{"id":32031,"date":"2026-04-29T10:49:23","date_gmt":"2026-04-29T10:49:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/?p=32031"},"modified":"2026-04-29T10:49:23","modified_gmt":"2026-04-29T10:49:23","slug":"kvalifikacia-atentatu-juraja-cintulu-ako-teroristicky-cin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/kvalifikacia-atentatu-juraja-cintulu-ako-teroristicky-cin\/","title":{"rendered":"Kvalifik\u00e1cia atent\u00e1tu Juraja Cintulu ako teroristick\u00fd \u010din"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Atent\u00e1t Juraja Cintulu na premi\u00e9ra Roberta Fica v Handlovej v m\u00e1ji 2024 vyvolal ve\u013ek\u00fa polemiku nielen politick\u00fa, ale aj pr\u00e1vnu. P\u00f4vodne bol skutok kvalifikovan\u00fd ako **pokus o \u00fakladn\u00fa vra\u017edu**, nesk\u00f4r ho gener\u00e1lny prokur\u00e1tor Maro\u0161 \u017dilinka prekvalifikoval na **obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fd zlo\u010din teroristick\u00e9ho \u00fatoku** (\u00a7 419 Trestn\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona). \u0160pecializovan\u00fd trestn\u00fd s\u00fad v okt\u00f3bri 2025 Cintulu uznal vinn\u00fdm z terorizmu a ods\u00fadil ho na 21 rokov v\u00e4zenia. Mnoh\u00ed pr\u00e1vnici a koment\u00e1tori t\u00fato kvalifik\u00e1ciu ozna\u010duj\u00fa za sporn\u00fa a\u017e \u00fa\u010delov\u00fa.<\/p>\n<h1>Je kvalifik\u00e1cia atent\u00e1tu Juraja Cintulu ako teroristick\u00fd \u010din spr\u00e1vna, alebo ide o pr\u00e1vne na\u0165ahovanie?<\/h1>\n<h2>Aktu\u00e1lne pr\u00e1vne znenie \u2013 \u00a7 419 Trestn\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona<\/h2>\n<p>Trestn\u00fd z\u00e1kon \u010d. 300\/2005 Z. z. v \u00a7 419 definuje teroristick\u00fd \u00fatok takto:<\/p>\n<p>\u201eKto v \u00famysle v\u00e1\u017ene zastra\u0161i\u0165 obyvate\u013estvo, v\u00e1\u017ene destabilizova\u0165 alebo zni\u010di\u0165 \u00fastavn\u00e9, politick\u00e9, hospod\u00e1rske alebo spolo\u010densk\u00e9 usporiadanie krajiny (&#8230;) alebo don\u00fati\u0165 vl\u00e1du krajiny, aby nie\u010do konala alebo sa zdr\u017eala konania, hroz\u00ed sp\u00e1chan\u00edm alebo sp\u00e1cha zlo\u010din ohrozuj\u00faci \u017eivot, zdravie \u013eud\u00ed alebo majetok, potrest\u00e1 sa od\u0148at\u00edm slobody na dvadsa\u0165 rokov a\u017e dvadsa\u0165p\u00e4\u0165 rokov alebo trestom od\u0148atia slobody na do\u017eivotie.\u201c<\/p>\n<p>K\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdm prvkom je **\u0161pecifick\u00fd \u00famysel** (dolus specialis): p\u00e1chate\u013e mus\u00ed kona\u0165 s cie\u013eom zastra\u0161i\u0165 obyvate\u013estvo, destabilizova\u0165 \u00fastavn\u00e9 zriadenie alebo don\u00fati\u0165 vl\u00e1du k ur\u010dit\u00e9mu konaniu\/opomenutiu.<\/p>\n<h2>Pr\u00edpad Cintula \u2013 \u010do sa stalo v praxi<\/h2>\n<p>Cintula vystrelil na premi\u00e9ra Fica p\u00e4\u0165kr\u00e1t, \u0161tyrikr\u00e1t ho zasiahol. S\u00fad dospel k z\u00e1veru, \u017ee konal v \u00famysle \u201enatrvalo znemo\u017eni\u0165 v\u00fdkon funkcie predsedu vl\u00e1dy a t\u00fdm zabr\u00e1ni\u0165 vl\u00e1de v jej riadnom fungovan\u00ed\u201c. T\u00fdm pod\u013ea s\u00fadu naplnil znaky teroristick\u00e9ho \u00fatoku \u2013 \u00fatok na chr\u00e1nen\u00fa osobu (premi\u00e9ra) s cie\u013eom ovplyvni\u0165 v\u00fdkon \u0161t\u00e1tnej moci.<\/p>\n<p>Obhajoba namietala, \u017ee Cintula konal z osobnej nen\u00e1visti vo\u010di Ficovi a jeho politike, nie s cie\u013eom destabilizova\u0165 cel\u00fd \u00fastavn\u00fd syst\u00e9m. Tvrdila, \u017ee ide o klasick\u00fd pokus o vra\u017edu verejn\u00e9ho \u010dinite\u013ea (\u00a7 144 a \u00a7 323 TZ), nie o terorizmus.<\/p>\n<h2>Je t\u00e1to kvalifik\u00e1cia pr\u00e1vne spr\u00e1vna?<\/h2>\n<p>Tu sa dost\u00e1vame k jadru probl\u00e9mu. Kvalifik\u00e1cia atent\u00e1tu ako **terorizmu** je v slovenskom pr\u00e1ve ve\u013emi sporn\u00e1 z t\u00fdchto d\u00f4vodov:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Pr\u00edli\u0161 \u0161irok\u00fd v\u00fdklad \u00famyslu<\/strong> \u2013 sta\u010d\u00ed \u00famysel \u201edon\u00fati\u0165 vl\u00e1du nie\u010do konala\/opomenula\u201c? Ak \u00e1no, takmer ka\u017ed\u00fd atent\u00e1t na politika by sa dal prekvalifikova\u0165 na terorizmus.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Rozdiel oproti klasickej \u00fakladnej vra\u017ede<\/strong> \u2013 terorizmus m\u00e1 by\u0165 politicky motivovan\u00fd \u010din s cie\u013eom vyvola\u0165 \u0161irok\u00fd strach v spolo\u010dnosti alebo zmeni\u0165 politick\u00fd syst\u00e9m. Osobn\u00e1 motiv\u00e1cia (aj ke\u010f politicky laden\u00e1) by mala zosta\u0165 v kvalifik\u00e1cii vra\u017edy.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00da\u010delov\u00e9 zv\u00fd\u0161enie trestnej sadzby<\/strong> \u2013 pri terorizme hroz\u00ed do\u017eivotie (s mo\u017enos\u0165ou mimoriadneho zn\u00ed\u017eenia na 20 rokov). Pri pokuse o \u00fakladn\u00fa vra\u017edu verejn\u00e9ho \u010dinite\u013ea je sadzba ni\u017e\u0161ia. Prekvalifik\u00e1cia tak v\u00fdrazne spr\u00edsnila trestn\u00fa sadzbu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>T\u00e1to prax pripom\u00edna komunistick\u00fd pr\u00edstup k trestn\u00e9mu pr\u00e1vu \u2013 pri z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdch \u00fatokoch na predstavite\u013eov moci sa pou\u017e\u00edva \u010do naj\u0165a\u017e\u0161ia mo\u017en\u00e1 kvalifik\u00e1cia, aby sa vyslal siln\u00fd odstra\u0161uj\u00faci sign\u00e1l.<\/p>\n<h2>Zhrnutie \u2013 zl\u00e1 kvalifik\u00e1cia?<\/h2>\n<p>\u00c1no, mnoh\u00ed pr\u00e1vni experti pova\u017euj\u00fa kvalifik\u00e1ciu atent\u00e1tu Juraja Cintulu ako **teroristick\u00fd \u010din** za pr\u00e1vne na\u0165ahovanie a nadmerne \u0161irok\u00fd v\u00fdklad \u00a7 419 Trestn\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona. Ide o \u010fal\u0161\u00ed pr\u00edklad rigidity a pr\u00edsnosti slovensk\u00e9ho trestn\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va, ktor\u00e9 m\u00e1 korene v socialistickej \u00e9re a dodnes nedok\u00e1zalo dostato\u010dne odl\u00ed\u0161i\u0165 politicky motivovan\u00fa vra\u017edu od skuto\u010dn\u00e9ho terorizmu.<\/p>\n<p>Pokia\u013e Najvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed s\u00fad potvrd\u00ed t\u00fato kvalifik\u00e1ciu, vytvor\u00ed sa nebezpe\u010dn\u00fd precedens: takmer ka\u017ed\u00fd \u00fatok na politika bude mo\u017en\u00e9 ozna\u010di\u0165 za terorizmus. To nie je znakom siln\u00e9ho pr\u00e1vneho \u0161t\u00e1tu, ale sk\u00f4r znakom \u0161t\u00e1tu, ktor\u00fd chce ma\u0165 v ruk\u00e1ch \u010do naj\u0165a\u017e\u0161ie kladivo.<\/p>\n<p>Slovensk\u00e9 trestn\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo by v tomto smere potrebovalo v\u00fdrazn\u00fa noveliz\u00e1ciu, aby sa vr\u00e1tilo k proporcionalite a odl\u00ed\u0161ilo skuto\u010dn\u00fd terorizmus od individu\u00e1lnych politicky motivovan\u00fdch \u010dinov.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Atent\u00e1t Juraja Cintulu na premi\u00e9ra Roberta Fica v Handlovej v m\u00e1ji 2024 vyvolal ve\u013ek\u00fa polemiku nielen politick\u00fa, ale aj pr\u00e1vnu. P\u00f4vodne bol skutok kvalifikovan\u00fd ako **pokus o \u00fakladn\u00fa vra\u017edu**, nesk\u00f4r ho gener\u00e1lny prokur\u00e1tor Maro\u0161 \u017dilinka prekvalifikoval na **obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fd zlo\u010din teroristick\u00e9ho \u00fatoku** (\u00a7 419 Trestn\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona). \u0160pecializovan\u00fd trestn\u00fd s\u00fad v okt\u00f3bri 2025 Cintulu uznal vinn\u00fdm [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-32031","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-exo-news"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32031","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=32031"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32031\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":32032,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32031\/revisions\/32032"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=32031"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=32031"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=32031"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}