V posledn\u00fdch rokoch sa st\u00e1le viac pracovn\u00edkov z Uzbekistanu rozhoduje pre odchod za pr\u00e1cou do Po\u013eska namiesto tradi\u010dn\u00e9ho cie\u013ea \u2013 Ruska. Tento trend zauj\u00edma odborn\u00edkov na migr\u00e1ciu a vyvol\u00e1va ot\u00e1zky o meniacej sa atraktivite Ruska ako cie\u013eovej krajiny pre pracovn\u00fa migr\u00e1ciu z Strednej \u00c1zie. <\/p>\n
Jedn\u00fdm z hlavn\u00fdch d\u00f4vodov je ekonomick\u00e1 kalkul\u00e1cia. Po\u013esko pon\u00faka vy\u0161\u0161ie mzdy v porovnan\u00ed s rusk\u00fdm pracovn\u00fdm trhom, najm\u00e4 v sektoroch, kde s\u00fa Uzbeki najviac zamestnan\u00ed \u2013 stavebn\u00edctvo, logistika, po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstvo a slu\u017eby. Pracovn\u00edci porovn\u00e1vaj\u00fa re\u00e1lny pr\u00edjem po odpo\u010d\u00edtan\u00ed n\u00e1kladov na \u017eivot a \u010dasto zistia, \u017ee \u010dist\u00e1 mzda v Po\u013esku je v\u00fdhodnej\u0161ia, aj ke\u010f nomin\u00e1lne s\u00fa platy v Rusku konkurencieschopn\u00e9. <\/p>\n
Po\u013esko tie\u017e pon\u00faka stabilnej\u0161ie pracovn\u00e9 podmienky a lep\u0161ie vyjedn\u00e1vacie mo\u017enosti pre migrantov. V Rusku s\u00fa pracovn\u00e9 zmluvy \u010dasto kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9 a pr\u00e1vne neist\u00e9, zatia\u013e \u010do v Po\u013esku je pr\u00e1vna ochrana migrantov v\u00fdraznej\u0161ia a dodr\u017eiavanie pracovn\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va pr\u00edsnej\u0161ie kontrolovan\u00e9. T\u00fdm sa zni\u017euje riziko nevyplatenia mzdy alebo zneu\u017eitia pracovn\u00edka. [Migration Policy Institute] <\/p>\n
Rusk\u00e9 politick\u00e9 prostredie sa st\u00e1va pre migrantov menej predv\u00eddate\u013en\u00e9. Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 kontrola \u0161t\u00e1tu, legislat\u00edvne zmeny t\u00fdkaj\u00face sa zahrani\u010dn\u00fdch pracovn\u00edkov a neistota v d\u00f4sledku medzin\u00e1rodn\u00fdch sankci\u00ed robia Rusko menej atrakt\u00edvnym. Naopak, Po\u013esko, ako \u010dlen E\u00da, poskytuje politick\u00fa a pr\u00e1vnu stabilitu, ktor\u00e1 migrantov upokojuje a zvy\u0161uje d\u00f4veru v dlhodob\u00fd pobyt. <\/p>\n
Aj ke\u010f jazykov\u00e1 bari\u00e9ra m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 probl\u00e9mom, Uzbeki nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa v Po\u013esku siln\u00fa komunitu stredo\u00e1zijsk\u00fdch pracovn\u00edkov a slu\u017eby prisp\u00f4soben\u00e9 migrantom. Dostupnos\u0165 ubytovania, komunitn\u00e1 podpora a praktick\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie o \u017eivote v Po\u013esku u\u013eah\u010duj\u00fa adapt\u00e1ciu. V Rusku s\u00fa niektor\u00e9 regi\u00f3ny menej pr\u00edstupn\u00e9, a men\u0161ia integr\u00e1cia komun\u00edt m\u00f4\u017ee zni\u017eova\u0165 atraktivitu. <\/p>\n
Napriek tomu, \u017ee Po\u013esko l\u00e1ka vy\u0161\u0161\u00edmi pr\u00edjmami a stabilitou, migr\u00e1cia nie je bez rizika. Pracovn\u00edci sa stret\u00e1vaj\u00fa s byrokraciou, ob\u010dasnou diskrimin\u00e1ciou a pr\u00e1vnymi komplik\u00e1ciami pri pobyte \u010di zamestnan\u00ed. Na druhej strane, Rusko st\u00e1le ost\u00e1va ve\u013ekou destin\u00e1ciou pre t\u00fdch, ktor\u00ed u\u017e maj\u00fa kontakty alebo rodinu v krajine, no tento po\u010det kles\u00e1. <\/p>\n
Trend, \u017ee si \u010doraz viac migruj\u00facich pracovn\u00edkov z Uzbekistanu vyber\u00e1 Po\u013esko pred Ruskom, odr\u00e1\u017ea kombin\u00e1ciu ekonomick\u00fdch, soci\u00e1lnych a politick\u00fdch faktorov. Vy\u0161\u0161ie mzdy, lep\u0161ie pracovn\u00e9 podmienky, pr\u00e1vna istota a predv\u00eddate\u013en\u00e1 politick\u00e1 situ\u00e1cia robia z Po\u013eska atrakt\u00edvnu alternat\u00edvu. <\/p>\n
Rusko s\u00edce st\u00e1le l\u00e1ka tradi\u010dn\u00fdch migrantov, no jeho postavenie slabne, \u010do signalizuje potenci\u00e1lne dlhodob\u00e9 zmeny v migra\u010dn\u00fdch tokoch z Strednej \u00c1zie. Pre mnoh\u00fdch migrantov sa teda jednoducho ukazuje, \u017ee \u201ev\u0161etko je lep\u0161ie\u201c v Po\u013esku ne\u017e v Rusku. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Viac migruj\u00facich pracovn\u00edkov z Uzbekistanu vyber\u00e1 Po\u013esko pred Ruskom V posledn\u00fdch rokoch sa st\u00e1le viac pracovn\u00edkov z Uzbekistanu rozhoduje pre odchod za pr\u00e1cou do Po\u013eska namiesto tradi\u010dn\u00e9ho cie\u013ea \u2013 Ruska. Tento trend zauj\u00edma odborn\u00edkov na migr\u00e1ciu a vyvol\u00e1va ot\u00e1zky o meniacej sa atraktivite Ruska ako cie\u013eovej krajiny pre pracovn\u00fa migr\u00e1ciu z Strednej \u00c1zie. Ekonomick\u00e9 faktory […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-31309","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-meduza"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31309","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=31309"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31309\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":31313,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31309\/revisions\/31313"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=31309"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=31309"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=31309"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}