{"id":31217,"date":"2026-01-23T11:47:37","date_gmt":"2026-01-23T11:47:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/?p=31217"},"modified":"2026-01-23T11:54:33","modified_gmt":"2026-01-23T11:54:33","slug":"dohoda-o-obrane-gronska-z-roku-1951-a-usa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/dohoda-o-obrane-gronska-z-roku-1951-a-usa\/","title":{"rendered":"Dohoda o obrane Gr\u00f3nska z roku 1951 s USA"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

V posledn\u00fdch t\u00fd\u017ed\u0148och sa op\u00e4\u0165 rozhorela diskusia o Gr\u00f3nsku \u2013 najm\u00e4 po vyjadreniach americk\u00e9ho prezidenta Donalda Trumpa a stretnut\u00ed s gener\u00e1lnym tajomn\u00edkom NATO Markom Ruttem v Davose. Mnoh\u00ed sa p\u00fdtaj\u00fa: Pre\u010do USA vlastne chc\u00fa \u201ek\u00fapi\u0165\u201c Gr\u00f3nsko, ke\u010f u\u017e desa\u0165ro\u010dia maj\u00fa v krajine v\u00fdrazn\u00fa vojensk\u00fa pr\u00edtomnos\u0165? <\/p>\n

Odpove\u010f sa skr\u00fdva v dokumente z obdobia studenej vojny \u2013 Dohode o obrane Gr\u00f3nska z 27. apr\u00edla 1951<\/strong>. T\u00e1to bilater\u00e1lna zmluva medzi USA a D\u00e1nskym kr\u00e1\u013eovstvom je st\u00e1le plne platn\u00e1 a d\u00e1va Ameri\u010danom pr\u00e1va, ktor\u00e9 mnoh\u00fdm pripadaj\u00fa a\u017e prekvapivo \u0161irok\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Historick\u00fd kontext: Pre\u010do vznikla dohoda Gr\u00f3nska z roku 1951 s USA?<\/h1>\n

Po druhej svetovej vojne sa Arkt\u00edda stala strategicky k\u013e\u00fa\u010dovou oblas\u0165ou. Sovietsky zv\u00e4z vyv\u00edjal strategick\u00e9 bombard\u00e9ry s dlh\u00fdm doletom a jadrov\u00e9 zbrane. Najkrat\u0161ia cesta z USSR do Severnej Ameriky viedla pr\u00e1ve cez severn\u00fd p\u00f3l a Gr\u00f3nsko. USA potrebovali radarov\u00e9 stanice na v\u010dasn\u00e9 varovanie a leteck\u00e9 z\u00e1kladne na pr\u00edpadn\u00fa odvetu.<\/p>\n

Gr\u00f3nsko bolo vtedy (a form\u00e1lne st\u00e1le je) s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou D\u00e1nskeho kr\u00e1\u013eovstva. D\u00e1nsko ako zakladaj\u00faci \u010dlen NATO (1949) nemalo kapacity na samostatn\u00fa obranu tak obrovsk\u00e9ho a riedko os\u00eddlen\u00e9ho \u00fazemia. Preto NATO vyzvalo Washington a Koda\u0148, aby vyjednali \u0161pecifick\u00fa dohodu. V\u00fdsledkom bola zmluva podp\u00edsan\u00e1 27. apr\u00edla 1951 v Kodani \u2013 ofici\u00e1lne nazvan\u00e1 Agreement between the United States of America and the Government of the Kingdom of Denmark pursuant to the North Atlantic Treaty concerning the defense of Greenland<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Preambula a z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 princ\u00edpy dohody<\/h2>\n

Dohoda v preambule explicitne odkazuje na Severoatlantick\u00fa zmluvu (NATO) a princ\u00edpy sebaobrany a vz\u00e1jomnej pomoci. Obe strany sa zav\u00e4zuj\u00fa prispieva\u0165 k obrane Severoatlantick\u00e9ho priestoru. NATO ich vyzvalo, aby umo\u017enili ozbrojen\u00fdm sil\u00e1m alian\u010dn\u00fdch kraj\u00edn vyu\u017e\u00edva\u0165 zariadenia v Gr\u00f3nsku na obranu cel\u00e9ho \u00fazemia NATO \u2013 nielen Gr\u00f3nska samotn\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n

K\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 je, \u017ee dohoda neznamen\u00e1 prevod suverenity<\/strong>. D\u00e1nsko si ponech\u00e1va pln\u00fa suverenitu nad Gr\u00f3nskom. USA z\u00edskavaj\u00fa len pr\u00e1va na prev\u00e1dzku v tzv. \u201edefense areas\u201c (obrann\u00fdch oblastiach), ktor\u00e9 sa dohodn\u00fa spolo\u010dne na z\u00e1klade pl\u00e1nov NATO.<\/p>\n

\u010cl\u00e1nok II \u2013 jadrov\u00e9 pr\u00e1va USA v obrann\u00fdch oblastiach<\/h2>\n

Najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161ia \u010das\u0165 celej dohody je \u010cl\u00e1nok II. Tu sa USA zav\u00e4zuj\u00fa pom\u00e1ha\u0165 D\u00e1nsku v oblastiach, ktor\u00e9 D\u00e1nsko samo nedok\u00e1\u017ee br\u00e1ni\u0165. V t\u00fdchto \u201edefense areas\u201c maj\u00fa Ameri\u010dania pr\u00e1vo:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • stava\u0165, in\u0161talova\u0165, udr\u017eiava\u0165 a prev\u00e1dzkova\u0165 vojensk\u00e9 zariadenia (leteck\u00e9 z\u00e1kladne, radary, pr\u00edstavy, komunika\u010dn\u00e9 centr\u00e1),<\/li>\n
  • umiest\u0148ova\u0165 person\u00e1l, vybavenie a z\u00e1soby,<\/li>\n
  • kontrolova\u0165 prist\u00e1vanie, vzlet, kotvenie a pohyb lod\u00ed, lietadiel a in\u00fdch plavidiel,<\/li>\n
  • vo\u013ene pristupova\u0165 a pohybova\u0165 sa medzi t\u00fdmito oblas\u0165ami cez cel\u00e9 Gr\u00f3nsko (vr\u00e1tane teritori\u00e1lnych v\u00f4d) bez obmedzen\u00ed (okrem vz\u00e1jomnej dohody),<\/li>\n
  • oslobodenie od pilot\u00e1\u017ee, sveteln\u00fdch a pr\u00edstavn\u00fdch poplatkov.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee v dohodnut\u00fdch z\u00f3nach maj\u00fa USA prakticky neobmedzen\u00fa kontrolu \u2013 vr\u00e1tane imunity pre svoj person\u00e1l (podobne ako v in\u00fdch NATO status of forces agreements \u2013 SOFA).<\/p>\n

    Ostatn\u00e9 d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 \u010dl\u00e1nky dohody<\/h2>\n

    \u010cl\u00e1nok I \u2013 Spolo\u010dn\u00e1 zodpovednos\u0165<\/h3>\n

    Obidve krajiny sa zav\u00e4zuj\u00fa r\u00fdchlo plni\u0165 svoje \u00falohy pod\u013ea pl\u00e1nov NATO a spolupracova\u0165 na stabilite v Severoatlantickom priestore.<\/p>\n

    \u010cl\u00e1nok III \u2013 D\u00e1nska \u00fa\u010das\u0165<\/h3>\n

    D\u00e1nsko m\u00f4\u017ee pripoji\u0165 svojich vojakov k americk\u00e9mu veleniu v t\u00fdchto oblastiach.<\/p>\n

    \u010cl\u00e1nok IV \u2013 Re\u0161pektovanie d\u00e1nskych z\u00e1konov<\/h3>\n

    USA sa zav\u00e4zuj\u00fa spolupracova\u0165 s d\u00e1nskymi \u00faradmi, re\u0161pektova\u0165 miestne z\u00e1kony (kde je to mo\u017en\u00e9) a umo\u017eni\u0165 d\u00e1nskym predstavite\u013eom vo\u013en\u00fd pohyb v\u0161ade v Gr\u00f3nsku.<\/p>\n

    \u010cl\u00e1nok V\u2013VII \u2013 Jurisdikcia, clo, dane a po\u0161ta<\/h3>\n

    USA maj\u00fa prim\u00e1rnu jurisdikciu nad svojimi vojakmi (s\u00fadenie za trestn\u00e9 \u010diny). Osoby a tovar USA s\u00fa osloboden\u00e9 od cla, dan\u00ed a mnoh\u00fdch regul\u00e1ci\u00ed. Americk\u00e1 po\u0161ta funguje samostatne.<\/p>\n

    \u010cl\u00e1nok VIII \u2013 Platnos\u0165 na neur\u010dito<\/h3>\n

    Dohoda plat\u00ed donekone\u010dna, k\u00fdm ju jedna strana nevypovie alebo sa nedohodn\u00fa na zmene.<\/p>\n

    Doplnenia a aktualiz\u00e1cie po roku 1951<\/h2>\n

    V roku 2004 bola dohoda v\u00fdrazne upraven\u00e1 tzv. Igaliku Agreement<\/strong> (podp\u00edsan\u00e1 6. augusta 2004). Po vzniku gr\u00f3nskej auton\u00f3mie (Home Rule, nesk\u00f4r Self-Government Act 2009) sa po\u010det \u201edefense areas\u201c zredukoval na minimum \u2013 dnes je prakticky jedinou akt\u00edvnou oblas\u0165ou Thule Air Base<\/strong> (dnes Pituffik Space Base). Nov\u00e9 oblasti m\u00f4\u017eu vznika\u0165 len po spolo\u010dnej dohode.<\/p>\n

    Gr\u00f3nsko m\u00e1 dnes v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed hlas \u2013 d\u00e1nska vl\u00e1da mus\u00ed konzultova\u0165 s gr\u00f3nskou auton\u00f3miou v\u0161etky d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 rozhodnutia. To bolo potvrden\u00e9 aj v reakci\u00e1ch gr\u00f3nskeho premi\u00e9ra Jens-Frederika Nielsena na ned\u00e1vne udalosti.<\/p>\n

    Ako sa dohoda prejavuje dnes (2026)?<\/h2>\n

    Americk\u00e1 pr\u00edtomnos\u0165 v Gr\u00f3nsku je dnes v\u00fdrazne men\u0161ia ako v 50.\u201380. rokoch (kedy v Thule sl\u00fa\u017eilo vy\u0161e 10 000 vojakov). Aktu\u00e1lne ide hlavne o:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • radarov\u00fd syst\u00e9m na v\u010dasn\u00e9 varovanie pred balistick\u00fdmi raketami ( s\u00fa\u010das\u0165 americk\u00e9ho protiraketov\u00e9ho \u0161t\u00edtu),<\/li>\n
    • vesm\u00edrne sledovanie (Space Force),<\/li>\n
    • monitorovanie arktickej aktivity Ruska a \u010c\u00edny.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Analytici (napr. z NYT, History.com) zd\u00f4raz\u0148uj\u00fa: Trump nepotrebuje kupova\u0165 Gr\u00f3nsko \u2013 sta\u010d\u00ed roz\u0161\u00edri\u0165 alebo aktualizova\u0165 existuj\u00facu dohodu z 1951. To je presne to, \u010do Rutte v Davose navrhoval \u2013 posilnenie NATO v Arkt\u00edde bez zmeny suverenity.<\/p>\n

      Suverenita vs. strategick\u00e9 z\u00e1ujmy<\/h3>\n

      Dohoda z roku 1951 je klasick\u00fd pr\u00edklad studenovojensk\u00e9ho kompromisu: D\u00e1nsko\/Gr\u00f3nsko si ponech\u00e1va vlajku a suverenitu, USA z\u00edskavaj\u00fa prakticky neobmedzen\u00fd vojensk\u00fd pr\u00edstup v k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdch oblastiach. V \u00e9re topenia Arkt\u00eddy, nov\u00fdch tr\u00e1s a konkurencie s Ruskom a \u010c\u00ednou sa tento dokument st\u00e1va op\u00e4\u0165 mimoriadne aktu\u00e1lny.<\/p>\n

      Gr\u00f3nsko nie je na predaj \u2013 ale jeho strategick\u00fd v\u00fdznam rastie. A k\u00fdm plat\u00ed dohoda z 1951, USA maj\u00fa v ruk\u00e1ch siln\u00e9 karty bez potreby anexie alebo n\u00e1kupu.<\/p>\n

      Trump \u2013 Rutte v Davose: Suverenita Gr\u00f3nska sa nerokovala \u2013 ne\u0161lo o prevod vlastn\u00edctva alebo stratu d\u00e1nskej suverenity. Rokovania sa t\u00fdkali len aktualiz\u00e1cie obrannej dohody z roku 1951 (ktor\u00e1 u\u017e teraz umo\u017e\u0148uje USA ve\u013ek\u00fa pr\u00edtomnos\u0165 na z\u00e1kladniach ako Thule), posilnenia bezpe\u010dnosti proti Rusku\/\u010c\u00edne a NATO \u00falohe v Arkt\u00edde.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      V posledn\u00fdch t\u00fd\u017ed\u0148och sa op\u00e4\u0165 rozhorela diskusia o Gr\u00f3nsku \u2013 najm\u00e4 po vyjadreniach americk\u00e9ho prezidenta Donalda Trumpa a stretnut\u00ed s gener\u00e1lnym tajomn\u00edkom NATO Markom Ruttem v Davose. Mnoh\u00ed sa p\u00fdtaj\u00fa: Pre\u010do USA vlastne chc\u00fa \u201ek\u00fapi\u0165\u201c Gr\u00f3nsko, ke\u010f u\u017e desa\u0165ro\u010dia maj\u00fa v krajine v\u00fdrazn\u00fa vojensk\u00fa pr\u00edtomnos\u0165? Odpove\u010f sa skr\u00fdva v dokumente z obdobia studenej vojny \u2013 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-31217","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-exo-news"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31217","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=31217"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31217\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":31224,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31217\/revisions\/31224"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=31217"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=31217"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=31217"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}