{"id":31206,"date":"2026-01-22T19:37:52","date_gmt":"2026-01-22T19:37:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/?p=31206"},"modified":"2026-01-22T19:37:52","modified_gmt":"2026-01-22T19:37:52","slug":"starofarebny-priklad-mapy-bermud-z-roku-1675","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/starofarebny-priklad-mapy-bermud-z-roku-1675\/","title":{"rendered":"Starofarebn\u00fd pr\u00edklad mapy Berm\u00fad z roku 1675"},"content":{"rendered":"

Arent Roggeveen \u2013 Pascaerte van \u2019t E\u00ffland la Bermuda (1675): Kr\u00e1sny starofarebn\u00fd pr\u00edklad najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161ej mapy Berm\u00fad 17. storo\u010dia. V druhej polovici 17. storo\u010dia, ke\u010f Bermudy (zn\u00e1me aj ako Summer Islands) boli k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdm britsk\u00fdm strategick\u00fdm bodom v Atlantiku, vznikla mapa, ktor\u00e1 sa stala \u0161tandardom pre cel\u00e9 storo\u010die.<\/p>\n

Vydan\u00e1 v roku 1675 v Amsterdame Pieterom Goosom ako s\u00fa\u010das\u0165 prv\u00e9ho morsk\u00e9ho atlasu Amer\u00edk *Het Brandende Veen* (\u201eHor\u013eav\u00e1 ra\u0161elina\u201c \u2013 slovn\u00e1 hra na Roggeveenovo meno), je t\u00e1to mediorytina v starom ru\u010dnom farben\u00ed (old-color) pova\u017eovan\u00e1 za najatrakt\u00edvnej\u0161iu, najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161iu a najvz\u00e1cnej\u0161iu tla\u010den\u00fa chartu Berm\u00fad z obdobia 17. storo\u010dia. Ako prv\u00e1 tla\u010den\u00e1 mapa zalo\u017een\u00e1 na prieskume Richarda Norwoda (1663\u20131665) nastavila \u0161tandard zobrazenia ostrovov na viac ako \u0161es\u0165 desa\u0165ro\u010d\u00ed \u2013 a\u017e do pr\u00edchodu Clementa Lempriereho v 1738.<\/p>\n

Arent Roggeveen a *Het Brandende Veen* \u2013 prv\u00fd morsk\u00fd atlas Amer\u00edk<\/h2>\n

Arent Roggeveen (zom. 1679) bol holandsk\u00fd navig\u00e1tor, lektor navig\u00e1cie a kartograf pracuj\u00faci pre Holandsk\u00fa z\u00e1padoindick\u00fa spolo\u010dnos\u0165 (WIC). Okolo roku 1670 dostal \u00falohu skompilova\u0165 a opravi\u0165 tajn\u00e9 arch\u00edvy morsk\u00fdch m\u00e1p spolo\u010dnosti. V\u00fdsledkom bola zbierka 33 chart, ktor\u00e9 vydal Pieter Goos v Amsterdame v 1675 pod n\u00e1zvom *Het Brandende Veen*. Tento atlas je historicky prv\u00e9 vydan\u00e9 dielo venovan\u00e9 v\u00fdlu\u010dne morsk\u00fdm map\u00e1m Amer\u00edk \u2013 predbehol anglick\u00fd ekvivalent (*The English Pilot. The Fourth Book* od Thorntona a Fishera) o takmer 15 rokov.<\/p>\n

Roggeveenova mapa Berm\u00fad je v tomto atlase v\u00fdnimo\u010dn\u00e1: hoci atlas \u010derpal z holandsk\u00fdch zdrojov pre Karibik a Ju\u017en\u00fa Ameriku, pre Bermudy sa opieral v\u00fdlu\u010dne o anglick\u00e9 prieskumy \u2013 najm\u00e4 o survey Richarda Norwoda z rokov 1663\u20131665. Norwoodov prieskum bol prv\u00fd detailn\u00fd, no jeho skor\u0161ie tla\u010den\u00e9 verzie (Newberie 1622 \u2013 \u017eiadny zn\u00e1my exempl\u00e1r; Speed 1626) mali chyby. Roggeveen ich zjednodu\u0161il a prisp\u00f4sobil na navig\u00e1ciu: odstr\u00e1nil nepotrebn\u00e9 vn\u00fatrozemsk\u00e9 delenie na \u201etribes\u201c a s\u00fastredil sa na pobre\u017eie a nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 plyt\u010diny (reefs).<\/p>\n

Geografick\u00e9 a naviga\u010dn\u00e9 prvky mapy<\/h3>\n

Mapa je orientovan\u00e1 na sever, zobrazuje cel\u00fd bermudsk\u00fd s\u00faostrovie a pri\u013eahl\u00e9 more. Detailne vykres\u013euje zlo\u017eit\u00fa l\u00edniu pobre\u017eia a najm\u00e4 prstenec \u00fatesov (reefs), ktor\u00e9 obkolesuj\u00fa ju\u017en\u00fa polovicu ostrovov \u2013 tieto \u00fatesy boli hlavnou pr\u00ed\u010dinou stoviek stroskotan\u00ed v 17.\u201318. storo\u010d\u00ed. Vn\u00fatrozemie je minim\u00e1lne: \u017eiadne podrobn\u00e9 topografick\u00e9 detaily, \u017eiadny cartouche, insety ani dekorat\u00edvne vin\u011bty \u2013 \u010dist\u00e1 naviga\u010dn\u00e1 charta.<\/p>\n

Star\u00e9 ru\u010dn\u00e9 farbenie (old-color) dod\u00e1va mape kr\u00e1su: modr\u00e9 more kontrastuje s b\u00e9\u017eov\u00fdmi\/\u017elt\u00fdmi \u00fatesmi a zelenkav\u00fdmi ostrovmi, \u010do zv\u00fdraz\u0148uje nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 z\u00f3ny. Presnos\u0165 je vysok\u00e1 v\u010faka Norwoodovi, no Roggeveen ju zjednodu\u0161il pre praktick\u00e9 pou\u017eitie n\u00e1morn\u00edkov. Mapa meria pribli\u017ene 16 \u00bc \u00d7 20 \u00bd palca (41 \u00d7 52 cm) na neatline plus okraje \u2013 ide\u00e1lna ve\u013ekos\u0165 pre lodn\u00fa kab\u00ednu.<\/p>\n

Pre\u010do je to \u201ekr\u00e1sny starofarebn\u00fd pr\u00edklad\u201c a rarita?<\/h2>\n

Tento exempl\u00e1r z Boston Rare Maps je op\u00edsan\u00fd ako \u201elovely old-color example\u201c \u2013 mierne tonovan\u00fd a s offsettingom (pretl\u00e1\u010dan\u00edm z opa\u010dnej strany), inak v excelentnom stave. Star\u00e9 farbenie (ru\u010dne aplikovan\u00e9 kr\u00e1tko po tla\u010di) je vz\u00e1cne zachovan\u00e9 a dod\u00e1va mape estetick\u00fa hodnotu: kontrastn\u00e9 farby zd\u00f4raz\u0148uj\u00fa \u00fatesy a pobre\u017eie, \u010do rob\u00ed chartu nielen funk\u010dnou, ale aj vizu\u00e1lne p\u00f4sobivou.<\/p>\n

Rarita je extr\u00e9mna: jednotliv\u00e9 charty z *Het Brandende Veen* (napr. Cape Cod) s\u00fa \u201elegend\u00e1rne vz\u00e1cne\u201c. Cel\u00fd atlas je v in\u0161tit\u00faci\u00e1ch, ale samostatn\u00e9 listy sa na trhu objavuj\u00fa ve\u013emi zriedka \u2013 za posledn\u00e9 desa\u0165ro\u010dia len minimum exempl\u00e1rov. Cena tohto kr\u00e1sneho starofarebn\u00e9ho k\u00fasku: 25 000 USD \u2013 odr\u00e1\u017ea historick\u00fd v\u00fdznam, estetiku a nedostatok na trhu.<\/p>\n

\"Starofarebn\u00fd<\/p>\n

Porovnanie s predchodcami a n\u00e1stupcami<\/h3>\n

Pred Roggeveenom: Norwoodov survey (1663\u20131665) \u2192 Newberie 1622 (nezachovan\u00fd), John Speed 1626 (kop\u00edroval Norwooda s chybami). Roggeveen je prv\u00fd tla\u010den\u00fd deriv\u00e1t Norwooda v holandskom atlase. Po \u0148om: mapa dominovala viac ako 60 rokov \u2013 a\u017e Clement Lempriere v 1738 priniesol nov\u00fd survey a opravil longitude a plyt\u010diny. Roggeveenova charta v\u0161ak zostala z\u00e1kladom a\u017e do 18. storo\u010dia.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdznam v koloni\u00e1lnej kartografii Berm\u00fad<\/h2>\n

T\u00e1to mapa je \u201emost significant, attractive, and very rare chart of Bermuda\u201c \u2013 najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161ia zobrazenie s\u00faostrovia z druhej polovice 17. storo\u010dia. Ukazuje kr\u00ed\u017eov\u00fa v\u00fdmenu znalost\u00ed: holandsk\u00fd atlas pou\u017e\u00edva anglick\u00fd prieskum pre britsk\u00fd ostrov. V \u00e9re, ke\u010f presn\u00e1 navig\u00e1cia znamenala pre\u017eitie (Bermudy boli pln\u00e9 vrakov), Roggeveenova charta zachr\u00e1nila \u017eivoty a lode. Ako s\u00fa\u010das\u0165 prv\u00e9ho morsk\u00e9ho atlasu Amer\u00edk predbehla anglick\u00e9 ekvivalenty a nastavila \u0161tandard pre kartografiu Atlantiku.<\/p>\n

Ikona n\u00e1mornej kr\u00e1sy a presnosti<\/h3>\n

Arent Roggeveenova mapa Berm\u00fad z 1675 v starom ru\u010dnom farben\u00ed nie je len naviga\u010dnou chartou \u2013 je umeleck\u00fdm a historick\u00fdm skvostom. S detailn\u00fdmi \u00fatesmi, \u010dist\u00fdmi l\u00edniami a zachovan\u00fdm old-color je jedn\u00fdm z najkraj\u0161\u00edch pr\u00edkladov ranonovovekej morskej kartografie. Jej rarita, v\u00fdznam (prv\u00e1 tla\u010den\u00e1 na z\u00e1klade Norwooda) a estetika ju robia vrcholom zbierok star\u00fdch m\u00e1p Berm\u00fad. Ak h\u013ead\u00e1te kr\u00e1sny, funk\u010dn\u00fd a extr\u00e9mne vz\u00e1cny kus koloni\u00e1lnej hist\u00f3rie Atlantiku, toto je jeden z t\u00fdch naj\u017eiadanej\u0161\u00edch exempl\u00e1rov 17. storo\u010dia.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Arent Roggeveen \u2013 Pascaerte van \u2019t E\u00ffland la Bermuda (1675): Kr\u00e1sny starofarebn\u00fd pr\u00edklad najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161ej mapy Berm\u00fad 17. storo\u010dia. V druhej polovici 17. storo\u010dia, ke\u010f Bermudy (zn\u00e1me aj ako Summer Islands) boli k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdm britsk\u00fdm strategick\u00fdm bodom v Atlantiku, vznikla mapa, ktor\u00e1 sa stala \u0161tandardom pre cel\u00e9 storo\u010die. Vydan\u00e1 v roku 1675 v Amsterdame Pieterom Goosom ako […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-31206","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-historia-anatolij-fomenko"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31206","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=31206"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31206\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":31207,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31206\/revisions\/31207"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=31206"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=31206"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=31206"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}