li>\n
                • analytick\u00fd,<\/li>\n
                • ideologick\u00fd.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  Trestn\u00e9 schva\u013eovanie<\/strong> sa prejavuje jazykom:<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  • oslavn\u00fdm (\u201eurobili dobre, \u017ee zab\u00edjali\u201c),<\/li>\n
                  • dehumanizuj\u00facim (\u201ezasl\u00fa\u017eili si zomrie\u0165\u201c),<\/li>\n
                  • v\u00fdzvov\u00fdm.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    6. Postoj ES\u013dP: politick\u00fd prejav m\u00e1 najvy\u0161\u0161iu ochranu<\/h2>\n

                    Eur\u00f3psky s\u00fad pre \u013eudsk\u00e9 pr\u00e1va opakovane zd\u00f4raz\u0148uje, \u017ee:<\/p>\n

                    \n \u201eSloboda politick\u00e9ho prejavu sa vz\u0165ahuje aj na v\u00fdroky, ktor\u00e9 \u0161okuj\u00fa, ur\u00e1\u017eaj\u00fa alebo znepokojuj\u00fa.\u201c\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

                    Obmedzenie slobody prejavu je pr\u00edpustn\u00e9 len vtedy, ak ide o:<\/p>\n

                      \n
                    • priamu podporu n\u00e1silia,<\/li>\n
                    • oslavovanie konkr\u00e9tnych zlo\u010dinov,<\/li>\n
                    • podnecovanie k nen\u00e1visti spojen\u00e9 s n\u00e1sil\u00edm.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                      Rozl\u00ed\u0161enie medzi politick\u00fdm n\u00e1zorom a trestn\u00fdm \u010dinom nie je ot\u00e1zkou sympati\u00ed ani mor\u00e1lneho hodnotenia. Ide o pr\u00e1vnu anal\u00fdzu zalo\u017een\u00fa na obsahu v\u00fdroku, jeho konkr\u00e9tnosti, kontexte, \u00famysle a forme.<\/p>\n

                      Ak v\u00fdrok hodnot\u00ed vojnu, politiku alebo \u0161t\u00e1tne konanie bez schva\u013eovania konkr\u00e9tneho trestn\u00e9ho \u010dinu konkr\u00e9tnej osoby, ide o politick\u00fd n\u00e1zor \u2013 nie o trestn\u00fd \u010din.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                      Ako dnes rozl\u00ed\u0161i\u0165 politick\u00fd n\u00e1zor od trestn\u00e9ho \u010dinu schva\u013eovania napr. agresie na Ukrajine, alebo v inom \u0161t\u00e1te. Ve\u013emi dobr\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka \u2013 pr\u00e1ve rozl\u00ed\u0161enie medzi politick\u00fdm n\u00e1zorom a trestn\u00fdm \u010dinom schva\u013eovania je jadrom viacer\u00fdch medializovan\u00fdch trestn\u00fdch k\u00e1uz na Slovensku. Nejde pritom o subjekt\u00edvny pocit, sympatie \u010di mor\u00e1lne hodnotenie v\u00fdroku, ale o presn\u00e9 pr\u00e1vne krit\u00e9ri\u00e1, ktor\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-31073","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-exo-news"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31073","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=31073"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31073\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":31074,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31073\/revisions\/31074"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=31073"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=31073"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=31073"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}