{"id":31182,"date":"2026-01-22T17:31:25","date_gmt":"2026-01-22T17:31:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/?p=31182"},"modified":"2026-01-22T17:40:50","modified_gmt":"2026-01-22T17:40:50","slug":"mapa-mollovo-vyhlasenie-anglickych-uzemnych-narokov-v-severnej-amerike","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/mapa-mollovo-vyhlasenie-anglickych-uzemnych-narokov-v-severnej-amerike\/","title":{"rendered":"Mapa Mollovo vyhl\u00e1senie anglick\u00fdch \u00fazemn\u00fdch n\u00e1rokov v Severnej Amerike"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>V ranom 18. storo\u010d\u00ed sa kartografia stala n\u00e1strojom geopolitickej propagandy. Herman Moll, nemeck\u00fd kartograf usaden\u00fd v Lond\u00fdne, vydal v roku 1720 (s neskor\u0161\u00edmi ed\u00edciami vr\u00e1tane 1733) mapu \u201eA New MAP of the North Parts of AMERICA claimed by FRANCE under ye Names of LOUISIANA, MISSISSIPI, CANADA and NEW FRANCE with ye Adjoyning Territories of ENGLAND and SPAIN\u201c. <\/p>\n<p>T\u00e1to ve\u013ek\u00e1 dvojlistov\u00e1 rytina je jedn\u00fdm z najagres\u00edvnej\u0161\u00edch anglick\u00fdch kartografick\u00fdch vyhl\u00e1sen\u00ed proti franc\u00fazskym \u00fazemn\u00fdm n\u00e1rokom v Severnej Amerike. Moll ju vytvoril ako priamu odpove\u010f na Guillaume de l\u2019Isleovu mapu Louisiany z roku 1718, ktor\u00fa ozna\u010dil za svojho hlavn\u00e9ho nepriate\u013ea (b\u00eate noire). <\/p>\n<h1>Mapa Mollovo vyhl\u00e1senie anglick\u00fdch \u00fazemn\u00fdch n\u00e1rokov v Severnej Amerike<\/h1>\n<p>Mapa nie je len geografick\u00fdm popisom \u2013 je politick\u00fdm manifestom, ktor\u00fd vyz\u00fdva anglick\u00fdch vlastn\u00edkov plant\u00e1\u017e\u00ed, obchodn\u00edkov a \u0161\u013eachticov, aby si v\u0161imli franc\u00fazske \u201eencroachments\u201c (zasahovanie) do ich \u00fazem\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h2>Historick\u00fd kontext a Mollova motiv\u00e1cia<\/h2>\n<p>Za\u010diatkom 18. storo\u010dia sa anglick\u00e9 a franc\u00fazske imp\u00e9rium v Severnej Amerike dostali do priameho konfliktu o \u00fazemia. Franc\u00fazi (najm\u00e4 cez de l\u2019Isleove mapy) tvrdili, \u017ee kontroluj\u00fa obrovsk\u00fa oblas\u0165 od \u00fastia Mississippi a\u017e po Ve\u013ek\u00e9 jazer\u00e1 a Kanadu, \u010d\u00edm Angli\u010danom ponech\u00e1vali len \u00fazky p\u00e1s pozd\u013a\u017e v\u00fdchodn\u00e9ho pobre\u017eia. Mollova mapa je odpove\u010fou na tieto pretencie \u2013 sna\u017e\u00ed sa uk\u00e1za\u0165, \u017ee franc\u00fazske hranice s\u00fa neopodstatnen\u00e9 a \u017ee Angli\u010dania maj\u00fa legit\u00edmne n\u00e1roky na ove\u013ea \u0161ir\u0161ie \u00fazemia, najm\u00e4 na juhov\u00fdchode (dne\u0161n\u00e1 Carolina, Georgia, Alabama).<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class =\"cento\" src=\"\/image\/Moll-North-America.jpg\" alt=\"Mapa Mollovo vyhl\u00e1senie anglick\u00fdch \u00fazemn\u00fdch n\u00e1rokov v Severnej Amerike\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Mapa vy\u0161la najprv samostatne v roku 1720, potom bola zaraden\u00e1 do Mollovho \u00faspe\u0161n\u00e9ho atlasu \u201eThe World Described\u201c (ktor\u00fd konkuroval Senexovmu \u201eEnglish Atlas\u201c). Tento pr\u00edklad je zo 4. stavu (state 4), vydan\u00fd medzi 1733 a 1763, s imprintom Thomas Bowles a John Bowles (Lond\u00fdn). Moll sa opieral o anglick\u00e9 zdroje, ako rukopisn\u00e9 mapy Richarda Berresforda (karol\u00ednsky plant\u00e1\u017enik), Nathanaela Blackmora (hydrograf Kr\u00e1\u013eovsk\u00e9ho n\u00e1morn\u00edctva), kapit\u00e1na Thomasa Nairna (juho-karol\u00ednsky agent pre indi\u00e1nske z\u00e1le\u017eitosti) a ironicky aj o de l\u2019Isleovu mapu z Par\u00ed\u017ea 1718 \u2013 ale len preto, aby ju kritizoval.<\/p>\n<h3>Asert\u00edvne vyhl\u00e1senie v titulku a textoch na mape<\/h3>\n<p>Najsilnej\u0161\u00ed politick\u00fd moment je v titulnom paneli mapy. Moll priamo vyz\u00fdva div\u00e1ka: \u201eThe French Divisions are inserted on purpose, that those Noblemen, Gentlemen, Merchants, &#038;c. who are interested in our Plantations in those Parts, may observe whether they agree with their Proprieties, or do not justly deserve ye Name of Incroachments\u2026\u201c (Franc\u00fazske delenia s\u00fa vlo\u017een\u00e9 z\u00e1merne, aby t\u00ed \u0161\u013eachtici, gentlemani, obchodn\u00edci at\u010f., ktor\u00ed maj\u00fa z\u00e1ujem o na\u0161e plant\u00e1\u017ee v t\u00fdchto \u010dastiach, mohli pos\u00fadi\u0165, \u010di sa zhoduj\u00fa s ich vlastn\u00edctvom, alebo si nezasl\u00fa\u017eia n\u00e1zov z\u00e1sahov&#8230;).<\/p>\n<p>\u010ealej Moll uv\u00e1dza zdroje a hranice pod\u013ea de l\u2019Isleovej mapy: \u201e&#8230;the Division or Bounds according to that Map, which Bounds begin 30 Miles S. West from Charles Town in Carolina and run on to ye Indian fort Saqueshanok 30 Miles West of Philadelphia &#038;c.\u201c T\u00fdmto Moll ukazuje, ako franc\u00fazske hranice zasahuj\u00fa hlboko do anglick\u00fdch \u00fazem\u00ed \u2013 od 30 m\u00ed\u013e juhoz\u00e1padne od Charlestonu a\u017e po indi\u00e1nsku pevnos\u0165 Saqueshanok 30 m\u00ed\u013e z\u00e1padne od Philadelphie. Toto je priame obvinenie z \u201eencroachments\u201c a v\u00fdzva na obranu anglick\u00fdch n\u00e1rokov.<\/p>\n<h2>Geografick\u00e9 prvky a deform\u00e1cie<\/h2>\n<p>Mapa zobrazuje Severn\u00fa Ameriku ju\u017ene od 53. rovnobe\u017eky. Hranice imp\u00e9ri\u00ed s\u00fa farebne odl\u00ed\u0161en\u00e9: franc\u00fazske modrou, anglick\u00e9 \u017eltou, \u0161panielske \u010dervenou. Obsahuje:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ve\u013ek\u00fd inset Karol\u00edny \u2013 detailn\u00e1 mapa juhov\u00fdchodu, lep\u0161ia ne\u017e na in\u00fdch tla\u010den\u00fdch map\u00e1ch tej doby, zalo\u017een\u00e1 na Berresfordovom rukopise.<\/li>\n<li>Inset Annapolis Royal (Nova Scotia) od Blackmora.<\/li>\n<li>Reky, indi\u00e1nske kmene, pevnosti, osady, obchodn\u00e9 cesty (trading paths).<\/li>\n<li>Chyby: ostrovn\u00e1 Kalifornia, prehnan\u00e9 Ve\u013ek\u00e9 jazer\u00e1, Florida pr\u00edli\u0161 \u00fazka, delta Mississippi posunut\u00e1 pr\u00edli\u0161 na v\u00fdchod.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Moll sa sna\u017eil by\u0165 presn\u00fd na z\u00e1klade anglick\u00fdch zdrojov (Nairneov straten\u00fd mapov\u00fd n\u00e1vrh obhajoval agres\u00edvnu expanziu Karol\u00edny a aliancie proti Franc\u00fazom a \u0160panielom), ale st\u00e1le kop\u00edroval niektor\u00e9 franc\u00fazske deform\u00e1cie.<\/p>\n<h3>V\u00fdznam pre anglick\u00fa propagandu<\/h3>\n<p>Mapa sa stala komer\u010dne \u00faspe\u0161nou a \u0161iroko distribuovanou \u2013 sl\u00fa\u017eila ako definit\u00edvny obraz anglick\u00fdch kol\u00f3ni\u00ed pre anglick\u00fa verejnos\u0165. Bola s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou \u0161ir\u0161ieho konfliktu, ktor\u00fd vyvrcholil Franc\u00fazsko-indi\u00e1nskou vojnou (1754\u20131763). Mollov text a hranice priamo podporovali anglick\u00fa expanziu na z\u00e1pad a juh, odmietaj\u00fac franc\u00fazske tvrdenia o \u201eLouisiane\u201c ako o obrovskom \u00fazem\u00ed blokuj\u00facom Angli\u010danov.<\/p>\n<h2>Technick\u00e9 detaily a rarita<\/h2>\n<p>Mapa je rytina na dvoch listoch spojen\u00fdch, ve\u013ekos\u0165 pribli\u017ene 24 \u00d7 40 palcov (61 \u00d7 102 cm) na neatline plus okraje. Stav: outline farba (\u010diasto\u010dne vyblednut\u00e1), mierne zne\u010distenie, vystu\u017een\u00e9 z\u00e1hyby, ve\u013emi dobr\u00fd stav. Je pova\u017eovan\u00e1 za ve\u013emi vz\u00e1cnu, najm\u00e4 v kontexte Mollov\u00fdch pr\u00e1c a jej politickej ostrosti. Cena na trhu star\u00fdch m\u00e1p sa pohybuje okolo 6000 USD za tento stav.<\/p>\n<h3>Kartografia ako zbra\u0148 imp\u00e9ria<\/h3>\n<p>Herman Mollova mapa \u201eThe North Parts of America\u201c z roku 1720 (s ed\u00edciami do 1763) nie je len geografick\u00fdm dielom \u2013 je asert\u00edvnym vyhl\u00e1sen\u00edm anglick\u00fdch \u00fazemn\u00fdch n\u00e1rokov proti Franc\u00fazom. Titulok a texty priamo obvi\u0148uj\u00fa z \u201eincroachments\u201c a vyz\u00fdvaj\u00fa anglick\u00fdch z\u00e1ujemcov, aby si obh\u00e1jili svoje plant\u00e1\u017ee a vlastn\u00edctva. V \u010dase, ke\u010f sa imp\u00e9ri\u00e1 bili o Severn\u00fa Ameriku, Mollova mapa pomohla formova\u0165 anglick\u00e9 vn\u00edmanie hran\u00edc a prispela k ideologickej pr\u00edprave na bud\u00face konflikty. Dnes je cenen\u00e1 ako k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fd dokument koloni\u00e1lnej rivality a rannej geopolitickej kartografie.<\/p>\n<p>Ak v\u00e1s zauj\u00edmaj\u00fa star\u00e9 mapy Severnej Ameriky, Mollova pr\u00e1ca patr\u00ed k t\u00fdm najpolitickej\u0161\u00edm a najvplyvnej\u0161\u00edm z obdobia pred Sedemro\u010dnou vojnou.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V ranom 18. storo\u010d\u00ed sa kartografia stala n\u00e1strojom geopolitickej propagandy. Herman Moll, nemeck\u00fd kartograf usaden\u00fd v Lond\u00fdne, vydal v roku 1720 (s neskor\u0161\u00edmi ed\u00edciami vr\u00e1tane 1733) mapu \u201eA New MAP of the North Parts of AMERICA claimed by FRANCE under ye Names of LOUISIANA, MISSISSIPI, CANADA and NEW FRANCE with ye Adjoyning Territories of ENGLAND [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-31182","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-historia-anatolij-fomenko"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31182","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=31182"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31182\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":31188,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31182\/revisions\/31188"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=31182"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=31182"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=31182"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}