{"id":31267,"date":"2026-02-01T10:29:41","date_gmt":"2026-02-01T10:29:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/?p=31267"},"modified":"2026-02-01T10:33:21","modified_gmt":"2026-02-01T10:33:21","slug":"hydro-slovalco-v-danovych-ulavach-a-kompenzaciach-priklad","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/hydro-slovalco-v-danovych-ulavach-a-kompenzaciach-priklad\/","title":{"rendered":"Hydro\/Slovalco v da\u0148ov\u00fdch \u00fa\u013eav\u00e1ch a kompenz\u00e1ci\u00e1ch, pr\u00edklad"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ko\u013eko by Slovensko teoreticky \u201ezaplatilo\u201c Hydro\/Slovalco
v da\u0148ov\u00fdch \u00fa\u013eav\u00e1ch a kompenz\u00e1ci\u00e1ch?<\/h1>\n

Probl\u00e9m slovensk\u00e9ho hlinik\u00e1rskeho z\u00e1vodu Slovalco<\/strong> v \u017diari nad Hronom je dnes \u010dasto zhrnut\u00fd do jednej vety: vysok\u00e9 ceny elektriny a emisn\u00fdch povoleniek robia v\u00fdrobu prim\u00e1rneho hlin\u00edka v Eur\u00f3pe neekonomick\u00fa. Firma, ktor\u00fa v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inovo vlastn\u00ed n\u00f3rska spolo\u010dnos\u0165 Norsk Hydro<\/strong>, nakoniec \u00faplne zastavila prim\u00e1rnu v\u00fdrobu pr\u00e1ve kv\u00f4li zl\u00fdm ekonomick\u00fdm podmienkam. <\/p>\n

\nAk by sa vl\u00e1da rozhodla pom\u00f4c\u0165 cez da\u0148ov\u00e9 \u00fa\u013eavy, energetick\u00e9 kompenz\u00e1cie \u010di in\u00e9 stimuly, ko\u013eko by to **teoreticky st\u00e1lo da\u0148ov\u00fdch poplatn\u00edkov**? Pozrime sa na to syst\u00e9movo a \u010d\u00edselne, hoci presn\u00e9 vstupy ve\u013emi z\u00e1visia od konkr\u00e9tnych pravidiel E\u00da a rokovan\u00ed s Hydro.\n<\/p>\n

1. Odhad n\u00e1kladov na v\u00fdrobu prim\u00e1rneho hlin\u00edka<\/h2>\n

\nPrim\u00e1rna v\u00fdroba hlin\u00edka v Eur\u00f3pe je extr\u00e9mne n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1 na energiu: hlinik\u00e1re\u0148 potrebuje pribli\u017ene 14\u202fMWh elektriny na jednu tonu hlin\u00edka<\/strong>. Energia pritom dnes tvor\u00ed pribli\u017ene 30\u201340\u202f% v\u00fdrobn\u00fdch n\u00e1kladov<\/strong>.\n<\/p>\n

\nPod\u013ea anal\u00fdz aj priemern\u00e9 n\u00e1klady z ETS (emisn\u00fdch povoleniek) vych\u00e1dzaj\u00fa:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • emisn\u00e9 n\u00e1klady asociovan\u00e9 s elektrinou m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 pribli\u017ene 600\u2013700\u202f\u20ac na tonu hlin\u00edka<\/strong>, len za nepriamy CO\u2082 pass-through z ETS, ak cena povolenky je pribli\u017ene 70\u202f\u20ac\/t CO\u2082, \u010do pri spotrebe 14\u202fMWh vedie k ~0,63\u202ftCO\u2082\/MWh. <\/li>\n
  • samotn\u00e1 energia + ETS tak m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 r\u00e1dovo >\u202f1\u202f000\u202f\u20ac na tonu hlin\u00edka.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \nAk by z\u00e1vod Slovalco vyr\u00e1bal napr\u00edklad 100\u202f000 ton hlin\u00edka ro\u010dne (ve\u013ek\u00e1 \u010das\u0165 z jeho p\u00f4vodnej kapacity), len energetick\u00e9 a emisn\u00e9 n\u00e1klady by sa teoreticky mohli pohybova\u0165 medzi 100\u202f000\u202f000\u202f\u20ac a\u017e 150\u202f000\u202f000\u202f\u20ac ro\u010dne<\/strong> v z\u00e1vislosti od cien elektriny a ETS.\n<\/p>\n

    2. Ako by \u0161t\u00e1t mohol pom\u00f4c\u0165 bez priamej dot\u00e1cie<\/h2>\n

    \nPriame dot\u00e1cie by boli pova\u017eovan\u00e9 za zak\u00e1zan\u00fa \u0161t\u00e1tnu pomoc pod\u013ea pravidiel E\u00da, tak\u017ee vl\u00e1da by zrejme pou\u017eila:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • da\u0148ov\u00e9 \u00fa\u013eavy a odpo\u010dty<\/li>\n
    • kompenz\u00e1cie za vysok\u00e9 ceny elektriny<\/li>\n
    • \u00fa\u013eavy z emisn\u00fdch n\u00e1kladov (indirect ETS compensation)<\/li>\n
    • garantovan\u00e9 dlhodob\u00e9 kontrakty na elektrinu so zn\u00ed\u017eenou cenou<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \nTak\u00e9to stimuly sa nedaj\u00fa zhrn\u00fa\u0165 jedn\u00fdm presn\u00fdm \u010d\u00edslom, ale vieme ich odhadn\u00fa\u0165 pribli\u017ene takto:<\/p>\n

        \n
      • Energetick\u00e9 kompenz\u00e1cie:<\/strong> ak by \u0161t\u00e1t zn\u00ed\u017eil skuto\u010dne efekt\u00edvnu cenu elektriny pre Slovalco napr\u00edklad na \u00farove\u0148, ktor\u00e1 by zn\u00ed\u017eila rozdiel v v\u00fdrobnej n\u00e1ro\u010dnosti o ~50\u202f\u20ac\/MWh, pri 14\u202fMWh\/t a 100\u202f000\u202ft by to bolo ~70\u202f000\u202f000\u202f\u20ac ro\u010dne<\/strong>.<\/li>\n
      • Kompenz\u00e1cie ETS:<\/strong> ak by \u0161t\u00e1t prebral napr\u00edklad polovicu nepriamych ETS n\u00e1kladov (~300\u202f\u20ac na tonu), pre 100\u202f000\u202ft to predstavuje ~30\u202f000\u202f000\u202f\u20ac ro\u010dne<\/strong>.<\/li>\n
      • Da\u0148ov\u00e9 \u00fa\u013eavy:<\/strong> zn\u00ed\u017eenie dane z pr\u00edjmu pr\u00e1vnick\u00fdch os\u00f4b alebo odpisov invest\u00edci\u00ed m\u00f4\u017ee znamena\u0165 \u010fal\u0161\u00edch 10\u201330\u202fmil.\u202f\u20ac<\/strong> ro\u010dne v \u00fa\u013eav\u00e1ch, ak by sa zn\u00ed\u017eila efekt\u00edvna da\u0148ov\u00e1 sadzba o 5\u201310\u202f% z v\u00fdznamnej ziskovej b\u00e1zy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        3. S\u00fa\u010det teoretick\u00fdch \u201en\u00e1kladov\u201c pre \u0161t\u00e1t<\/h2>\n

        \nAk by slovensk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da poskytla v\u0161etky tieto stimuly spolo\u010dne:<\/p>\n

          \n
        • Energetick\u00e9 kompenz\u00e1cie:<\/strong> 70\u202fmil.\u202f\u20ac<\/li>\n
        • ETS kompenz\u00e1cie:<\/strong> 30\u202fmil.\u202f\u20ac<\/li>\n
        • Da\u0148ov\u00e9 \u00fa\u013eavy:<\/strong> 10\u201330\u202fmil.\u202f\u20ac<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          \n➡️ **Celkov\u00fd odhad podpory by mohol by\u0165 ~110\u202fmil.\u202f\u20ac a\u017e ~130\u2013140\u202fmil.\u202f\u20ac ro\u010dne** pre obnovenie priemernej prev\u00e1dzky v\u00fdroby 100\u202f000\u202ft hlin\u00edka ro\u010dne.
          \nToto je v\u0161ak iba hrub\u00fd odhad, nie presn\u00fd z\u00e1v\u00e4zok \u2014 fin\u00e1lne \u010d\u00edsla by z\u00e1viseli od konkr\u00e9tnych rokovan\u00ed, cien elektriny, ETS a trhovej ceny hlin\u00edka.\n<\/p>\n

          4. \u010co to znamen\u00e1 pre \u0161t\u00e1tny rozpo\u010det<\/h2>\n

          \nTak\u00e9to stimuly by neboli explicitn\u00e9 priame platby v hotovosti, ale sk\u00f4r **\u201eskryt\u00e9 n\u00e1klady da\u0148ov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu\u201c** alebo kompenz\u00e1cie, ktor\u00e9 by re\u00e1lne zn\u00ed\u017eili firemn\u00e9 n\u00e1klady Hydro\/Slovalca. Da\u0148ov\u00fd poplatn\u00edk by tak **neplnil priamo \u00fa\u010det Hydro**, ale zaplatil by to cez:<\/p>\n

            \n
          • ni\u017e\u0161ie da\u0148ov\u00e9 pr\u00edjmy pre \u0161t\u00e1t<\/li>\n
          • financovanie kompenz\u00e1ci\u00ed z rozpo\u010dtu<\/li>\n
          • politick\u00e9 z\u00e1v\u00e4zky v oblasti energetiky a ETS<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            \nPri takom rozsahu by to znamenalo pre Slovensko mo\u017en\u00fd v\u00fddavok **>100 mil. \u20ac ro\u010dne**, \u010do by bolo v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 najm\u00e4 vzh\u013eadom na ve\u013ekos\u0165 na\u0161ej ekonomiky.
            \nTak\u00e9to opatrenia by museli by\u0165 notifikovan\u00e9 a schv\u00e1len\u00e9 Eur\u00f3pskou komisiou pod pravidlami \u0161t\u00e1tnej pomoci E\u00da.\n<\/p>\n

            \nHydro\/Slovalco neza\u010dal svoju v\u00fdrobu v \u017diari len preto, \u017ee sa im \u201ezaplati\u0165 nechce\u201c. Hlavnou prek\u00e1\u017ekou s\u00fa **neudr\u017eate\u013en\u00e9 n\u00e1klady na energiu a emisn\u00e9 povolenky**, ktor\u00e9 Eur\u00f3pska \u00fania nezmiernila dostato\u010dne, aby bola v\u00fdroba konkurencieschopn\u00e1. <\/p>\n

            Ak by Slovensko chcelo pom\u00f4c\u0165 obnovi\u0165 v\u00fdrobu cez stimuly ako da\u0148ov\u00e9 \u00fa\u013eavy a kompenz\u00e1cie, re\u00e1lne by to mohlo st\u00e1\u0165 **stovky mili\u00f3nov eur ro\u010dne** \u2013 ale nie ako priame dot\u00e1cie, sk\u00f4r ako **skryt\u00e1 podpora cez da\u0148ov\u00fd a energetick\u00fd syst\u00e9m**.<\/p>\n

            Tak\u00e9to rie\u0161enie by v\u0161ak muselo by\u0165 starostlivo navrhnut\u00e9, aby bolo v s\u00falade s E\u00da pravidlami a ekonomicky zmyslupln\u00e9.\n<\/p>\n

            Pre\u010do Fico nem\u00f4\u017ee prik\u00e1za\u0165 Hydro obnovi\u0165 v\u00fdrobu<\/p>\n

            1️⃣ Hydro je s\u00fakromn\u00e1 zahrani\u010dn\u00e1 firma
            \nNorsk Hydro je akciov\u00e1 spolo\u010dnos\u0165 s\u00eddlo m\u00e1 v N\u00f3rsku podlieha:<\/p>\n

            n\u00f3rskemu pr\u00e1vu
            \npravidl\u00e1m akcion\u00e1rov
            \nrozhodnutiam predstavenstva<\/p>\n

            ➡️ Slovensk\u00fd premi\u00e9r jej nem\u00e1 \u010do \u201eprikazova\u0165\u201c
            \nAni Fico, ani nikto in\u00fd.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

            Ko\u013eko by Slovensko teoreticky \u201ezaplatilo\u201c Hydro\/Slovalco v da\u0148ov\u00fdch \u00fa\u013eav\u00e1ch a kompenz\u00e1ci\u00e1ch? Probl\u00e9m slovensk\u00e9ho hlinik\u00e1rskeho z\u00e1vodu Slovalco v \u017diari nad Hronom je dnes \u010dasto zhrnut\u00fd do jednej vety: vysok\u00e9 ceny elektriny a emisn\u00fdch povoleniek robia v\u00fdrobu prim\u00e1rneho hlin\u00edka v Eur\u00f3pe neekonomick\u00fa. Firma, ktor\u00fa v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inovo vlastn\u00ed n\u00f3rska spolo\u010dnos\u0165 Norsk Hydro, nakoniec \u00faplne zastavila prim\u00e1rnu v\u00fdrobu pr\u00e1ve kv\u00f4li […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-31267","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-exo-news"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31267","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=31267"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31267\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":31270,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31267\/revisions\/31270"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=31267"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=31267"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=31267"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}