{"id":32231,"date":"2026-05-28T17:46:27","date_gmt":"2026-05-28T17:46:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/?p=32231"},"modified":"2026-05-28T17:50:19","modified_gmt":"2026-05-28T17:50:19","slug":"praveke-jaskynne-malby-a-otazka-sexuality","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/praveke-jaskynne-malby-a-otazka-sexuality\/","title":{"rendered":"Pravek\u00e9 jaskynn\u00e9 ma\u013eby a ot\u00e1zka sexuality"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ke\u010f sa hovor\u00ed o sexualite v d\u00e1vnej minulosti, v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina \u013eud\u00ed si predstav\u00ed starovek\u00e9 civiliz\u00e1cie, gr\u00e9cke v\u00e1zy alebo indick\u00e9 chr\u00e1my. Menej zn\u00e1me v\u0161ak je, \u017ee ot\u00e1zky sexu\u00e1lnych mot\u00edvov sa objavuj\u00fa aj pri interpret\u00e1cii pravek\u00e9ho jaskynn\u00e9ho umenia. Niektor\u00e9 rytiny a ma\u013eby toti\u017e pod\u013ea \u010dasti archeol\u00f3gov m\u00f4\u017eu zobrazova\u0165 sexu\u00e1lne akty medzi mu\u017emi, vr\u00e1tane mo\u017en\u00e9ho an\u00e1lneho styku.<\/p>\n

Pravek\u00e9 jaskynn\u00e9 ma\u013eby a ot\u00e1zka sexuality
zobrazovali u\u017e na\u0161i predkovia an\u00e1lny styk medzi mu\u017emi?<\/h1>\n

Treba v\u0161ak hne\u010f na za\u010diatku poveda\u0165 jednu d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fa vec: ide o sporn\u00e9 interpret\u00e1cie. V archeol\u00f3gii neexistuje \u00fapln\u00e1 zhoda a mnoh\u00e9 obrazy mo\u017eno \u010d\u00edta\u0165 viacer\u00fdmi sp\u00f4sobmi. Pravek n\u00e1m toti\u017e nezanechal texty ani vysvetlenia \u2013 zostali iba symboly, rytiny a ticho tis\u00edcro\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Jasky\u0148a Addaura: najzn\u00e1mej\u0161\u00ed spor archeol\u00f3gov<\/h2>\n

\"Jasky\u0148a<\/p>\n

Jedn\u00fdm z naj\u010dastej\u0161ie citovan\u00fdch miest v tejto debate je jasky\u0148a Addaura<\/strong> na Sic\u00edlii v Taliansku. Nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa sa tu skaln\u00e9 rytiny star\u00e9 pribli\u017ene 14 000 a\u017e 11 000 rokov<\/strong>, ktor\u00e9 patria do neskor\u00e9ho paleolitu. Na rozdiel od typick\u00fdch jaskynn\u00fdch malieb zvierat zobrazuj\u00fa \u013eudsk\u00e9 postavy v zlo\u017eit\u00fdch a nezvy\u010dajn\u00fdch p\u00f3zach.<\/p>\n

Najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161iu pozornos\u0165 vyvolala skupina post\u00e1v v centr\u00e1lnej \u010dasti v\u00fdjavu. Dve \u013eudsk\u00e9 fig\u00fary s\u00fa vyobrazen\u00e9 v ohnut\u00fdch poz\u00edci\u00e1ch, obklopen\u00e9 \u010fal\u0161\u00edmi postavami. U\u017e od polovice 20. storo\u010dia niektor\u00ed archeol\u00f3govia navrhovali interpret\u00e1ciu, \u017ee m\u00f4\u017ee \u00eds\u0165 o sexu\u00e1lnu sc\u00e9nu medzi mu\u017emi, pr\u00edpadne o ritu\u00e1lny an\u00e1lny akt.<\/p>\n

T\u00e1to interpret\u00e1cia sa dostala aj do popul\u00e1rnych dej\u00edn sexuality a niektor\u00fdch antropologick\u00fdch \u0161t\u00fadi\u00ed. Pre mnoh\u00fdch bola fascinuj\u00facim n\u00e1znakom, \u017ee rozmanitos\u0165 sexu\u00e1lneho spr\u00e1vania m\u00f4\u017ee ma\u0165 hlbok\u00e9 korene u\u017e v praveku. Len\u017ee probl\u00e9m je ove\u013ea zlo\u017eitej\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\u010co vlastne Addaura zobrazuje?<\/h3>\n

Mnoh\u00ed odborn\u00edci toti\u017e s interpret\u00e1ciou sexu\u00e1lnej sc\u00e9ny nes\u00fahlasia. Tvrdia, \u017ee rytiny m\u00f4\u017eu zobrazova\u0165 \u00faplne nie\u010do in\u00e9. Pod\u013ea niektor\u00fdch ide o inicia\u010dn\u00fd obrad mlad\u00fdch mu\u017eov, pod\u013ea \u010fal\u0161\u00edch o akrobatick\u00fd ritu\u00e1l alebo dokonca n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fa cerem\u00f3niu.<\/p>\n

Existuje aj hypot\u00e9za, \u017ee postavy m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 zviazan\u00e9 a sc\u00e9na predstavuje obetn\u00fd alebo inicia\u010dn\u00fd akt. In\u00ed vedci upozor\u0148uj\u00fa, \u017ee na\u0161e modern\u00e9 ch\u00e1panie sexuality m\u00f4\u017ee deformova\u0165 poh\u013ead na pravek\u00e9 symboly. To, \u010do dne\u0161n\u00e9mu \u010dloveku pripom\u00edna sexu\u00e1lnu polohu, mohlo ma\u0165 pre \u013eud\u00ed pred 12-tis\u00edc rokmi \u00faplne in\u00fd v\u00fdznam.<\/p>\n

Pr\u00e1ve preto sa Addaura \u010dasto ozna\u010duje ako jeden z najkontroverznej\u0161\u00edch pr\u00edkladov interpret\u00e1cie pravek\u00e9ho umenia. Nie preto, \u017ee by d\u00f4kazy boli jasn\u00e9, ale preto, \u017ee definit\u00edvna odpove\u010f pravdepodobne neexistuje.<\/p>\n

\u0160panielske jaskyne a \u010fal\u0161ie mo\u017en\u00e9 sexu\u00e1lne mot\u00edvy<\/h2>\n

Podobn\u00e9 diskusie sa objavili aj pri niektor\u00fdch jaskynn\u00fdch rytin\u00e1ch v \u0160panielsku, najm\u00e4 v lokalite Cueva de los Casares<\/strong>. Niektor\u00e9 obrazy boli interpretovan\u00e9 ako mo\u017en\u00e9 sexu\u00e1lne v\u00fdjavy vr\u00e1tane sc\u00e9n medzi osobami rovnak\u00e9ho pohlavia.<\/p>\n

Aj tu v\u0161ak plat\u00ed rovnak\u00fd probl\u00e9m ako pri Addaure. Archeol\u00f3govia \u010dasto pracuj\u00fa len s tvarmi post\u00e1v, polohami tiel a symbolmi bez vysvet\u013euj\u00faceho kontextu. Bez p\u00edsomn\u00fdch prame\u0148ov zost\u00e1va ve\u013ek\u00e1 \u010das\u0165 interpret\u00e1ci\u00ed hypot\u00e9zou.<\/p>\n

Zauj\u00edmav\u00e9 je, \u017ee niektor\u00e9 v\u00fdjavy sa v minulosti interpretovali odli\u0161ne v z\u00e1vislosti od kult\u00farnej kl\u00edmy doby. To, \u010do viktori\u00e1nski vedci odmietali ako \u201enemor\u00e1lne \u010d\u00edtanie\u201c, neskor\u0161\u00ed archeol\u00f3govia pova\u017eovali za mo\u017enos\u0165 hodn\u00fa sk\u00famania. Naopak, dne\u0161n\u00ed odborn\u00edci b\u00fdvaj\u00fa opatrnej\u0161\u00ed a upozor\u0148uj\u00fa na riziko premietania modern\u00fdch predst\u00e1v do praveku.<\/p>\n

Najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9m archeol\u00f3gie: ticho minulosti<\/h2>\n

Na rozdiel od starovek\u00e9ho Egypta, Gr\u00e9cka \u010di Indie pri pravek\u00fdch \u013eu\u010foch nepozn\u00e1me texty, z\u00e1kony ani n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 vysvetlenia. Nikto n\u00e1m nepovedal, \u010do tieto obrazy znamenali. Archeol\u00f3govia preto skladaj\u00fa mozaiku z ne\u00fapln\u00fdch k\u00faskov.<\/p>\n

Pravek\u00e9 umenie nemuselo by\u0165 realistick\u00e9. \u010casto mohlo sl\u00fa\u017ei\u0165 ako symbolick\u00fd jazyk, m\u00fdtus, inicia\u010dn\u00fd pr\u00edbeh alebo forma spirituality. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee aj v\u00fdjav, ktor\u00fd dne\u0161n\u00e9mu \u010dloveku pripom\u00edna sexu\u00e1lny akt, mohol ma\u0165 ritu\u00e1lny alebo metaforick\u00fd v\u00fdznam.<\/p>\n

Preto seri\u00f3zni archeol\u00f3govia v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa opatrn\u00e9 formul\u00e1cie ako \u201emo\u017en\u00e1 sexu\u00e1lna interpret\u00e1cia\u201c alebo \u201epravdepodobn\u00fd ritu\u00e1lny v\u00fdznam\u201c. Definit\u00edvne tvrdenie, \u017ee v jaskyni Addaura vid\u00edme an\u00e1lny styk medzi mu\u017emi, by bolo prehnan\u00e9. Rovnako v\u0161ak nemo\u017eno \u00faplne vyl\u00fa\u010di\u0165, \u017ee sexualita mohla by\u0165 s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou niektor\u00fdch pravek\u00fdch ritu\u00e1lov.<\/p>\n

\u010co n\u00e1m to hovor\u00ed o minulosti?<\/h2>\n

Debata o pravek\u00fdch sexu\u00e1lnych mot\u00edvoch ukazuje jednu fascinuj\u00facu vec: \u013eudsk\u00e1 sexualita a jej symbolick\u00e9 zobrazenie m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 ove\u013ea star\u0161ie a rozmanitej\u0161ie, ne\u017e si modern\u00fd \u010dlovek \u010dasto predstavuje. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 n\u00e1m pripom\u00edna, \u017ee minulos\u0165 nemo\u017eno jednoducho \u010d\u00edta\u0165 dne\u0161n\u00fdmi o\u010dami.<\/p>\n

Jaskynn\u00e9 rytiny ako Addaura zost\u00e1vaj\u00fa otvorenou h\u00e1dankou. Mo\u017eno zobrazuj\u00fa sexu\u00e1lny ritu\u00e1l, mo\u017eno inicia\u010dn\u00fd obrad, mo\u017eno d\u00e1vny m\u00fdtus, ktor\u00e9mu u\u017e nikdy \u00faplne neporozumieme. A pr\u00e1ve v tom spo\u010d\u00edva ich tajomstvo \u2013 v schopnosti kl\u00e1s\u0165 ot\u00e1zky, na ktor\u00e9 po tis\u00edcoch rokov st\u00e1le nem\u00e1me definit\u00edvnu odpove\u010f.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ke\u010f sa hovor\u00ed o sexualite v d\u00e1vnej minulosti, v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina \u013eud\u00ed si predstav\u00ed starovek\u00e9 civiliz\u00e1cie, gr\u00e9cke v\u00e1zy alebo indick\u00e9 chr\u00e1my. Menej zn\u00e1me v\u0161ak je, \u017ee ot\u00e1zky sexu\u00e1lnych mot\u00edvov sa objavuj\u00fa aj pri interpret\u00e1cii pravek\u00e9ho jaskynn\u00e9ho umenia. Niektor\u00e9 rytiny a ma\u013eby toti\u017e pod\u013ea \u010dasti archeol\u00f3gov m\u00f4\u017eu zobrazova\u0165 sexu\u00e1lne akty medzi mu\u017emi, vr\u00e1tane mo\u017en\u00e9ho an\u00e1lneho styku. Pravek\u00e9 jaskynn\u00e9 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-32231","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-historia-anatolij-fomenko"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32231","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=32231"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32231\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":32235,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32231\/revisions\/32235"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=32231"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=32231"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=32231"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}