{"id":31918,"date":"2026-04-25T11:32:28","date_gmt":"2026-04-25T11:32:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/?p=31918"},"modified":"2026-04-25T11:35:17","modified_gmt":"2026-04-25T11:35:17","slug":"kirkwallsky-zvitok-tajomny-dokument-medzi-mytom-a-realitou","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/kirkwallsky-zvitok-tajomny-dokument-medzi-mytom-a-realitou\/","title":{"rendered":"Kirkwallsk\u00fd zvitok: Tajomn\u00fd dokument medzi m\u00fdtom a realitou"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1>Kirkwallsk\u00fd zvitok: Tajomn\u00fd dokument medzi m\u00fdtom a realitou<\/h1>\n<p>Kirkwallsk\u00fd zvitok patr\u00ed medzi najzauj\u00edmavej\u0161ie a z\u00e1rove\u0148 najkontroverznej\u0161ie historick\u00e9 artefakty spojen\u00e9 so slobodomur\u00e1rstvom. Na prv\u00fd poh\u013ead ide o starobyl\u00fd rukopis zobrazuj\u00faci dejiny sveta od jeho stvorenia a\u017e po obdobie kr\u00e1\u013ea \u0160alam\u00fana. Pri bli\u017e\u0161om sk\u00faman\u00ed v\u0161ak vyvst\u00e1va mno\u017estvo ot\u00e1zok \u2013 najm\u00e4 o jeho p\u00f4vode, veku a skuto\u010dnom v\u00fdzname.\n<\/p>\n<h2>\u010co je Kirkwallsk\u00fd zvitok?<\/h2>\n<p>\nZvitok bol objaven\u00fd v \u0161k\u00f3tskom meste Kirkwall na Orknejsk\u00fdch ostrovoch. Ide o dlh\u00fd pergamen alebo pl\u00e1tno (pribli\u017ene 5 metrov), pokryt\u00fd kresbami, symbolmi a textami. Na rozdiel od klasick\u00fdch historick\u00fdch dokumentov nejde o line\u00e1rny text, ale o vizu\u00e1lnu kompoz\u00edciu \u2013 ak\u00fdsi \u201emapovan\u00fd pr\u00edbeh sveta\u201c.\n<\/p>\n<p>Spisovate\u013e Andrew Sinclair tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee m\u00e1lo zn\u00e1my Kirkwall Scroll patr\u00ed svojou hodnotou hne\u010f za sl\u00e1vnu Hereford Mappa Mundi z 13. storo\u010dia, ktor\u00e1 je vystaven\u00e1 v Hereford Cathedral.<\/p>\n<p>\u201eJe to nevy\u010d\u00edslite\u013en\u00e1 hodnota,\u201c uv\u00e1dza Sinclair, ktor\u00fd na zvitok narazil po\u010das v\u00fdskumu dej\u00edn rodu St. Clair z Orknej\u00ed. \u201eJeho v\u00fdznam je mimoriadny a m\u00f4\u017ee vies\u0165 k prehodnoteniu stredovek\u00fdch dej\u00edn \u0160k\u00f3tska.\u201c<\/p>\n<p>Pod\u013ea neho v\u00fdsledky r\u00e1diokarb\u00f3nov\u00e9ho datovania nazna\u010duj\u00fa, \u017ee ve\u013ek\u00e1 plachtovina dlh\u00e1 pribli\u017ene 5,5 metra poch\u00e1dza z 15. storo\u010dia.<\/p>\n<p>Rod St. Clair family z Orknej\u00ed bol \u00fazko prepojen\u00fd s legendami o templ\u00e1roch. Ich s\u00eddlo v Midlothiane je zn\u00e1me t\u00fdm, \u017ee sa tam nach\u00e1dza Rosslyn Chapel, ktor\u00fa v 15. storo\u010d\u00ed dal postavi\u0165 gr\u00f3f William St. Clair. Kaplnka je presl\u00e1ven\u00e1 bohatou symbolikou a v\u00e4zbami na slobodomur\u00e1rske trad\u00edcie.<\/p>\n<p>Pod\u013ea trad\u00edcie bola postaven\u00e1 na po\u010des\u0165 jeho star\u00e9ho otca, William de St. Clair, ktor\u00fd mal \u00fadajne u\u017e o storo\u010die sk\u00f4r zalo\u017ei\u0165 tajn\u00e9 bratstvo na ochranu templ\u00e1rov. Na tieto legendy nadv\u00e4zuje aj \u0161k\u00f3tske \u0161pekulat\u00edvne slobodomur\u00e1rstvo, ktor\u00e9ho p\u00f4vod b\u00fdva \u010dasto sp\u00e1jan\u00fd pr\u00e1ve s t\u00fdmto prostred\u00edm.<\/p>\n<p>\u201eRemeseln\u00e1, teda operat\u00edvna str\u00e1nka slobodomur\u00e1rstva \u2013 sp\u00e4t\u00e1 s kamen\u00e1rmi a cechmi \u2013 bola s rodom St. Clairov \u00fazko previazan\u00e1,\u201c vysvet\u013euje Bob Brydon z Rosslynu. \u201ePreto niet poch\u00fdb, \u017ee Kirkwallsk\u00fd zvitok m\u00e1 mimoriadny v\u00fdznam.\u201c<\/p>\n<p>\nZvitok zobrazuje dejiny od Adama a Evy cez Noema, Babylonsk\u00fa ve\u017eu a\u017e po stavbu \u0160alam\u00fanovho chr\u00e1mu.\n<\/p>\n<h2>Obsah a symbolika<\/h2>\n<p>\nKirkwallsk\u00fd zvitok je preplnen\u00fd symbolikou, ktor\u00e1 kombinuje:\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>biblick\u00e9 postavy a udalosti<\/li>\n<li>architektonick\u00e9 prvky (najm\u00e4 chr\u00e1m \u0160alam\u00fana)<\/li>\n<li>slobodomur\u00e1rske symboly<\/li>\n<li>mystick\u00fa geometriu a diagramy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nCel\u00fd dokument p\u00f4sob\u00ed ako vizu\u00e1lna \u201egeneal\u00f3gia poznania\u201c \u2013 snaha prepoji\u0165 n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 dejiny s trad\u00edciou stavite\u013eov a tajn\u00fdch spolo\u010dnost\u00ed.\n<\/p>\n<h2>Skuto\u010dn\u00fd vek zvitku<\/h2>\n<p>\nJednou z najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edch z\u00e1had je datovanie. Dlho sa tvrdilo, \u017ee zvitok poch\u00e1dza zo stredoveku (15. storo\u010die), \u010do by z neho robilo mimoriadne cenn\u00fd historick\u00fd dokument.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nModern\u00e9 anal\u00fdzy v\u0161ak nazna\u010duj\u00fa, \u017ee:\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>zvitok pravdepodobne vznikol v 18. storo\u010d\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>je sp\u00e4t\u00fd so slobodomur\u00e1rskym prostred\u00edm tej doby<\/li>\n<li>m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 z\u00e1merne \u201estylizovan\u00fd ako star\u0161\u00ed\u201c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"highlight\">\nV\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina historikov dnes pova\u017euje Kirkwallsk\u00fd zvitok sk\u00f4r za novovek\u00fd symbolick\u00fd artefakt ne\u017e za autentick\u00fd stredovek\u00fd dokument.\n<\/div>\n<h2>Autenticita: pravda alebo mystifik\u00e1cia?<\/h2>\n<p>\nExistuj\u00fa tri hlavn\u00e9 poh\u013eady na jeho p\u00f4vod:\n<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Autentick\u00fd, ale mlad\u0161\u00ed:<\/strong> Zvitok je prav\u00fd, no vznikol v 18. storo\u010d\u00ed ako s\u00fa\u010das\u0165 slobodomur\u00e1rskej trad\u00edcie.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Mystifik\u00e1cia:<\/strong> Bol vytvoren\u00fd s cie\u013eom predstiera\u0165 starobyl\u00fd p\u00f4vod a doda\u0165 autoritu ur\u010ditej ideol\u00f3gii.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Didaktick\u00fd n\u00e1stroj:<\/strong> Sl\u00fa\u017eil ako vizu\u00e1lna pom\u00f4cka pri v\u00fdu\u010dbe symboliky a hist\u00f3rie v l\u00f3\u017each.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>Pre\u010do je zvitok d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fd?<\/h2>\n<p>\nAj ke\u010f nejde o starovek\u00fd dokument, jeho v\u00fdznam je inde:\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>ukazuje, ako si \u013eudia v 18. storo\u010d\u00ed predstavovali dejiny sveta<\/li>\n<li>prep\u00e1ja n\u00e1bo\u017eenstvo, symboliku a spolo\u010densk\u00e9 \u0161trukt\u00fary<\/li>\n<li>odr\u00e1\u017ea snahu vytvori\u0165 jednotn\u00fd \u201eve\u013ek\u00fd pr\u00edbeh\u201c \u013eudstva<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Kontrast s modernou archeol\u00f3giou<\/h2>\n<p>\nKirkwallsk\u00fd zvitok za\u010d\u00edna pr\u00edbeh \u013eudstva biblick\u00fdm stvoren\u00edm. Modern\u00e1 archeol\u00f3gia v\u0161ak ukazuje, \u017ee:\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u013eudia existovali desa\u0165tis\u00edce rokov pred vznikom biblick\u00fdch textov<\/li>\n<li>komplexn\u00e9 ritu\u00e1lne stavby vznikali u\u017e okolo roku 10 000 pred n. l.<\/li>\n<li>n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 myslenie je ove\u013ea star\u0161ie ne\u017e p\u00edsan\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00e1<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"highlight\">\nZvitok nepopisuje skuto\u010dn\u00fd za\u010diatok \u013eudstva, ale za\u010diatok jedn\u00e9ho konkr\u00e9tneho pr\u00edbehu o svete.\n<\/div>\n<p> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"cento\" src=\"\/image\/kirkwall-zvitok.jpg\" alt=\"Kirkwallsk\u00fd zvitok: Tajomn\u00fd dokument medzi m\u00fdtom a realitou\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\nKirkwallsk\u00fd zvitok nie je d\u00f4kazom starovekej hist\u00f3rie, ale sk\u00f4r fascinuj\u00facim oknom do myslenia \u013eud\u00ed novoveku. Ukazuje, ako sa sna\u017eili usporiada\u0165 minulos\u0165, n\u00e1js\u0165 jej zmysel a prepoji\u0165 ju s duchovn\u00fdmi a symbolick\u00fdmi syst\u00e9mami. Jeho hodnota teda nespo\u010d\u00edva v tom, \u017ee by odha\u013eoval pravdu o po\u010diatkoch \u013eudstva, ale v tom, \u017ee odha\u013euje, ako si \u013eudia tieto po\u010diatky predstavovali.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kirkwallsk\u00fd zvitok: Tajomn\u00fd dokument medzi m\u00fdtom a realitou Kirkwallsk\u00fd zvitok patr\u00ed medzi najzauj\u00edmavej\u0161ie a z\u00e1rove\u0148 najkontroverznej\u0161ie historick\u00e9 artefakty spojen\u00e9 so slobodomur\u00e1rstvom. Na prv\u00fd poh\u013ead ide o starobyl\u00fd rukopis zobrazuj\u00faci dejiny sveta od jeho stvorenia a\u017e po obdobie kr\u00e1\u013ea \u0160alam\u00fana. Pri bli\u017e\u0161om sk\u00faman\u00ed v\u0161ak vyvst\u00e1va mno\u017estvo ot\u00e1zok \u2013 najm\u00e4 o jeho p\u00f4vode, veku a skuto\u010dnom v\u00fdzname. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-31918","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-knihy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31918","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=31918"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31918\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":31921,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31918\/revisions\/31921"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=31918"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=31918"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=31918"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}