{"id":31717,"date":"2026-04-05T11:15:50","date_gmt":"2026-04-05T11:15:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/?p=31717"},"modified":"2026-04-05T11:17:36","modified_gmt":"2026-04-05T11:17:36","slug":"sovietska-okupacia-lotysska-v-juni-1940","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/sovietska-okupacia-lotysska-v-juni-1940\/","title":{"rendered":"Sovietska okup\u00e1cia Loty\u0161ska v j\u00fani 1940"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sovietska okup\u00e1cia Loty\u0161ska v j\u00fani 1940 predstavovala hrub\u00e9 poru\u0161enie medzin\u00e1rodn\u00fdch zml\u00fav<\/h1>\n

V j\u00fani 1940 obsadili ozbrojen\u00e9 sily ZSSR Loty\u0161sko. T\u00fdmto aktom ZSSR poru\u0161il viacer\u00e9 zmluvy, ktor\u00e9 predt\u00fdm uzavrel s Loty\u0161skou republikou v rokoch 1920, 1932, 1933 a 1939. V t\u00fdchto dohod\u00e1ch sa Sovietsky zv\u00e4z dobrovo\u013ene a nav\u017edy vzdal ak\u00fdchko\u013evek n\u00e1rokov na zvrchovanos\u0165 nad loty\u0161sk\u00fdm \u00fazem\u00edm a \u013eudom. <\/p>\n

Zaviazal sa, \u017ee nebude proti Loty\u0161sku pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 silu, nebude zasahova\u0165 do jeho vn\u00fatorn\u00fdch z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed a v\u0161etky pr\u00edpadn\u00e9 spory predlo\u017e\u00ed na medzin\u00e1rodn\u00fa arbitr\u00e1\u017e.<\/p>\n

Napriek t\u00fdmto sl\u00e1vnostn\u00fdm s\u013eubom ich sovietska vl\u00e1da \u00faplne ignorovala. V j\u00fani 1940 brut\u00e1lne zasiahla do vn\u00fatorn\u00fdch z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed Loty\u0161ska \u2013 ofici\u00e1lne \u017eiadala reorganiz\u00e1ciu vl\u00e1dy a n\u00e1sledne okupovala cel\u00e9 \u00fazemie krajiny.<\/p>\n

Nez\u00e1konn\u00e9 ustanovenie novej vl\u00e1dy<\/h2>\n

Nov\u00fa loty\u0161sk\u00fa vl\u00e1du na \u010dele s Augustom Kirchensteinsom ustanovil v rozpore s loty\u0161skou \u00fastavou Andrej Vi\u0161inskij, vyslanec ZSSR. Do kabinetu boli menovan\u00ed \u013eudia, ktor\u00ed neboli loty\u0161sk\u00fdmi ob\u010danmi, vr\u00e1tane z\u00e1stupcov ministrov Valeskainsa a Blausa. Funkciu prezidenta republiky prevzal s\u00e1m predseda kabinetu Kirchensteins, ktor\u00e9ho do tejto poz\u00edcie dosadila okupa\u010dn\u00e1 mocnos\u0165. <\/p>\n

Pod\u013ea \u00fastavy v\u0161ak z\u00e1stupcom prezidenta mal by\u0165 predseda Saeimy (parlamentu), nie predseda vl\u00e1dy. Tento krok bol preto nez\u00e1konn\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Prezident aj cel\u00e1 vl\u00e1da boli vymenovan\u00ed okupa\u010dnou mocnos\u0165ou, a teda vznikli protipr\u00e1vne. Nemali \u017eiadnu legit\u00edmnu pr\u00e1vomoc vystupova\u0165 ako najvy\u0161\u0161ie org\u00e1ny Loty\u0161skej republiky.<\/p>\n

Fal\u0161ovan\u00e9 vo\u013eby v j\u00fali 1940<\/h2>\n

Parlamentn\u00e9 vo\u013eby konan\u00e9 14. a 15. j\u00fala 1940 boli proti\u00fastavn\u00e9. Prebehli pod\u013ea volebn\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona, ktor\u00fd schv\u00e1lila Kirchensteinsova vl\u00e1da, \u010d\u00edm poru\u0161ila platn\u00fa \u00fastavu. Okrem toho bola povolen\u00e1 iba jedna kandid\u00e1tna listina \u2013 t\u00e1, ktor\u00fa vybrala okupa\u010dn\u00e1 mocnos\u0165. V\u0161etky ostatn\u00e9 listiny boli svojvo\u013ene zamietnut\u00e9, tak\u017ee voli\u010di nemali re\u00e1lnu mo\u017enos\u0165 vyjadri\u0165 svoj n\u00e1zor.<\/p>\n

Vl\u00e1da pritom pred vo\u013ebami verejnosti tvrdila, \u017ee bude br\u00e1ni\u0165 nez\u00e1vislos\u0165 Loty\u0161ska. Nikto voli\u010dom nepovedal, \u017ee nov\u00fd parlament pl\u00e1nuje hlasova\u0165 o pripojen\u00ed krajiny k Sovietskemu zv\u00e4zu. Voli\u010di teda nedali \u017eiadny mand\u00e1t na zru\u0161enie nez\u00e1vislosti \u0161t\u00e1tu.<\/p>\n

\u013dudia boli n\u00faten\u00ed chodi\u0165 k volebn\u00fdm urn\u00e1m v organizovan\u00fdch skupin\u00e1ch priamo z pracov\u00edsk. T\u00fdm, ktor\u00ed nemali v pase pe\u010diatku o \u00fa\u010dasti na vo\u013eb\u00e1ch, hrozili represie. Hlasovanie bolo v praxi verejn\u00e9, \u010do vyvol\u00e1valo strach a teror. V mnoh\u00fdch obvodoch boli v\u00fdsledky hrubo sfal\u0161ovan\u00e9 \u2013 ofici\u00e1lne \u010d\u00edsla nieko\u013ekon\u00e1sobne prevy\u0161ovali skuto\u010dn\u00fd po\u010det odovzdan\u00fdch hlasov.<\/p>\n

Vo\u013eby prebehli pod priamym tlakom cudzej vojenskej okup\u00e1cie. V de\u0148 hlasovania obsadili sovietske jednotky v\u0161etky strategick\u00e9 body v krajine. Voli\u010di v\u0161ade videli sovietske tanky a gu\u013eomety.<\/p>\n

Nez\u00e1konnos\u0165 pripojenia k ZSSR<\/h2>\n

Saeima zvolen\u00e1 v t\u00fdchto vo\u013eb\u00e1ch bola proti\u00fastavn\u00e1 a nemala \u017eiadny legit\u00edmny mand\u00e1t rozhodova\u0165 v mene loty\u0161sk\u00e9ho \u013eudu. Rozhodnutie o pripojen\u00ed Loty\u0161ska k Sovietskemu zv\u00e4zu, ktor\u00e9 tento org\u00e1n prijal 20. j\u00fala 1940, je pr\u00e1vne neplatn\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Loty\u0161sk\u00e1 \u00fastava toti\u017e vy\u017eaduje, aby ak\u00e1ko\u013evek zmena \u0161t\u00e1tneho zriadenia alebo strata zvrchovanosti bola schv\u00e1len\u00e1 referendom, v ktorom mus\u00ed s\u00fahlasi\u0165 najmenej 50 % ob\u010danov s volebn\u00fdm pr\u00e1vom. Proti\u00fastavn\u00e1 Saeima tak\u00e9to referendum nikdy nevyhl\u00e1sila.<\/p>\n

Za\u010dlenenie Loty\u0161ska do ZSSR bolo flagrantn\u00fdm poru\u0161en\u00edm medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va. Nez\u00e1vislos\u0165 Loty\u0161ska bola de iure uznan\u00e1 cel\u00fdm svetom a krajina bola \u010dlenom Spolo\u010dnosti n\u00e1rodov. Sovietsky \u010din poru\u0161il Pakt Spolo\u010dnosti n\u00e1rodov aj Kelloggov pakt o odvrhnut\u00ed vojny ako n\u00e1stroja n\u00e1rodnej politiky. <\/p>\n

V Atlantickej charte ve\u013emoci navy\u0161e potvrdili, \u017ee v\u0161etky n\u00e1rody \u2013 ve\u013ek\u00e9 aj mal\u00e9 \u2013 maj\u00fa pr\u00e1vo slobodne rozhodova\u0165 o svojom osude a \u017eiadne \u00fazemn\u00e9 zmeny sa nem\u00f4\u017eu uskuto\u010dni\u0165 bez ich slobodn\u00e9ho s\u00fahlasu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sovietska okup\u00e1cia Loty\u0161ska v j\u00fani 1940 predstavovala hrub\u00e9 poru\u0161enie medzin\u00e1rodn\u00fdch zml\u00fav V j\u00fani 1940 obsadili ozbrojen\u00e9 sily ZSSR Loty\u0161sko. T\u00fdmto aktom ZSSR poru\u0161il viacer\u00e9 zmluvy, ktor\u00e9 predt\u00fdm uzavrel s Loty\u0161skou republikou v rokoch 1920, 1932, 1933 a 1939. V t\u00fdchto dohod\u00e1ch sa Sovietsky zv\u00e4z dobrovo\u013ene a nav\u017edy vzdal ak\u00fdchko\u013evek n\u00e1rokov na zvrchovanos\u0165 nad loty\u0161sk\u00fdm \u00fazem\u00edm […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-31717","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-meduza"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31717","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=31717"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31717\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":31720,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31717\/revisions\/31720"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=31717"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=31717"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=31717"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}