{"id":31760,"date":"2026-04-05T18:40:02","date_gmt":"2026-04-05T18:40:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/?p=31760"},"modified":"2026-04-05T18:40:02","modified_gmt":"2026-04-05T18:40:02","slug":"korzari-na-pacifiku-strach-nabozenstvo-a-boj-o-ocean","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/korzari-na-pacifiku-strach-nabozenstvo-a-boj-o-ocean\/","title":{"rendered":"Korz\u00e1ri na Pacifiku: strach, n\u00e1bo\u017eenstvo a boj o oce\u00e1n"},"content":{"rendered":"

Korz\u00e1ri na Pacifiku: strach, n\u00e1bo\u017eenstvo a boj o oce\u00e1n<\/h1>\n

Arauk\u00e1nske vojny v \u010cile neboli jedin\u00fdm probl\u00e9mom, ktor\u00fd v koloni\u00e1lnom obdob\u00ed su\u017eoval obyvate\u013eov \u010cile. V\u00fdznamn\u00fa hrozbu predstavovali aj \u010dast\u00e9 n\u00e1morn\u00e9 v\u00fdpravy Angli\u010danov a Holan\u010fanov, teda n\u00e1rodov, ktor\u00e9 boli \u00fahlavn\u00fdmi nepriate\u013emi \u0160panielska.<\/p>\n

T\u00edto moreplavci, zn\u00e1mi ako korz\u00e1ri, podnikali svoje v\u00fdpravy na vlastn\u00e9 n\u00e1klady, no s ofici\u00e1lnym povolen\u00edm svojich vl\u00e1d. Ich \u00falohou bolo nap\u00e1da\u0165 \u0161panielske lode a pr\u00edstavy a zmocni\u0165 sa cenn\u00e9ho n\u00e1kladu.<\/p>\n

Strach, ktor\u00fd ich vp\u00e1dy vyvol\u00e1vali, v\u0161ak nebol sp\u00f4soben\u00fd len ich n\u00e1sil\u00edm a l\u00fape\u017eami. Ve\u013ek\u00fa \u00falohu zohr\u00e1val aj n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd aspekt. Ke\u010f\u017ee boli protestanti, katol\u00edcki \u0160panieli ich pova\u017eovali za kac\u00edrov. Ich \u00fatoky sa preto \u010dasto interpretovali ako Bo\u017e\u00ed trest, \u010do posil\u0148ovalo n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 nad\u0161enie aj bojovnos\u0165 kolonistov.<\/p>\n

Nen\u00e1vis\u0165 medzi ve\u013emocami<\/h2>\n

Korz\u00e1ri konali nielen z t\u00fa\u017eby po zisku, ale aj z hlbokej nen\u00e1visti vo\u010di \u0160panielsku. Kr\u00e1\u013e Filip II. sa pova\u017eoval za ochrancu katol\u00edckej Eur\u00f3py a tvrdo vystupoval proti protestantsk\u00fdm krajin\u00e1m. Angli\u010dania ho vn\u00edmali ako nepriate\u013ea a Holan\u010fania sa proti jeho vl\u00e1de dokonca vzb\u00farili.<\/p>\n

T\u00e1to nepriate\u013esk\u00e1 atmosf\u00e9ra sp\u00f4sobila, \u017ee \u00fatoky na \u0161panielske kol\u00f3nie boli pova\u017eovan\u00e9 za legit\u00edmne. Situ\u00e1ciu e\u0161te vyostrovalo rozhodnutie \u0160panielska uzavrie\u0165 Tich\u00fd oce\u00e1n pre ostatn\u00e9 n\u00e1rody, ke\u010f\u017ee sa pova\u017eovalo za jeho v\u00fdlu\u010dn\u00e9ho vlastn\u00edka.<\/p>\n

Francis Drake a otvorenie Pacifiku<\/h2>\n

Prv\u00fdm, kto v\u00e1\u017ene spochybnil \u0161panielsku dominanciu na oce\u00e1ne, bol anglick\u00fd moreplavec Francis Drake. V roku 1578 prepl\u00e1val Magellanov\u00fdm prielivom a vst\u00fapil do Tich\u00e9ho oce\u00e1nu ako prv\u00fd cudzinec.<\/p>\n

Po vstupe do Pacifiku sa vydal na sever a dorazil k pobre\u017eiu \u010cile. Vo Valparaise zajal lo\u010f pripraven\u00fa na odchod do Peru a zmocnil sa jej n\u00e1kladu, ktor\u00fd obsahoval ko\u017eu\u0161iny, loj a zlato. Okrem toho vyplienil miestne sklady, ktor\u00e9 v tom \u010dase patrili malej a chudobnej osade.<\/p>\n

Drake pokra\u010doval v \u00fatokoch aj na \u010fal\u0161ie \u0161panielske kol\u00f3nie a z\u00edskal obrovsk\u00fa koris\u0165. Nakoniec sa vr\u00e1til do Eur\u00f3py plavbou okolo sveta, \u010d\u00edm si zabezpe\u010dil sl\u00e1vu aj bohatstvo.<\/p>\n

Nov\u00e9 v\u00fdpravy a trag\u00e9dia v Magellanovom prielive<\/h2>\n

Drakeov \u00faspech in\u0161piroval \u010fal\u0161\u00edch dobrodruhov. O nieko\u013eko rokov nesk\u00f4r sa na rovnak\u00fa cestu vydal Thomas Cavendish. Ke\u010f dorazil do Magellanovho prielivu, na\u0161iel tam \u0161panielske kol\u00f3nie, ktor\u00e9 mali zabr\u00e1ni\u0165 \u010fal\u0161\u00edm \u00fatokom.<\/p>\n

Realita bola desiv\u00e1. Osadn\u00edci boli odrezan\u00ed od z\u00e1sob a vystaven\u00ed extr\u00e9mnym podmienkam. Z nieko\u013ek\u00fdch stoviek \u013eud\u00ed pre\u017eilo len nieko\u013eko jednotlivcov, ktor\u00ed vyzerali sk\u00f4r ako tiene ne\u017e \u017eiv\u00e9 bytosti.<\/p>\n

Na inom mieste na\u0161li Cavendishovi mu\u017ei u\u017e len m\u0155tve tel\u00e1. Hlad zni\u010dil cel\u00fa osadu. Angli\u010dania toto miesto pomenovali Puerto del Hambre \u2013 Pr\u00edstav hladu.<\/p>\n

Boje pri \u010d\u00edlskom pobre\u017e\u00ed<\/h2>\n

Po prepl\u00e1van\u00ed prielivu pokra\u010doval Cavendish na sever a zakotvil v oblasti bl\u00edzkej Valparaisu. Tu sa v\u0161ak stretol s odporom \u0160panielov. Nieko\u013eko jeho mu\u017eov bolo zabit\u00fdch a \u010fal\u0161\u00ed zajat\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Zajatcov odviedli do Santiaga, kde boli niektor\u00ed ods\u00faden\u00ed na smr\u0165. Napriek t\u00fdmto strat\u00e1m Cavendish pokra\u010doval v \u00fatokoch na in\u00fdch miestach a z\u00edskal zna\u010dn\u00fa koris\u0165.<\/p>\n

Premena korz\u00e1rov na pir\u00e1tov<\/h2>\n

V sedemn\u00e1stom storo\u010d\u00ed sa vz\u0165ahy medzi Anglickom a \u0160panielskom zmenili a obe krajiny sa na ur\u010dit\u00fd \u010das stali spojencami. Anglick\u00e1 vl\u00e1da preto u\u017e nemohla ofici\u00e1lne podporova\u0165 pir\u00e1tske v\u00fdpravy.<\/p>\n

Napriek tomu mnoh\u00ed odv\u00e1\u017eni moreplavci pokra\u010dovali v \u00fatokoch na vlastn\u00fa p\u00e4s\u0165. T\u00edto neofici\u00e1lni \u00fato\u010dn\u00edci, zn\u00e1mi ako filibustri alebo pir\u00e1ti, pokra\u010dovali v trad\u00edcii drancovania \u0161panielskych kol\u00f3ni\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Boj o oce\u00e1n<\/h2>\n

\u00datoky korz\u00e1rov uk\u00e1zali, \u017ee \u0160panielsko nedok\u00e1\u017ee udr\u017ea\u0165 \u00fapln\u00fa kontrolu nad Tich\u00fdm oce\u00e1nom. Konflikt medzi ve\u013emocami sa preniesol aj na vzdialen\u00e9 kol\u00f3nie, kde sa mie\u0161ali politick\u00e9, ekonomick\u00e9 aj n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 z\u00e1ujmy.<\/p>\n

Pre obyvate\u013eov \u010cile to znamenalo neust\u00e1ly pocit ohrozenia \u2013 nielen zo strany domorod\u00fdch povstan\u00ed, ale aj z mora, od nepriate\u013eov, ktor\u00ed prich\u00e1dzali s cie\u013eom plieni\u0165 a ni\u010di\u0165.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Korz\u00e1ri na Pacifiku: strach, n\u00e1bo\u017eenstvo a boj o oce\u00e1n Arauk\u00e1nske vojny v \u010cile neboli jedin\u00fdm probl\u00e9mom, ktor\u00fd v koloni\u00e1lnom obdob\u00ed su\u017eoval obyvate\u013eov \u010cile. V\u00fdznamn\u00fa hrozbu predstavovali aj \u010dast\u00e9 n\u00e1morn\u00e9 v\u00fdpravy Angli\u010danov a Holan\u010fanov, teda n\u00e1rodov, ktor\u00e9 boli \u00fahlavn\u00fdmi nepriate\u013emi \u0160panielska. T\u00edto moreplavci, zn\u00e1mi ako korz\u00e1ri, podnikali svoje v\u00fdpravy na vlastn\u00e9 n\u00e1klady, no s ofici\u00e1lnym povolen\u00edm […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-31760","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-historia-anatolij-fomenko"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31760","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=31760"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31760\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":31761,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31760\/revisions\/31761"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=31760"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=31760"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=31760"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}