{"id":31546,"date":"2026-03-22T19:35:28","date_gmt":"2026-03-22T19:35:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/?p=31546"},"modified":"2026-03-22T19:54:53","modified_gmt":"2026-03-22T19:54:53","slug":"ako-sa-predavala-ukrajina-manafort-deripaska-a-janukovyc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/ako-sa-predavala-ukrajina-manafort-deripaska-a-janukovyc\/","title":{"rendered":"Ako sa pred\u00e1vala Ukrajina: Manafort, Deripa\u0161ka a Janukovy\u010d"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1>Ako sa pred\u00e1vala Ukrajina: Manafort, Deripa\u0161ka a Janukovy\u010d<\/h1>\n<p>Ukrajina na za\u010diatku 21. storo\u010dia nebola len \u0161t\u00e1tom medzi V\u00fdchodom a Z\u00e1padom. Bola trhom. Trhom vplyvu, pe\u0148az\u00ed a moci. A ako ka\u017ed\u00fd trh \u2013 mala svojich kupcov, sprostredkovate\u013eov aj produkt. T\u00fdm produktom nebola ropa ani plyn. Bol n\u00edm samotn\u00fd \u0161t\u00e1t.<\/p>\n<p>V \u00e9re prezidenta <strong>Viktora Janukovy\u010da<\/strong> sa Ukrajina dostala do modelu, ktor\u00fd je pre postsovietsky priestor typick\u00fd: form\u00e1lne demokratick\u00e9 in\u0161tit\u00facie, no re\u00e1lne rozhodovanie ovl\u00e1dan\u00e9 \u00fazkou skupinou oligarchov.<\/p>\n<p>Vo\u013eby existovali. Parlament existoval. Z\u00e1kony sa prij\u00edmali.<\/p>\n<p>Ale skuto\u010dn\u00e9 rozhodnutia sa \u010dasto robili inde \u2013 v kancel\u00e1ri\u00e1ch, na stretnutiach a za zatvoren\u00fdmi dverami.<\/p>\n<h2>Manafort: mu\u017e, ktor\u00fd \u201epred\u00e1val pr\u00edbeh\u201c<\/h2>\n<p>Do tohto syst\u00e9mu vstupuje americk\u00fd politick\u00fd konzultant <strong>Paul Manafort<\/strong>. Jeho \u00faloha nebola riadi\u0165 \u0161t\u00e1t. Jeho \u00faloha bola jednoduch\u0161ia \u2013 a z\u00e1rove\u0148 nebezpe\u010dnej\u0161ia:<\/p>\n<p><strong>urobi\u0165 z nepopul\u00e1rneho l\u00eddra prijate\u013en\u00e9ho partnera pre Z\u00e1pad.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Manafort pomohol:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>preform\u00e1tova\u0165 imid\u017e Janukovy\u010da<\/li>\n<li>vybudova\u0165 jeho kampa\u0148<\/li>\n<li>komunikova\u0165 tak, aby vyzeral \u201eprezidentsky\u201c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>In\u00fdmi slovami: pred\u00e1val produkt, ktor\u00fd by sa inak pred\u00e1val \u0165a\u017eko.<\/p>\n<h2>Deripa\u0161ka: kapit\u00e1l bez hran\u00edc<\/h2>\n<p>Na druhej strane stoj\u00ed rusk\u00fd oligarcha <strong>Oleg Deripa\u0161ka<\/strong>. Mu\u017e s obrovsk\u00fdm finan\u010dn\u00fdm z\u00e1zem\u00edm, kontaktmi a z\u00e1ujmami v celom postsovietskom priestore.<\/p>\n<p>Deripa\u0161ka nebol politik. Bol investor.<\/p>\n<p>A investori neh\u013eadaj\u00fa ideol\u00f3giu. H\u013eadaj\u00fa stabilitu, pr\u00edstup a n\u00e1vratnos\u0165. Ukrajina bola ide\u00e1lnym prostred\u00edm:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>strategick\u00e1 poloha<\/li>\n<li>priemyseln\u00e9 dedi\u010dstvo<\/li>\n<li>slab\u00e9 in\u0161tit\u00facie<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Presne ten typ trhu, kde sa d\u00e1 ve\u013ea z\u00edska\u0165 \u2013 a e\u0161te viac ovplyvni\u0165.<\/p>\n<h1>Deripa\u0161ka na Ukrajine: hlbok\u00e1 mapa vplyvu, priemyslu a moci<\/h1>\n<p>Ak chceme pochopi\u0165, ako fungoval rusk\u00fd kapit\u00e1l na Ukrajine pred rokom 2014, nesta\u010d\u00ed hovori\u0165 o politike. Treba \u00eds\u0165 hlb\u0161ie \u2013 do fabr\u00edk, elektriny, investi\u010dn\u00fdch fondov a pr\u00e1vnych sporov.<\/p>\n<p>Pr\u00edpad Olega Deripa\u0161ku je uk\u00e1\u017ekov\u00fd. Nie preto, \u017ee by bol jedin\u00fd. Ale preto, \u017ee jeho aktivity ukazuj\u00fa cel\u00fd mechanizmus.<\/p>\n<h2>1. Strategick\u00fd cie\u013e: priemysel<\/h2>\n<p>K\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdm bodom bol hlin\u00edk. Deripa\u010dka cez spolo\u010dnos\u0165 <strong>Rusal<\/strong> z\u00edskal kontrolu nad podnikom:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Z\u00e1poro\u017esk\u00e1 hlinik\u00e1re\u0148 (ZAlK)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>I\u0161lo o jedin\u00fa prim\u00e1rnu hlinik\u00e1re\u0148 na Ukrajine \u2013 strategick\u00e9 akt\u00edvum.<\/p>\n<h3>\u010co nasledovalo:<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>postupn\u00e9 obmedzovanie v\u00fdroby<\/li>\n<li>zn\u00ed\u017eenie kapac\u00edt<\/li>\n<li>praktick\u00e9 zastavenie produkcie<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Prepojenie: ke\u010f sa stretne politika a kapit\u00e1l<\/h2>\n<p>A tu sa kruh uzatv\u00e1ra.<\/p>\n<p>Manafort mal obchodn\u00e9 vz\u0165ahy s Deripa\u0161kom. Pracoval na projektoch, invest\u00edci\u00e1ch a strat\u00e9gi\u00e1ch. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 bol hlavn\u00fdm poradcom Janukovy\u010da.<\/p>\n<p>Nie ako ofici\u00e1lny most. Ale ako spojka.<\/p>\n<p>Niekto, kto rozumel:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>politike<\/li>\n<li>peniazom<\/li>\n<li>a tomu, ako ich prepoji\u0165<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Ukrajina ako priestor, nie subjekt<\/h2>\n<p>Najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9m nebol v jednom \u010dloveku.<\/p>\n<p>Bol v tom, \u017ee Ukrajina sa stala priestorom, kde sa stret\u00e1vali cudzie z\u00e1ujmy \u2013 \u010dasto bez toho, aby mala pln\u00fa kontrolu nad vlastn\u00fdm smerovan\u00edm.<\/p>\n<p>Rozhodnutia neboli len o Ukrajincoch. Boli o:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>rusk\u00fdch ekonomick\u00fdch z\u00e1ujmoch<\/li>\n<li>z\u00e1padn\u00fdch politick\u00fdch kalkul\u00e1ci\u00e1ch<\/li>\n<li>oligarchick\u00fdch sie\u0165ach<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Zlom: ke\u010f sa trh vzb\u00faril<\/h2>\n<p>Rok 2013 priniesol moment, ke\u010f sa tento model za\u010dal r\u00faca\u0165.<\/p>\n<p>Janukovy\u010d odmietol podp\u00edsa\u0165 dohodu s Eur\u00f3pskou \u00faniou. Namiesto toho sa priklonil k Rusku.<\/p>\n<p>To, \u010do pre elity bolo strategick\u00e9 rozhodnutie, pre \u013eud\u00ed znamenalo nie\u010do in\u00e9:<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u017ee ich krajina sa op\u00e4\u0165 st\u00e1va predmetom obchodu.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Nasledoval Euromajdan. Protesty. P\u00e1d re\u017eimu.<\/p>\n<p>A \u00fatek prezidenta.<\/p>\n<h2>Satirick\u00e1 realita<\/h2>\n<p>Ofici\u00e1lny pr\u00edbeh: <strong>Ukrajina bola suver\u00e9nny \u0161t\u00e1t, ktor\u00fd si vybral svoju cestu.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Realita tejto \u00e9ry <strong>\u0161t\u00e1t, ktor\u00fd bol \u010dasto predmetom doh\u00f4d medzi t\u00fdmi, ktor\u00ed mali peniaze a pr\u00edstup.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2>Nie jedna kon\u0161pir\u00e1cia \u2013 ale syst\u00e9m<\/h2>\n<p>Je l\u00e1kav\u00e9 h\u013eada\u0165 jednoduch\u00e9 vysvetlenie. Tajn\u00fa dohodu. Jedn\u00e9ho vinn\u00edka.<\/p>\n<p>Realita je menej dramatick\u00e1 \u2013 a z\u00e1rove\u0148 nebezpe\u010dnej\u0161ia.<\/p>\n<p>Ne\u0161lo o jednu oper\u00e1ciu. I\u0161lo o syst\u00e9m, kde:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>politici potrebovali moc<\/li>\n<li>oligarchovia potrebovali vplyv<\/li>\n<li>poradcovia vedeli, ako to preda\u0165<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Pr\u00edbeh Manafort \u2013 Deripa\u0161ka \u2013 Janukovy\u010d nie je len historick\u00e1 epiz\u00f3da.<\/p>\n<p>Je to varovanie. Ukazuje, \u010do sa stane, ke\u010f \u0161t\u00e1t prestane by\u0165 cie\u013eom a stane sa prostriedkom. A ke\u010f sa politika zmen\u00ed na obchod, ot\u00e1zka u\u017e nie je, kto vyhr\u00e1 vo\u013eby.<\/p>\n<p>Ot\u00e1zka je: <strong>kto si m\u00f4\u017ee dovoli\u0165 k\u00fapi\u0165 vplyv.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ako sa pred\u00e1vala Ukrajina: Manafort, Deripa\u0161ka a Janukovy\u010d Ukrajina na za\u010diatku 21. storo\u010dia nebola len \u0161t\u00e1tom medzi V\u00fdchodom a Z\u00e1padom. Bola trhom. Trhom vplyvu, pe\u0148az\u00ed a moci. A ako ka\u017ed\u00fd trh \u2013 mala svojich kupcov, sprostredkovate\u013eov aj produkt. T\u00fdm produktom nebola ropa ani plyn. Bol n\u00edm samotn\u00fd \u0161t\u00e1t. V \u00e9re prezidenta Viktora Janukovy\u010da sa Ukrajina [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-31546","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-exo-news"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31546","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=31546"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31546\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":31552,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31546\/revisions\/31552"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=31546"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=31546"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=31546"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}