{"id":32448,"date":"2026-07-09T19:11:16","date_gmt":"2026-07-09T19:11:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/?p=32448"},"modified":"2026-07-09T20:09:32","modified_gmt":"2026-07-09T20:09:32","slug":"mytus-o-chullpas-prvych-uru-ludoch-zijucich-v-tme-pred-slnkom","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/mytus-o-chullpas-prvych-uru-ludoch-zijucich-v-tme-pred-slnkom\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u00fdtus o Chullpas \u2013 Prv\u00fdch Uru, \u013eu\u010foch \u017eij\u00facich v tme pred Slnkom"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u00fdtus o Chullpas \u2013 Prv\u00fdch Uru, \u013eu\u010foch \u017eij\u00facich v tme pred Slnkom<\/h1>\n

Pod\u013ea starobylej \u00fastnej trad\u00edcie Uru \u013eud\u00ed, zaznamenanej franc\u00fazskym etnol\u00f3gom Jehanom Vellardom v polovici 20. storo\u010dia, svet na za\u010diatku nepoznal Slnko. Prv\u00ed predkovia Uru, naz\u00fdvan\u00ed chullpas, \u017eili v ve\u010dnej tme, osvet\u013eovanej iba slab\u00fdm svetlom Mesiaca a hviezd. Tento m\u00fdtus vysvet\u013euje ich hlbok\u00fa spojitos\u0165 s jazerom Titicaca, ich odli\u0161nos\u0165 od ostatn\u00fdch andsk\u00fdch n\u00e1rodov a d\u00f4vod, pre\u010do sa pova\u017euj\u00fa za najstar\u0161\u00edch obyvate\u013eov altiplana.<\/p>\n

\u017divot v temnote Mesiaca<\/h2>\n

Chullpas neboli \u00fapln\u00fdmi \u013eu\u010fmi v dne\u0161nom zmysle slova. Boli to bytosti prisp\u00f4soben\u00e9 chladu, vlhku a temnote. Ich telo malo pod\u013ea legendy \u201e\u010diernu krv\u201c, v\u010faka ktorej nec\u00edtili mr\u00e1z vysok\u00fdch \u00c1nd. \u017dili ako mobiln\u00ed lovci a ryb\u00e1ri na brehoch a plyt\u010din\u00e1ch jazera Titicaca a spojen\u00fdch v\u00f4d, ako jazero Poop\u00f3. Ich jedinou \u201etechnol\u00f3giou\u201c bolo r\u00e1kosie totora, z ktor\u00e9ho stavali jednoduch\u00e9 \u010dlny a pl\u00e1vaj\u00face \u00fato\u010disk\u00e1.<\/p>\n

V tejto temnej dobe nepoznali ohe\u0148, po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstvo ani pastierstvo. Ich svet bol studen\u00fd, vlhk\u00fd a tich\u00fd \u2013 ovl\u00e1dan\u00fd Mesiacom. Hovorili starobyl\u00fdm jazykom uruquilla (alebo Kot’su\u00f1) a pova\u017eovali sa za p\u00e1nov vody. Neboli viazan\u00ed na pevn\u00fa zem, putovali po jazere, lovili ryby, vt\u00e1ky a zbierali rastliny. Ich \u017eivot bol v dokonalej harm\u00f3nii s vodn\u00fdm prostred\u00edm, ktor\u00e9 ich chr\u00e1nilo pred nezn\u00e1mymi hrozbami.<\/p>\n

Pr\u00edchod Slnka a katastrofa<\/h2>\n

Pod\u013ea proroctiev sa malo raz zrodi\u0165 Slnko. Chullpas vedeli, \u017ee ich svet sa zmen\u00ed, ale nevedeli, z ktorej strany Slnko vyjde. Aby sa chr\u00e1nili, stavali si domy a \u00fakryty s vchodmi orientovan\u00fdmi na v\u00fdchod \u2013 d\u00fafaj\u00fac, \u017ee tak odrazia jeho \u017eiaru. No ke\u010f Slnko kone\u010dne vy\u0161lo na oblohe, jeho mohutn\u00e9 l\u00fa\u010de sp\u00e1lili v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inu chullpas. T\u00ed, ktor\u00ed pre\u017eili, sa ukryli hlboko vo vode, v r\u00e1kosov\u00fdch h\u00fa\u0161tin\u00e1ch a na pl\u00e1vaj\u00facich ostrovoch.<\/p>\n

T\u00e1to udalos\u0165 ozna\u010duje prechod z doby tmy do doby Slnka. Pre\u017eiv\u0161\u00ed chullpas sa stali priamymi predkami dne\u0161n\u00fdch Uru \u2013 Kot’su\u00f1ov, \u201e\u013eud\u00ed jazera\u201c. Preto Uru \u010dasto hovoria: \u201eMy nie sme \u013eudia ako ostatn\u00ed, m\u00e1me aj in\u00e9 hlavy, pri\u0161li sme z nebies..\u201c Poch\u00e1dzaj\u00fa z \u010dasu pred Slnkom, z \u00e9ry, ke\u010f svet patril Mesiacu a vode.<\/p>\n

Pre\u010do s\u00fa Uru in\u00ed<\/h2>\n

Tento m\u00fdtus vysvet\u013euje mnoh\u00e9 charakteristiky, ktor\u00e9 Vellard pozoroval po\u010das svojho v\u00fdskumu. Uru sa c\u00edtili odli\u0161n\u00ed od Aymara a Quechua \u2013 t\u00fdch \u201e\u013eud\u00ed Slnka\u201c, ktor\u00ed pri\u0161li nesk\u00f4r s po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstvom, usaden\u00fdm \u017eivotom a slne\u010dn\u00fdm kultom. Zatia\u013e \u010do susedia uctievali Slnko (Inti), Uru si zachovali hlbok\u00fa v\u00e4zbu na vodu a no\u010dn\u00fd svet.<\/p>\n

Aj ich fyzick\u00fd vzh\u013ead a sp\u00f4sob \u017eivota potvrdzovali legendu. Men\u0161\u00ed vzrast, ve\u013ek\u00e1 odolnos\u0165 vo\u010di chladu, znalos\u0165 tajomstiev jazera \u2013 to v\u0161etko ich robilo \u201ein\u00fdmi\u201c. Vellard vo svojej knihe \u201eDieux et parias des Andes\u201c (Bohovia a vyhnanci \u00c1nd) zd\u00f4raz\u0148uje, \u017ee Uru sa nepova\u017eovali za plnohodnotn\u00fdch \u201e\u013eud\u00ed\u201c v zmysle okolit\u00fdch kult\u00far. Boli sk\u00f4r pozostatkom star\u0161ieho, prvotn\u00e9ho sveta.<\/p>\n

Dedi\u010dstvo m\u00fdtu v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti<\/h2>\n

Aj ke\u010f dnes v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina Uru \u017eije v modernej\u0161\u00edch podmienkach a hovor\u00ed aymara alebo \u0161panielsky, m\u00fdtus o chullpas pretrv\u00e1va v \u00fastnej trad\u00edcii. Star\u0161\u00ed \u013eudia ho rozpr\u00e1vaj\u00fa vn\u00fa\u010dat\u00e1m, aby vysvetlili, pre\u010do ich \u013eudia stavaj\u00fa pl\u00e1vaj\u00face ostrovy, pre\u010do \u017eij\u00fa na vode a pre\u010do sa c\u00edtia ako vlastn\u00edci jazera Titicaca.<\/p>\n

M\u00fdtus sl\u00fa\u017ei aj ako forma odporu vo\u010di asimil\u00e1cii. Napriek storo\u010diam tlaku od Inkov, \u0160panielov a modern\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1tov si Uru zachovali vedomie svojej prastarej identity. Nie s\u00fa jednoducho \u201ejedn\u00fdm z andsk\u00fdch n\u00e1rodov\u201c \u2013 s\u00fa \u013eu\u010fmi z doby pred Slnkom, \u013eu\u010fmi Mesiaca a vody.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdznam pre pochopenie andskej hist\u00f3rie<\/h2>\n

Pre etnol\u00f3gov ako Vellard bol tento m\u00fdtus k\u013e\u00fa\u010dom k pochopeniu, \u017ee Uru nie s\u00fa len margin\u00e1lnou skupinou, ale pozostatkom ve\u013emi star\u00e9ho n\u00e1roda a sp\u00f4sobu \u017eivota v And\u00e1ch. Archeologick\u00e9 n\u00e1lezy a genetick\u00e9 \u0161t\u00fadie dnes potvrdzuj\u00fa, \u017ee ich predkovia os\u00eddlili oblas\u0165 Titicaca u\u017e pred pribli\u017ene 3700 rokmi ako nepo\u013enohospod\u00e1rske obyvate\u013estvo.<\/p>\n

Legenda o chullpas tak sp\u00e1ja mytol\u00f3giu s re\u00e1lnou hist\u00f3riou. Ukazuje, ako si mal\u00fd n\u00e1rod dok\u00e1zal uchova\u0165 pam\u00e4\u0165 na \u010dasy, ke\u010f \u013eudia \u017eili v symbi\u00f3ze s jazerom, e\u0161te pred pr\u00edchodom ve\u013ek\u00fdch civiliz\u00e1ci\u00ed uctievaj\u00facich Slnko.<\/p>\n

Tento pr\u00edbeh n\u00e1m pripom\u00edna, \u017ee andsk\u00fd svet nebol v\u017edy slne\u010dn\u00fd a usaden\u00fd. Existovala aj star\u0161ia, temnej\u0161ia, vodn\u00e1 vrstva \u2013 svet prv\u00fdch Uru, Kot’su\u00f1ov, ktor\u00ed pre\u017eili pr\u00edchod Slnka a dodnes pl\u00e1vaj\u00fa na svojich r\u00e1kosov\u00fdch ostrovoch ako \u017eiv\u00e9 svedectvo d\u00e1vnej minulosti.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u00fdtus o Chullpas \u2013 Prv\u00fdch Uru, \u013eu\u010foch \u017eij\u00facich v tme pred Slnkom Pod\u013ea starobylej \u00fastnej trad\u00edcie Uru \u013eud\u00ed, zaznamenanej franc\u00fazskym etnol\u00f3gom Jehanom Vellardom v polovici 20. storo\u010dia, svet na za\u010diatku nepoznal Slnko. Prv\u00ed predkovia Uru, naz\u00fdvan\u00ed chullpas, \u017eili v ve\u010dnej tme, osvet\u013eovanej iba slab\u00fdm svetlom Mesiaca a hviezd. Tento m\u00fdtus vysvet\u013euje ich hlbok\u00fa spojitos\u0165 s […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-32448","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-historia-anatolij-fomenko"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32448","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=32448"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32448\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":32454,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32448\/revisions\/32454"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=32448"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=32448"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=32448"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}