{"id":31201,"date":"2026-01-22T18:27:45","date_gmt":"2026-01-22T18:27:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/?p=31201"},"modified":"2026-01-22T18:29:36","modified_gmt":"2026-01-22T18:29:36","slug":"mapa-bermud-1738-rarita-kolonialnej-kartografie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/mapa-bermud-1738-rarita-kolonialnej-kartografie\/","title":{"rendered":"Mapa Berm\u00fad 1738: Rarita koloni\u00e1lnej kartografie"},"content":{"rendered":"

Clement Lempriere \u2013 Mapa Berm\u00fad 1738: Rarita koloni\u00e1lnej kartografie a najpresnej\u0161ia mapa ostrova svojej doby. Bermudy (Bermuda alebo Summer Islands) boli v 18. storo\u010d\u00ed k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdm britsk\u00fdm strategick\u00fdm a obchodn\u00fdm bodom v Atlantiku \u2013 ale ich mapy boli pln\u00e9 nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdch ch\u00fdb, ktor\u00e9 sp\u00f4sobovali \u010dast\u00e9 stroskotania lod\u00ed. <\/p>\n

V roku 1738 vydal Clement Lempriere (s rytcom Williamom Henrym Tomsom) mapu, ktor\u00e1 sa stala m\u00ed\u013enikom: **To his Excellency Alured Popple Esq. Governour of Bermuda, or the Summer Islands This Map From a new Survey, Correcting ye Dangerous Errors in all ye CHARTS of that Place hitherto Publish\u2019d Is humbly Dedicated by C. Lempriere, and W.H. Toms**. <\/p>\n

T\u00e1to mediorytina je pova\u017eovan\u00e1 za najpresnej\u0161iu a najkvalitnej\u0161iu tla\u010den\u00fa mapu Berm\u00fad svojej \u00e9ry a prototyp pre v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inu neskor\u0161\u00edch publikovan\u00fdch m\u00e1p ostrova a\u017e do 19. storo\u010dia. Ako rarita koloni\u00e1lnej kartografie je dnes extr\u00e9mne vz\u00e1cna \u2013 na trhu sa objavili len tri exempl\u00e1re oboch stavov za posledn\u00e9 desa\u0165ro\u010dia.<\/p>\n

Clement Lempriere Mapa Berm\u00fad 1738 a historick\u00fd kontext mapy<\/h1>\n

Clement Lempriere (nar. okolo 1683 na Jersey, zom. po 1746) bol vojensk\u00fd kartograf, nesk\u00f4r Chief Draughtsman v Tower of London (1741\u20131746). Pracoval na ve\u013ek\u00fdch projektoch, vr\u00e1tane Henryho Poppleovej mapy Britsk\u00e9ho imp\u00e9ria v Amerike (1733), kde pravdepodobne prispel k detailom Berm\u00fad. Mapu Berm\u00fad vytvoril v Lond\u00fdne na z\u00e1klade nov\u00e9ho prieskumu (new survey), ktor\u00fd opravoval chyby v predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facich chart\u00e1ch \u2013 najm\u00e4 tie od Richarda Norwoda (1663\u20131665), ktor\u00e9 kop\u00edrovali Arent Roggeveen a Johannes van Keulen.<\/p>\n

Mapa bola venovan\u00e1 guvern\u00e9rovi Aluredovi Poppleovi (guvern\u00e9r od 1738), \u010do nazna\u010duje ofici\u00e1lny alebo poloofici\u00e1lny charakter. Vydan\u00e1 23. okt\u00f3bra 1738 v Lond\u00fdne Lempriereom a Tomsom, sl\u00fa\u017eila n\u00e1morn\u00edkom na bezpe\u010dnej\u0161iu navig\u00e1ciu v nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdch vod\u00e1ch okolo ostrovov. Lempriere explicitne uv\u00e1dza, \u017ee predch\u00e1dzaj\u00face mapy obsahovali \u201eDangerous Errors\u201c, ktor\u00e9 viedli k strate mnoh\u00fdch lod\u00ed: \u201eFor want of ye Knowledge whereof … occasions ye loss of great Number of Vessels, whose Wrecks are frequently found on these Coasts.\u201c<\/p>\n

Geografick\u00e9 a naviga\u010dn\u00e9 prvky mapy<\/h3>\n

Mapa presne ur\u010duje polohu Berm\u00fad: \u201eLatitude of 32 d 15 m North and in the Longitude (as lately corrected) of 64 o 40\u2019 West from ye Meridian of London\u201c. T\u00e1to korekcia longitude vych\u00e1dza z pozorovan\u00ed zatmen\u00ed v rokoch 1722 a 1726 \u2013 St. George’s Island je umiestnen\u00fd na \u201e64 deg: 48 Min. of the Equator\u201c. <\/p>\n

Hlavn\u00fd d\u00f4raz je na nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 plyt\u010diny (shoals), najm\u00e4 na severnej strane, kde s\u00fa ozna\u010den\u00e9 vraky lod\u00ed \u2013 vr\u00e1tane \u201ea great number of Wrecks of Vessels and among others that of a very Rich Spanish Ship near a Century ago wch. Was once discover\u2019d but is now always Fish\u2019d for in vain\u201c (bohat\u00e1 \u0161panielska lo\u010f z pred storo\u010dia, objaven\u00e1, ale m\u00e1rne loven\u00e1).<\/p>\n

\"Mapa<\/p>\n

Ju\u017en\u00e9 pobre\u017eie je op\u00edsan\u00e9 ako \u201ethe Boldest Coast about Bermudas & wherein some places the Largest Ships may w.th Safety come within half Gun Shot of ye Shore\u201c. Kan\u00e1ly do pr\u00edstavov s\u00fa \u201every narrow and Shoaly\u201c, ale mapa ukazuje bezpe\u010dn\u00fd priechod do Southampton Harbour. \u010eal\u0161ie pozn\u00e1mky: lov ve\u013er\u00fdb v\u00fdchodne od ostrova medzi marcom a m\u00e1jom. Vn\u00fatrozemie je rozdelen\u00e9 na \u201etribes\u201c (kme\u0148ov\u00e9 oblasti) pod\u013ea investorov Somers Island Company z roku 1615. <\/p>\n

Fortifik\u00e1cie s\u00fa zobrazen\u00e9 okolo Southampton Harbour (vynechan\u00e9 niektor\u00e9 bat\u00e9rie z mapy Johna Speeda z 17. storo\u010dia). Interi\u00e9r ostrova je menej detailn\u00fd ako u Speeda \u2013 mapa je prim\u00e1rne naviga\u010dn\u00e1, nie topografick\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Pre\u010do je to rarita koloni\u00e1lnej kartografie?<\/h2>\n

Lempriereova mapa predstavuje ve\u013ek\u00fd pokrok v koloni\u00e1lnej kartografii Berm\u00fad \u2013 prv\u00fd v\u00fdznamn\u00fd po prieskume Norwoda pred 70 rokmi. Opravuje chyby v polohe a plyt\u010din\u00e1ch, \u010d\u00edm v\u00fdrazne zni\u017euje riziko stroskotania. Stala sa prototypom pre neskor\u0161ie mapy (vr\u00e1tane reed\u00edci\u00ed a kop\u00edrovania v 18.\u201319. storo\u010d\u00ed). Je to samostatne vydan\u00e1 (separately published) mediorytina, nie s\u00fa\u010das\u0165 atlasu, \u010do ju rob\u00ed e\u0161te vz\u00e1cnej\u0161ou.<\/p>\n

In\u0161titucion\u00e1lne exempl\u00e1re: prv\u00fd stav v British Library, John Carter Brown Library a Yale; druh\u00fd stav (okolo 1740\/1741, s imprint Toms & Harding) v Biblioth\u00e8que nationale de France. Na antikv\u00e1rnom trhu sa objavili len tri kusy: napr. prv\u00fd stav predan\u00fd Paulus Swaen v 2010 za 11 250 USD. Pon\u00fakan\u00fd exempl\u00e1r (Boston Rare Maps) je na laid papieri, s \u013eahk\u00fdm foxingom a soilingom, uzavret\u00fdmi trhlinami v strede (jedna zasahuje 1\u201c do obrazu), ale vo ve\u013emi dobrom stave. Cena: 22 500 USD \u2013 odr\u00e1\u017ea extr\u00e9mnu raritu a historick\u00fd v\u00fdznam.<\/p>\n

Porovnanie s predchodcami a vplyv<\/h3>\n

Pred Lempriereom dominovali mapy zalo\u017een\u00e9 na Norwodovom prieskume (kop\u00edrovan\u00e9 Roggeveen 1675, van Keulen ca. 1684, John Speed 1676). Tie mali chybn\u00e9 polo\u017eenie plyt\u010d\u00edn a longitude, \u010do viedlo k nehod\u00e1m. Lempriere priniesol modern\u00e9 pozorovania (eclipses) a detailn\u00fa deline\u00e1ciu shoals. Jeho pr\u00e1ca ovplyvnila neskor\u0161ie vydania (napr. Sayerove mapy Berm\u00fad) a stala sa z\u00e1kladom pre navig\u00e1ciu v Atlantiku po\u010das 18. storo\u010dia.<\/p>\n

Ikona n\u00e1mornej presnosti v koloni\u00e1lnej \u00e9re<\/h2>\n

Clement Lempriereova mapa Berm\u00fad z roku 1738 nie je len kartografick\u00fdm dielom \u2013 je praktick\u00fdm n\u00e1strojom na z\u00e1chranu \u017eivotov a lod\u00ed v nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdch vod\u00e1ch. Ako \u201efinest printed map of the island of its day\u201c a \u201eprototype for most published maps of the island into the next century\u201c predstavuje vrchol koloni\u00e1lnej tvorby m\u00e1p pre tento mal\u00fd, ale strategick\u00fd ostrov. <\/p>\n

Jej rarita dnes (len nieko\u013eko zn\u00e1mych exempl\u00e1rov) a vysok\u00e1 cena na trhu pod\u010diarkuj\u00fa jej v\u00fdznam: ide o k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fd dokument britskej n\u00e1mornej dominancie v Atlantiku, kde presn\u00e1 mapa znamenala rozdiel medzi \u00faspechom a katastrofou. Ak zbierate mapy Karibiku alebo Atlantiku, Lempriereova Bermuda patr\u00ed k t\u00fdm naj\u017eiadanej\u0161\u00edm rarit\u00e1m 18. storo\u010dia.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Clement Lempriere \u2013 Mapa Berm\u00fad 1738: Rarita koloni\u00e1lnej kartografie a najpresnej\u0161ia mapa ostrova svojej doby. Bermudy (Bermuda alebo Summer Islands) boli v 18. storo\u010d\u00ed k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdm britsk\u00fdm strategick\u00fdm a obchodn\u00fdm bodom v Atlantiku \u2013 ale ich mapy boli pln\u00e9 nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdch ch\u00fdb, ktor\u00e9 sp\u00f4sobovali \u010dast\u00e9 stroskotania lod\u00ed. V roku 1738 vydal Clement Lempriere (s rytcom Williamom Henrym […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-31201","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-historia-anatolij-fomenko"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31201","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=31201"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31201\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":31205,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31201\/revisions\/31205"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=31201"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=31201"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=31201"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}