{"id":31189,"date":"2026-01-22T18:04:33","date_gmt":"2026-01-22T18:04:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/?p=31189"},"modified":"2026-01-22T18:24:24","modified_gmt":"2026-01-22T18:24:24","slug":"najlepsia-mapa-noveho-anglicka-z-18-storocia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/najlepsia-mapa-noveho-anglicka-z-18-storocia\/","title":{"rendered":"Najlep\u0161ia mapa Nov\u00e9ho Anglicka z 18. storo\u010dia"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>V 18. storo\u010d\u00ed, ke\u010f Nov\u00e9 Anglicko prech\u00e1dzalo dramatick\u00fdmi zmenami \u2013 od franc\u00fazsko-indi\u00e1nskej vojny po prv\u00e9 roky americkej revol\u00facie \u2013 vznikla mapa, ktor\u00e1 sa stala \u0161tandardom pre cel\u00fa oblas\u0165. Zostavil ju Braddock Mead (pod pseudonymom John Green), vydal Thomas Jefferys v Lond\u00fdne. Ed\u00edcia z 29. novembra 1774 (piaty zo \u0161iestich zn\u00e1mych stavov) je pova\u017eovan\u00e1 za vrchol tohto diela. <\/p>\n<p>Pre desa\u0165ro\u010dia bola najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ou, najdetailnej\u0161ou a najpresnej\u0161ou tla\u010denou mapou Nov\u00e9ho Anglicka \u2013 mnoh\u00ed historici a kartografi ju ozna\u010duj\u00fa za najlep\u0161iu mapu regi\u00f3nu v celom 18. storo\u010d\u00ed, ktor\u00fa neprekonali a\u017e do 19. storo\u010dia (napr. a\u017e mapy Henryho Tannera 1825 alebo Nathana Halea 1826).<\/p>\n<h1>Autorstvo a v\u00fdvoj mapy  Nov\u00e9ho Anglicka z 18. storo\u010dia<\/h1>\n<p>Genialitou za mapou bol Braddock Mead (alias John Green), geni\u00e1lny kartograf pracuj\u00faci pre Jefferysa. Green zbieral, analyzoval a kriticky hodnotil obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estvo zdrojov \u2013 od skuto\u010dn\u00fdch prieskumov a\u017e po astronomick\u00e9 pozorovania. Ako poznamen\u00e1vaj\u00fa odborn\u00edci: \u201eGreen mal v\u00fdnimo\u010dn\u00fa schopnos\u0165 zbiera\u0165 a hodnoti\u0165 zdroje, \u010do potvrdzoval na map\u00e1ch scrupulously.\u201c Mapa vy\u0161la prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t v roku 1755 (v \u010dase franc\u00fazsko-indi\u00e1nskej vojny), bola revidovan\u00e1 v rokoch 1767\u20131768 (druh\u00e1 ed\u00edcia) a \u010falej upravovan\u00e1 a\u017e do 1790-tych rokov. Ed\u00edcia 1774 (piaty stav) vy\u0161la pravdepodobne v Jefferysovom American Atlas a odr\u00e1\u017ea zmeny z obdobia pred revol\u00faciou.<\/p>\n<p>Thomas Jefferys (1719\u20131771), popredn\u00fd britsk\u00fd kartograf a vydavate\u013e, bol \u201eved\u00facim britsk\u00fdm map\u00e1rom svojej doby\u201c a urobil z Lond\u00fdna centrum kartografick\u00e9ho pokroku. Po jeho smrti pokra\u010doval jeho syn Thomas Jr. Mapa bola komer\u010dne \u00faspe\u0161n\u00e1 najm\u00e4 po rev\u00edzi\u00e1ch, ke\u010f sa stala k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdm zdrojom pre eur\u00f3pskych a americk\u00fdch kartografov.<\/p>\n<h3>Technick\u00e9 detaily a form\u00e1t<\/h3>\n<p>Mapa je mediorytina (copperplate engraving) na \u0161tyroch listoch spojen\u00fdch po dvoch, ve\u013ekos\u0165 pribli\u017ene 40 palcov na v\u00fd\u0161ku \u00d7 40 palcov na \u0161\u00edrku (cca 102 \u00d7 102 cm) po spojen\u00ed. Pred\u00e1vala sa ako ve\u013ek\u00e1 n\u00e1stenn\u00e1 mapa, v listoch alebo viazan\u00e1. Pou\u017e\u00edva sa early outline color s wash farbami (napr. Vermont v tejto ed\u00edcii). Stav: light toning a offsetting, opravy na verso, mal\u00e9 straty v rohoch (neovplyv\u0148uj\u00fa obraz), ve\u013emi dobr\u00fd stav. Cena na trhu star\u00fdch m\u00e1p sa pohybuje okolo 9500 USD za tento exempl\u00e1r.<\/p>\n<h2>Geografick\u00e9 pokrytie a k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 prvky<\/h2>\n<p>Mapa zobrazuje najhustej\u0161ie os\u00eddlen\u00fa \u010das\u0165 Nov\u00e9ho Anglicka a\u017e po 44\u00b030\u2032 severnej \u0161\u00edrky, vr\u00e1tane Long Islandu a \u00fadolia rieky Hudson. Pokr\u00fdva provincie Massachusetts Bay a New Hampshire, kol\u00f3nie Connecticut a Rhode Island, rozdelen\u00e9 na gr\u00f3fstva a townshipy. Detailne ukazuje:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>hrani\u010dn\u00e9 \u010diary provinci\u00ed, gr\u00f3fstiev a townshipov (vr\u00e1tane nov\u00fdch townshipov v New Hampshire a Vermonte),<\/li>\n<li>cesty, pevnosti, meetinghouse (kostoly), rieky a potoky (s relat\u00edvnou presnos\u0165ou),<\/li>\n<li>horstvo v archaickom \u201emolehill\u201c \u0161t\u00fdle (kop\u010deky),<\/li>\n<li>inset pl\u00e1n Bostonu (horn\u00fd \u013eav\u00fd roh), mal\u00fd chart Boston Harbor (dole v strede),<\/li>\n<li>dekorat\u00edvny cartouche s mytologizovan\u00fdm poh\u013eadom na prist\u00e1tie Pilgrimov v Plymouthi \u2013 postava v t\u00f3ge nesie liberty cap na ty\u010di (symbol slobody).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>V rev\u00edzi\u00e1ch (1768 a nesk\u00f4r) boli pridan\u00e9 desiatky nov\u00fdch townshipov, prepracovan\u00e1 geografia severu (Connecticut River, White Mountains), Vermont prekreslen\u00fd a ozna\u010den\u00fd farbou. Pozn\u00e1mka z\u00e1padne od Hudsonu uv\u00e1dza: \u201eConnecticut River is fixed by his Majesty in Council to be the Bounds between New York and New Hampshire\u201c \u2013 rie\u0161enie dlhoro\u010dn\u00e9ho sporu o Vermont.<\/p>\n<h3>Historick\u00fd a politick\u00fd kontext<\/h3>\n<p>Prv\u00e1 ed\u00edcia 1755 patr\u00ed do obdobia franc\u00fazsko-indi\u00e1nskej vojny (1754\u20131763) \u2013 mapa mala posilni\u0165 anglick\u00e9 n\u00e1roky a delegitimizova\u0165 franc\u00fazske (napr. p\u00f4vodn\u00fd inset Fort Frederik na Crown Point bol nahraden\u00fd Boston pl\u00e1nom). Ed\u00edcie po 1768 patria do obdobia pred revol\u00faciou: Boston sa stal epicentrom nap\u00e4tia (Boston Massacre 1770, Tea Party 1773). Mapa sl\u00fa\u017eila informovan\u00fdm Britom aj kolonistom na pochopenie fractious (rozporupln\u00fdch) kol\u00f3ni\u00ed. Bola prim\u00e1rnym zdrojom pre mapy po\u010das revolu\u010dnej vojny a odr\u00e1\u017ea rast\u00faci z\u00e1ujem verejnosti o regi\u00f3n v \u010dase konfliktov.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"cento\" src=\"https:\/\/bostonraremaps.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/BRM4738-Jefferys_Mead-New-England-1774_lowres-2741x3000.jpg\" alt=\"Thomas Jefferys mapa Most Inhabited Part of New England 1774\" style=\"max-width:100%; height:auto;\"><\/p>\n<h2>Pre\u010do je pova\u017eovan\u00e1 za najlep\u0161iu mapu Nov\u00e9ho Anglicka 18. storo\u010dia?<\/h2>\n<p>Jefferysova (Meadova) mapa bola desa\u0165ro\u010dia najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ou mierkou, najdetailnej\u0161ou a najpresnej\u0161ou tla\u010denou mapou Nov\u00e9ho Anglicka. \u017diadna region\u00e1lna mapa ju neprekonala a\u017e do 19. storo\u010dia \u2013 individu\u00e1lne mapy \u0161t\u00e1tov sa objavili v 1790-tych rokoch, ale celkov\u00e1 superiorita trvala. Ako p\u00ed\u0161u odborn\u00edci: \u201ePre-eminent 18th-century map of New England, arguably not superseded until well into the 19th century.\u201c Jej popularita dokazuje dopyt po detailn\u00fdch inform\u00e1ci\u00e1ch o oblasti, kde sa odohr\u00e1vali k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 udalosti vojen.<\/p>\n<h3>Ikona koloni\u00e1lnej kartografie<\/h3>\n<p>Mapa Thomasa Jefferysa z roku 1774 (zalo\u017een\u00e1 na pr\u00e1ci Braddocka Meada) nie je len kartografick\u00fdm dielom \u2013 je vrcholom britskej koloni\u00e1lnej kartografie Nov\u00e9ho Anglicka. S detailmi townshipov, ciest, pevnost\u00ed a hran\u00edc poskytla najlep\u0161\u00ed dostupn\u00fd obraz regi\u00f3nu v \u010dase, ke\u010f sa rodila americk\u00e1 nez\u00e1vislos\u0165. Dnes je cenen\u00e1 pre svoju presnos\u0165, kr\u00e1su a historick\u00fd v\u00fdznam \u2013 symbol \u00e9ry, ke\u010f mapa sl\u00fa\u017eila ako n\u00e1stroj imp\u00e9ria, diplomacie aj revol\u00facie. Ak h\u013ead\u00e1te najlep\u0161iu mapu Nov\u00e9ho Anglicka, toto je ona.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V 18. storo\u010d\u00ed, ke\u010f Nov\u00e9 Anglicko prech\u00e1dzalo dramatick\u00fdmi zmenami \u2013 od franc\u00fazsko-indi\u00e1nskej vojny po prv\u00e9 roky americkej revol\u00facie \u2013 vznikla mapa, ktor\u00e1 sa stala \u0161tandardom pre cel\u00fa oblas\u0165. Zostavil ju Braddock Mead (pod pseudonymom John Green), vydal Thomas Jefferys v Lond\u00fdne. Ed\u00edcia z 29. novembra 1774 (piaty zo \u0161iestich zn\u00e1mych stavov) je pova\u017eovan\u00e1 za vrchol [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-31189","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-historia-anatolij-fomenko"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31189","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=31189"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31189\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":31200,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31189\/revisions\/31200"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=31189"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=31189"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=31189"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}