{"id":31722,"date":"2026-04-05T16:32:21","date_gmt":"2026-04-05T16:32:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/?p=31722"},"modified":"2026-04-05T16:37:11","modified_gmt":"2026-04-05T16:37:11","slug":"de-rebus-oceanicis-et-novo-orbe-prva-kronika-noveho-sveta","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/de-rebus-oceanicis-et-novo-orbe-prva-kronika-noveho-sveta\/","title":{"rendered":"De Rebus Oceanicis et Novo Orbe: prv\u00e1 kronika Nov\u00e9ho sveta"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1>De Rebus Oceanicis et Novo Orbe: \u010do konkr\u00e9tne obsahovali prv\u00e9 kroniky Ameriky<\/h1>\n<p>\nDielo \u201eDe Rebus Oceanicis et Novo Orbe, Decades Tres\u201c nie je len v\u0161eobecn\u00fdm opisom objavenia Ameriky. Ide o s\u00e9riu konkr\u00e9tnych spr\u00e1v, ktor\u00e9 detailne zachyt\u00e1vaj\u00fa prv\u00e9 plavby, objavy, konflikty aj stretnutia s domorod\u00fdm obyvate\u013estvom. Pietro Martire d\u2019Anghiera v nich systematicky zhroma\u017edil inform\u00e1cie od \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edkov exped\u00edci\u00ed \u2013 \u010dasto bezprostredne po ich n\u00e1vrate.\n<\/p>\n<h2>\u0160trukt\u00fara diela: \u201eDek\u00e1dy\u201c ako kronika udalost\u00ed<\/h2>\n<p>\nDielo je rozdelen\u00e9 na tzv. \u201edek\u00e1dy\u201c \u2013 ka\u017ed\u00e1 obsahuje pribli\u017ene desa\u0165 kapitol a pokr\u00fdva konkr\u00e9tne obdobie alebo s\u00e9riu udalost\u00ed. Celkovo vzniklo osem dek\u00e1d, pri\u010dom prv\u00e9 tri boli publikovan\u00e9 u\u017e v roku 1516.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nTieto texty nevznikali naraz \u2013 boli p\u00edsan\u00e9 postupne ako reakcia na nov\u00e9 spr\u00e1vy z Ameriky, ktor\u00e9 prich\u00e1dzali do \u0160panielska prakticky s ka\u017edou lo\u010fou.\n<\/p>\n<h2>Prv\u00e1 dek\u00e1da: Kolumbus a prv\u00e9 kol\u00f3nie<\/h2>\n<p>\nPrv\u00e1 dek\u00e1da sa s\u00fastre\u010fuje na prv\u00e9 tri plavby Kri\u0161tofa Kolumba. Obsahuje:\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>opis objavenia ostrovov v Karibiku<\/li>\n<li>zalo\u017eenie kol\u00f3nie na Hispaniola<\/li>\n<li>prv\u00e9 konflikty medzi Eur\u00f3panmi a domorodcami<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nMartyr zaznamen\u00e1va aj chaos a zlyhania koloniz\u00e1cie \u2013 napr\u00edklad konflikty medzi samotn\u00fdmi \u0160panielmi a probl\u00e9my s riaden\u00edm kol\u00f3ni\u00ed.\n<\/p>\n<h2>Druh\u00e1 dek\u00e1da: objavenie Pacifiku<\/h2>\n<p>\nJedna z najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00edch \u010dast\u00ed diela opisuje v\u00fdpravy Vasca N\u00fa\u00f1eza de Balboa.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nTu sa nach\u00e1dza jeden z najz\u00e1sadnej\u0161\u00edch momentov:\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>prekro\u010denie Panamskej \u0161ije<\/li>\n<li>objavenie Tich\u00e9ho oce\u00e1nu (Pacifiku)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nMartyr zaznamen\u00e1va aj dramatick\u00e9 stretnutia s miestnymi vl\u00e1dcami a kult\u00farne \u0161oky, ktor\u00e9 Eur\u00f3pania za\u017e\u00edvali pri kontakte s nov\u00fdmi civiliz\u00e1ciami.\n<\/p>\n<h2>Tretia dek\u00e1da: posledn\u00e1 Kolumbova plavba a Dari\u00e9n<\/h2>\n<p>\nTretia dek\u00e1da sa vracia ku Kolumbovi, konkr\u00e9tne k jeho poslednej (\u0161tvrtej) v\u00fdprave. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 opisuje:\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>kol\u00f3niu Dari\u00e9n (Panama)<\/li>\n<li>v\u00fdpravy Pedrariasa D\u00e1vilu<\/li>\n<li>\u010fal\u0161ie pokusy o koloniz\u00e1ciu<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nZ textov je c\u00edti\u0165 rast\u00face nap\u00e4tie \u2013 nielen medzi Eur\u00f3panmi a domorodcami, ale aj medzi samotn\u00fdmi \u0161panielskymi velite\u013emi.\n<\/p>\n<h2>\u0160tvrt\u00e1 dek\u00e1da: Mexiko a prv\u00e9 spr\u00e1vy o Azt\u00e9koch<\/h2>\n<p>\nV \u010fal\u0161\u00edch \u010dastiach diela sa objavuj\u00fa spr\u00e1vy o exped\u00edci\u00e1ch do oblasti dne\u0161n\u00e9ho Mexika:\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>v\u00fdpravy Hern\u00e1ndeza de C\u00f3rdoba<\/li>\n<li>Juan de Grijalva<\/li>\n<li>Hern\u00e1n Cort\u00e9s<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nIde o prv\u00e9 eur\u00f3pske spr\u00e1vy o ve\u013ek\u00fdch civiliz\u00e1ci\u00e1ch Strednej Ameriky.\n<\/p>\n<h2>Piata dek\u00e1da: dobytie Azt\u00e9ckej r\u00ed\u0161e<\/h2>\n<p>\nJedna z najdramatickej\u0161\u00edch \u010dast\u00ed opisuje:\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>dobytie Azt\u00e9ckej r\u00ed\u0161e<\/li>\n<li>p\u00e1d Tenochtitlanu<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nZ\u00e1rove\u0148 sa tu objavuje aj zmienka o:\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>prvej plavbe okolo sveta (Magellan)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nT\u00fdm sa dielo roz\u0161iruje z Ameriky na glob\u00e1lnu hist\u00f3riu.\n<\/p>\n<h2>Siedma dek\u00e1da: \u017eivot domorodcov<\/h2>\n<p>\nMartyr nepopisuje len vojny a objavy. V siedmej dek\u00e1de zhroma\u017e\u010fuje inform\u00e1cie o:\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>zvykoch domorodcov v Karibiku<\/li>\n<li>obyvate\u013eoch Floridy<\/li>\n<li>kult\u00farach v oblasti dne\u0161nej Ju\u017enej Karol\u00edny<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nZauj\u00edmav\u00e9 s\u00fa aj spr\u00e1vy o:\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>ritu\u00e1loch<\/li>\n<li>uctievan\u00ed predkov<\/li>\n<li>praktik\u00e1ch, ktor\u00e9 Eur\u00f3pania ozna\u010dovali za \u201ebarbarsk\u00e9\u201c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nNiektor\u00e9 opisy obsahuj\u00fa aj zmienky o kanibalizme \u2013 \u010do sa nesk\u00f4r stalo s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou eur\u00f3pskej predstavy o \u201edivokom svete\u201c.\n<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"cento\" src=\"\/image\/decades.jpg\" alt=\"De Rebus Oceanicis et Novo Orbe: prv\u00e1 kronika Nov\u00e9ho sveta\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Prv\u00e9 vedeck\u00e9 pozorovania<\/h2>\n<p>\nDielo obsahuje aj prekvapivo modern\u00e9 prvky:\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>opis rastl\u00edn a zvierat<\/li>\n<li>prv\u00e9 zmienky o kau\u010duku<\/li>\n<li>geografick\u00e9 pozorovania<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nMartyr bol jedn\u00fdm z prv\u00fdch, kto pochopil, \u017ee nejde o Indiu, ale o nov\u00fd kontinent.\n<\/p>\n<h2>Realita koloniz\u00e1cie: n\u00e1silie a chaos<\/h2>\n<p>\nMedzi riadkami sa objavuje aj temnej\u0161ia str\u00e1nka:\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>chamtivos\u0165 po zlate<\/li>\n<li>n\u00e1silie vo\u010di domorodcom<\/li>\n<li>korupcia medzi koloni\u00e1lnymi \u00faradn\u00edkmi<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nMartyr s\u00edce \u010dasto zachov\u00e1va diplomatick\u00fd t\u00f3n, ale nazna\u010duje, \u017ee koloni\u00e1lny syst\u00e9m bol pln\u00fd zneu\u017e\u00edvania moci.\n<\/p>\n<h2>Kronika sveta, ktor\u00fd sa pr\u00e1ve rodil<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u201eDe Rebus Oceanicis et Novo Orbe\u201c nie je len opisom objavov. Je to detailn\u00fd z\u00e1znam momentu, ke\u010f sa Eur\u00f3pa stretla s nezn\u00e1mym svetom \u2013 a sna\u017eila sa ho pochopi\u0165, pomenova\u0165 a ovl\u00e1dnu\u0165.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nObsah dek\u00e1d ukazuje, \u017ee objavenie Ameriky nebolo jednou udalos\u0165ou, ale s\u00e9riou dramatick\u00fdch stretnut\u00ed, konfliktov a objavov, ktor\u00e9 postupne vytvorili obraz sveta, ak\u00fd pozn\u00e1me dnes.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>De Rebus Oceanicis et Novo Orbe: \u010do konkr\u00e9tne obsahovali prv\u00e9 kroniky Ameriky Dielo \u201eDe Rebus Oceanicis et Novo Orbe, Decades Tres\u201c nie je len v\u0161eobecn\u00fdm opisom objavenia Ameriky. Ide o s\u00e9riu konkr\u00e9tnych spr\u00e1v, ktor\u00e9 detailne zachyt\u00e1vaj\u00fa prv\u00e9 plavby, objavy, konflikty aj stretnutia s domorod\u00fdm obyvate\u013estvom. Pietro Martire d\u2019Anghiera v nich systematicky zhroma\u017edil inform\u00e1cie od \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edkov [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-31722","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-knihy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31722","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=31722"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31722\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":31725,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31722\/revisions\/31725"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=31722"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=31722"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=31722"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}