Po roku 70 n.\u202fl., ke\u010f Rimania zni\u010dili Jeruzalem a Druh\u00fd chr\u00e1m, Izraeliti (\u017didia) zostali rozpt\u00fdlen\u00ed po celom Stredomor\u00ed, Egypte, Babyl\u00f3nii a \u010fal\u0161\u00edch oblastiach R\u00edmskej r\u00ed\u0161e. Tento rozptyl sa ozna\u010duje ako \u017eidovsk\u00e1 diasp\u00f3ra<\/strong> a znamenal koniec s\u00fastreden\u00e9ho izraelsk\u00e9ho \u0161t\u00e1tu na takmer 2000 rokov.<\/p>\n Po zni\u010den\u00ed Jeruzalema sa tis\u00edce Izraelitov stali obe\u0165ou zabitia, otroctva alebo vyhnanstva. Vznikli \u017eidovsk\u00e9 komunity v R\u00edme, Alexandrii, Babyl\u00f3nii, Hisp\u00e1nii a na Balk\u00e1ne. Napriek tomu si Izraeliti udr\u017eiavali svoju n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fa a kult\u00farnu identitu prostredn\u00edctvom synag\u00f3g, \u0161t\u00fadia T\u00f3ry a zachov\u00e1vania trad\u00edci\u00ed.<\/p>\n V 2. storo\u010d\u00ed n.\u202fl. vypuklo v Judei povstanie pod veden\u00edm \u0160imona Bar Kochbu<\/strong> proti Rimanom. Povstanie bolo kruto potla\u010den\u00e9 a Rimania zak\u00e1zali \u017eidovsk\u00e9 os\u00eddlenie v Jeruzaleme, ktor\u00e9 premenovali na Aelia Capitolina<\/em>. Tento z\u00e1sah sp\u00f4sobil e\u0161te v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed rozptyl Izraelitov a upevnil diasp\u00f3ru.<\/p>\n V stredoveku sa Izraeliti roz\u0161\u00edrili po Eur\u00f3pe, Severnej Afrike a Bl\u00edzkom v\u00fdchode. Komunity si udr\u017eiavali n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 trad\u00edcie, jazyky (hebrej\u010dina, aramej\u010dina, nesk\u00f4r jidi\u0161 a ladino) a kult\u00farnu kontinuitu, hoci politick\u00e1 jednota ch\u00fdbala. Spojenie bolo najm\u00e4 kult\u00farne a n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9.<\/p>\n Koniec 19. storo\u010dia priniesol vznik sionistick\u00e9ho hnutia, ktor\u00e9ho cie\u013eom bolo znovuz\u00edska\u0165 n\u00e1rodn\u00fa \u0161t\u00e1tnos\u0165 a vr\u00e1ti\u0165 sa do historickej Palest\u00edny. Ved\u00face osobnosti ako Theodor Herzl<\/strong> a Chajim Weizmann<\/strong> zakladali politick\u00e9 hnutia, kupovali p\u00f4du a budovali \u017eidovsk\u00e9 osady. Tento proces bol za\u010diatkom re\u00e1lneho \u00fazemn\u00e9ho zjednotenia Izraelitov po st\u00e1ro\u010diach diasp\u00f3ry.<\/p>\n Po druhej svetovej vojne a holokauste sa konsolidovala medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e1 podpora pre zriadenie \u017eidovsk\u00e9ho \u0161t\u00e1tu. D\u0148a 14. m\u00e1ja 1948<\/strong> bol vyhl\u00e1sen\u00fd \u0161t\u00e1t Izrael<\/strong>, \u010d\u00edm sa politicky naplnila dlhoro\u010dn\u00e1 t\u00fa\u017eba po n\u00e1rodnej jednote a samostatnosti. Od tohto momentu sa Izraeliti znovu zjednotili politicky a \u00fazemne.<\/p>\n Rozptyl po roku 70 n.\u202fl. znamenal takmer 2000 rokov \u017eivota v diasp\u00f3re, po\u010das ktor\u00e9ho si Izraeliti zachovali kult\u00farnu a n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fa identitu. Modern\u00fd \u0161t\u00e1t Izrael je v\u00fdsledkom sionistick\u00e9ho hnutia a historick\u00e9ho naplnenia t\u00fa\u017eby po vlastnom \u00fazem\u00ed a politickej jednote. Tento proces ukazuje, ako pretrv\u00e1vaj\u00faca kult\u00farna a n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e1 kontinuita dok\u00e1\u017ee pre\u017ei\u0165 dlh\u00e9 obdobia bez samostatn\u00e9ho \u0161t\u00e1tu a nakoniec vy\u00fasti\u0165 do obnovy n\u00e1rodnej suverenity.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Od diasp\u00f3ry po modern\u00fd \u0161t\u00e1t Izrael Po roku 70 n.\u202fl., ke\u010f Rimania zni\u010dili Jeruzalem a Druh\u00fd chr\u00e1m, Izraeliti (\u017didia) zostali rozpt\u00fdlen\u00ed po celom Stredomor\u00ed, Egypte, Babyl\u00f3nii a \u010fal\u0161\u00edch oblastiach R\u00edmskej r\u00ed\u0161e. Tento rozptyl sa ozna\u010duje ako \u017eidovsk\u00e1 diasp\u00f3ra a znamenal koniec s\u00fastreden\u00e9ho izraelsk\u00e9ho \u0161t\u00e1tu na takmer 2000 rokov. Diasp\u00f3ra po zni\u010den\u00ed Jeruzalema Po zni\u010den\u00ed Jeruzalema […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-31480","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-historia-anatolij-fomenko"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31480","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=31480"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31480\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":31481,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31480\/revisions\/31481"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=31480"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=31480"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=31480"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}Diasp\u00f3ra po zni\u010den\u00ed Jeruzalema<\/h2>\n
Bar Kochbova vzbura (132\u2013135 n.\u202fl.)<\/h2>\n
Stredovek a zachovanie identity<\/h2>\n
N\u00e1rodn\u00e9 hnutie a sionizmus (19.\u201320. storo\u010die)<\/h2>\n
Vznik modern\u00e9ho \u0161t\u00e1tu Izrael<\/h2>\n