21. janu\u00e1ra 1968 sa odohrala jedna z najv\u00e1\u017enej\u0161\u00edch jadrov\u00fdch neh\u00f4d studenej vojny: americk\u00fd bombard\u00e9r B-52G Stratofortress havaroval na morskom \u013eade v North Star Bay ne\u010faleko Thule Air Base v Gr\u00f3nsku. Lietadlo nieslo \u0161tyri termonukle\u00e1rne bomby B28FI s v\u00fdkonom 1,1 megat\u00f3n ka\u017ed\u00e1. Incident, zn\u00e1my ako \u201eThule accident\u201c alebo \u201eBroken Arrow\u201c, sp\u00f4sobil r\u00e1dioakt\u00edvnu kontamin\u00e1ciu plut\u00f3niom na ploche nieko\u013ek\u00fdch kilometrov \u0161tvorcov\u00fdch.<\/p>\n
B-52G (volac\u00ed znak HOBO 28) z 380th Strategic Aerospace Wing od\u0161tartoval z Plattsburgh AFB v New Yorku na rutinn\u00fa misiu \u201eChrome Dome\u201c \u2013 nepretr\u017eit\u00fa vzdu\u0161n\u00fa jadrov\u00fa pohotovos\u0165 nad Arkt\u00eddou. Misia mala monitorova\u0165 bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 Thule a Baffin Bay proti sovietskym hrozb\u00e1m.<\/p>\n
O 6 hod\u00edn nesk\u00f4r, okolo 15:00 EST, sa v kab\u00edne objavil dym \u2013 zap\u00e1lil sa matrac v naviga\u010dnej \u010dasti. Po\u017eiar sa r\u00fdchlo roz\u0161\u00edril, zni\u010dil elektrick\u00e9 syst\u00e9my. Pos\u00e1dka (7 \u010dlenov pod veden\u00edm kapit\u00e1na Johna Hauga) sa pok\u00fasila n\u00fadzovo prist\u00e1\u0165 na Thule, ale ohe\u0148 bol nekontrolovate\u013en\u00fd. V 15:22 pos\u00e1dka vysko\u010dila pad\u00e1kmi. \u0160es\u0165 \u010dlenov pre\u017eilo s \u013eahk\u00fdmi zraneniami, jeden (kapit\u00e1n Leonard Svitenko) zahynul pri pokuse o \u00fanik (nemal katapultovacie sedadlo).<\/p>\n
Bezpos\u00e1dkov\u00e9 lietadlo pokra\u010dovalo severne, oto\u010dilo sa o 180\u00b0 a o 15:39 narazilo na \u013ead v North Star Bay asi 12 km z\u00e1padne od z\u00e1kladne. Dopad v uhle 20\u00b0 vytvoril 50-metrov\u00fa br\u00e1zdu. Konven\u010dn\u00e9 v\u00fdbu\u0161niny vo v\u0161etk\u00fdch \u0161tyroch bomb\u00e1ch explodovali, roztrhli jadrov\u00e9 hlavice a rozpt\u00fdlili plut\u00f3nium, ur\u00e1n, amer\u00edcium a tr\u00edtium. Nehoda nesp\u00f4sobila jadrov\u00fa expl\u00f3ziu (bezpe\u010dnostn\u00e9 mechanizmy fungovali), ale fungovala ako \u201e\u0161pinav\u00e1 bomba\u201c.<\/p>\n
Expl\u00f3zia rozmetala r\u00e1dioakt\u00edvny materi\u00e1l na ploche okolo 7\u20138 km\u00b2. Hor\u00face palivo roztopilo \u013ead na viacer\u00fdch miestach, plut\u00f3nium preniklo do vody a sedimentov. Kontamin\u00e1cia sa roz\u0161\u00edrila a\u017e 20 km od miesta (vr\u00e1tane oblasti Narsaarsuk). Celkovo sa uvo\u013enilo okolo 10 TBq plut\u00f3nia-239.<\/p>\n
Do hod\u00edn aktivovali Strategic Air Command t\u00edm na katastrofy. Oper\u00e1cia \u201eCrested Ice\u201c (janu\u00e1r\u2013apr\u00edl 1968) zah\u0155\u0148ala vy\u0161e 700 \u0161pecialistov z USA a D\u00e1nska + 1200 miestnych pracovn\u00edkov. Pou\u017eili prenosn\u00e9 scintila\u010dn\u00e9 po\u010d\u00edta\u010de na mapovanie radi\u00e1cie. Odstr\u00e1nili 237 000 kubick\u00fdch st\u00f4p kontaminovan\u00e9ho snehu, \u013eadu a troskov \u2013 nalo\u017eili do prepravn\u00fdch kontajnerov a odviezli lo\u010fami do USA (napr. do Savannah River Site). N\u00e1klady: 9,4 mili\u00f3na USD. Odhad: odstr\u00e1nili 90 % plut\u00f3nia.<\/p>\n
D\u00e1nsko (ktor\u00e9 m\u00e1 politiku bez jadrov\u00fdch zbran\u00ed) protestovalo. V D\u00e1nsku vypukli mas\u00edvne demon\u0161tr\u00e1cie proti USA a Thule. Incident ur\u00fdchlil koniec oper\u00e1cie Chrome Dome \u2013 minister obrany McNamara nariadil stiahnutie jadrov\u00fdch zbran\u00ed z lietadiel na pohotovosti. Lety boli nesk\u00f4r \u00faplne zastaven\u00e9.<\/p>\n
V 90. rokoch a 2000-tych rokoch d\u00e1nske \u0161t\u00fadie (Projekt Thule-2003, Thule-2007) potvrdili zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 hladiny plut\u00f3nia v sedimentoch, riasach a morsk\u00fdch organizmoch a\u017e 17 km od miesta. Jedna z hlavn\u00fdch kontroverzi\u00ed: sekund\u00e1rna \u010das\u0165 jednej bomby (pravdepodobne tritiov\u00fd rezervo\u00e1r) sa nena\u0161la \u2013 zmizla pod \u013eadom alebo v mori. <\/p>\n
D\u00e1nsko a USA uzavreli tajn\u00fa dohodu, \u017ee D\u00e1nsko toleruje jadrov\u00e9 prelety v n\u00fadzi.<\/p>\n
Hav\u00e1ria viedla k pr\u00edsnej\u0161\u00edm bezpe\u010dnostn\u00fdm protokolom pre jadrov\u00e9 zbrane. V Gr\u00f3nsku a D\u00e1nsku posilnila odpor vo\u010di americkej vojenskej pr\u00edtomnosti. Dnes sa Pituffik Space Base zameriava na vesm\u00edr a obranu bez jadrov\u00fdch zbran\u00ed na palube. Incident zost\u00e1va symbolom riz\u00edk studenej vojny v Arkt\u00edde.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Hav\u00e1ria B-52 pri Thule Air Base 1968 Jeden z najhor\u0161\u00edch jadrov\u00fdch incidentov studenej vojny 21. janu\u00e1ra 1968 sa odohrala jedna z najv\u00e1\u017enej\u0161\u00edch jadrov\u00fdch neh\u00f4d studenej vojny: americk\u00fd bombard\u00e9r B-52G Stratofortress havaroval na morskom \u013eade v North Star Bay ne\u010faleko Thule Air Base v Gr\u00f3nsku. Lietadlo nieslo \u0161tyri termonukle\u00e1rne bomby B28FI s v\u00fdkonom 1,1 megat\u00f3n ka\u017ed\u00e1. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-31227","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-exo-news"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31227","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=31227"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31227\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":31229,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31227\/revisions\/31229"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=31227"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=31227"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=31227"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}