{"id":31484,"date":"2026-03-09T21:30:45","date_gmt":"2026-03-09T21:30:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/?p=31484"},"modified":"2026-03-09T21:30:45","modified_gmt":"2026-03-09T21:30:45","slug":"palestina-po-roku-70-n-l-rimska-provincia-a-diaspora","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/palestina-po-roku-70-n-l-rimska-provincia-a-diaspora\/","title":{"rendered":"Palest\u00edna po roku 70 n.\u202fl.: r\u00edmska provincia a diasp\u00f3ra"},"content":{"rendered":"

Palest\u00edna po roku 70 n.\u202fl.: r\u00edmska provincia a diasp\u00f3ra<\/h1>\n

Po zni\u010den\u00ed Jeruzalema v roku 70 n.\u202fl. Rimania \u00faplne reorganizovali \u00fazemie b\u00fdval\u00e9ho Judsk\u00e9ho kr\u00e1\u013eovstva. Izraeliti stratili politick\u00fa auton\u00f3miu a oblas\u0165 sa stala priamou r\u00edmskou provinciou.<\/p>\n

Provincia Judea<\/h2>\n

Rimania vytvorili provinciu Judea<\/strong> (latinsky Iudaea<\/em>), ktor\u00e1 zah\u0155\u0148ala historick\u00e9 \u00fazemie Judska. Hlavn\u00fdm mestom sa stala Cesarie Maritima<\/strong> pri pobre\u017e\u00ed, namiesto zni\u010den\u00e9ho Jeruzalema. Provincia bola spravovan\u00e1 r\u00edmskymi guvern\u00e9rami s vojenskou a civilnou mocou.<\/p>\n

Aelia Capitolina<\/h2>\n

Jeruzalem bol premenovan\u00fd na Aelia Capitolina<\/strong> a Rimania zak\u00e1zali \u017didom vstup do mesta, okrem nieko\u013ek\u00fdch sviatkov. Do mesta osadili r\u00edmskych veter\u00e1nov. Tento krok mal symbolick\u00fd v\u00fdznam \u2013 potla\u010di\u0165 \u017eidovsk\u00fa n\u00e1rodn\u00fa identitu a pred\u00eds\u0165 bud\u00facim povstaniam.<\/p>\n

Roz\u0161\u00edrenie provincie a administrat\u00edvne zmeny<\/h2>\n

Okrem Judei Rimania rozdelili okolit\u00e9 oblasti na men\u0161ie administrat\u00edvne jednotky, napr\u00edklad:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Samaria<\/strong> \u2013 historick\u00e1 oblas\u0165 severne od Judei<\/li>\n
  • Idumea<\/strong> \u2013 oblas\u0165 historick\u00fdch Edomitov<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    T\u00fdmto sp\u00f4sobom Rimania lep\u0161ie kontrolovali regi\u00f3n a zabra\u0148ovali vzbur\u00e1m.<\/p>\n

    Bar Kochbova vzbura a premena provincie<\/h2>\n

    V rokoch 132\u2013135 n.\u202fl. vypuklo v Palest\u00edne \u017eidovsk\u00e9 povstanie pod veden\u00edm \u0160imona Bar Kochbu<\/strong>. Po krvavom potla\u010den\u00ed vzbury Rimania premenovali provinciu na S\u00fdria Palestina<\/strong> (*Syria Palaestina*), aby potla\u010dili \u017eidovsk\u00fa identitu a rozpt\u00fdlili pre\u017eiv\u0161\u00edch Izraelitov.<\/p>\n

    \u017didovsk\u00e1 diasp\u00f3ra po roku 70 n.\u202fl.<\/h2>\n

    Po zni\u010den\u00ed Jeruzalema a po Bar Kochbovej vzbure sa Izraeliti rozpt\u00fdlili po celom Stredomor\u00ed, do R\u00edma, Egypta, S\u00fdrie, Babyl\u00f3nie a nesk\u00f4r aj do Eur\u00f3py a Severnej Afriky. Komunity si udr\u017eiavali n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fa a kult\u00farnu identitu prostredn\u00edctvom synag\u00f3g, \u0161t\u00fadia T\u00f3ry a zachov\u00e1vania trad\u00edci\u00ed. Politick\u00e1 kontrola nad \u00fazem\u00edm u\u017e bola v\u00fdlu\u010dne v ruk\u00e1ch Rimanov.<\/p>\n

    Politick\u00fd a kult\u00farny stav<\/h2>\n
      \n
    • \u017didovsk\u00e9 kr\u00e1\u013eovstvo zaniklo, existovala len r\u00edmska spr\u00e1va provincie.<\/li>\n
    • Jeruzalem bol zni\u010den\u00fd, mesto premenovan\u00e9 na Aelia Capitolina.<\/li>\n
    • Izraeliti pre\u017e\u00edvali v diasp\u00f3re, zachov\u00e1vali n\u00e1bo\u017eenstvo a kult\u00faru.<\/li>\n
    • R\u00edmska nadvl\u00e1da a administrat\u00edvne rozdelenie zabezpe\u010dili stabilitu a potla\u010dili vzbury.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Po roku 70 n.\u202fl. sa Palest\u00edna stala r\u00edmskou provinciou s centrom mimo Jeruzalema a Izraeliti pre\u017eili ako rozpt\u00fdlen\u00e1 komunita. Politick\u00e1 auton\u00f3mia bola straten\u00e1, ale n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e1 a kult\u00farna kontinuita umo\u017enila pre\u017ei\u0165 \u017eidovsk\u00fa identitu po\u010das nasleduj\u00facich storo\u010d\u00ed, a\u017e po vznik modern\u00e9ho \u0161t\u00e1tu Izrael v 20. storo\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Palest\u00edna po roku 70 n.\u202fl.: r\u00edmska provincia a diasp\u00f3ra Po zni\u010den\u00ed Jeruzalema v roku 70 n.\u202fl. Rimania \u00faplne reorganizovali \u00fazemie b\u00fdval\u00e9ho Judsk\u00e9ho kr\u00e1\u013eovstva. Izraeliti stratili politick\u00fa auton\u00f3miu a oblas\u0165 sa stala priamou r\u00edmskou provinciou. Provincia Judea Rimania vytvorili provinciu Judea (latinsky Iudaea), ktor\u00e1 zah\u0155\u0148ala historick\u00e9 \u00fazemie Judska. Hlavn\u00fdm mestom sa stala Cesarie Maritima pri pobre\u017e\u00ed, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-31484","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-historia-anatolij-fomenko"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31484","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=31484"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31484\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":31485,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31484\/revisions\/31485"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=31484"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=31484"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=31484"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}