Uruksk\u00fd zoznam kr\u00e1\u013eov. Predstavte si \u00faradn\u00fd \u0161t\u00e1tny dokument, ktor\u00fd sa za\u010d\u00edna z\u00e1znamami o re\u00e1lnych ministroch a panovn\u00edkoch, no ak listujete dostato\u010dne hlboko do minulosti, zrazu naraz\u00edte na men\u00e1 polobohov, hrdinov z komiksov\u00fdch pr\u00edbehov a vl\u00e1dcov, ktor\u00ed \u017eili stovky rokov. Presne tak\u00fdmto fascinuj\u00facim dokumentom je Uruksk\u00fd zoznam kr\u00e1\u013eov<\/strong> (medzi historikmi zn\u00e1my ako Uruk King List<\/em>). <\/p>\n T\u00e1to klinopisn\u00e1 hlinen\u00e1 tabu\u013eka, objaven\u00e1 v ruin\u00e1ch starovek\u00e9ho mesta Uruk, sl\u00fa\u017ei vedcom ako nekompromisn\u00fd chronologick\u00fd kompas, no pre be\u017en\u00e9ho \u010ditate\u013ea je to dokonal\u00e1 uk\u00e1\u017eka toho, ako starovek\u00fd svet stieral hranice medzi realitou a m\u00fdtmi.<\/p>\n Z pr\u00edsne vedeck\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska je t\u00e1to hlinen\u00e1 tabu\u013eka administrat\u00edvnym pokladom. Poch\u00e1dza z neskor\u0161ieho helenistick\u00e9ho (gr\u00e9ckeho) obdobia a mapuje d\u013a\u017eku vl\u00e1d babylonsk\u00fdch panovn\u00edkov. Za\u010d\u00edna sa as\u00fdrsko-babylonsk\u00fdm kr\u00e1\u013eom Kandalanuom (rok 647 pred n. l.), prech\u00e1dza cez n\u00e1m dobre zn\u00e1mych novobabylonsk\u00fdch (chaldejsk\u00fdch) kr\u00e1\u013eov, pokra\u010duje perzsk\u00fdmi dobyvate\u013emi vr\u00e1tane K\u00fdrosa Ve\u013ek\u00e9ho a kon\u010d\u00ed pri gr\u00e9ckych kr\u00e1\u013eoch z dynastie Seleukovcov (okolo roku 225 pred n. l.). <\/p>\n Pre modern\u00fa hist\u00f3riu je tento zoznam neocenite\u013en\u00fd \u2013 v\u010faka nemu vieme s presnos\u0165ou na mesiace ur\u010di\u0165, kedy presne na bl\u00edzkov\u00fdchodnom dvore prebiehali pal\u00e1cov\u00e9 prevraty, vra\u017edy a striedanie mocensk\u00fdch el\u00edt.<\/p>\n Skuto\u010dn\u00e1 divo\u010dina v\u0161ak nast\u00e1va v \u0161ir\u0161om kontexte, kedy sa tento zoznam prel\u00edna so star\u0161\u00edm Sumersk\u00fdm kr\u00e1\u013eovsk\u00fdm zoznamom<\/strong>, ktor\u00fd takisto detailne mapuje prv\u00fa dynastiu mesta Uruk. Pod\u013ea sumerskej \u0161t\u00e1tnej trad\u00edcie potom, \u010do plan\u00e9tu zasiahla biblick\u00e1 Ve\u013ek\u00e1 potopa sveta<\/em>, \u201ekr\u00e1\u013eovstvo op\u00e4\u0165 zost\u00fapilo z nebies\u201c a us\u00eddlilo sa pr\u00e1ve v Uruku. V tomto momente racion\u00e1lna matematika kon\u010d\u00ed. <\/p>\n Pod\u013ea tabuliek vl\u00e1dlo dvan\u00e1s\u0165 uruksk\u00fdch kr\u00e1\u013eov dokopy neskuto\u010dn\u00fdch 2 310 a\u017e 3 588 rokov. Starovek\u00ed zapisovatelia bez \u017emurknutia oka zap\u00edsali panovn\u00edkov, ktor\u00fdch d\u013a\u017eka \u017eivota popiera ak\u00e9ko\u013evek biologick\u00e9 z\u00e1kony, a zaradili ich do rovnak\u00e9ho ofici\u00e1lneho dokumentu ako be\u017en\u00fdch smrte\u013en\u00edkov.<\/p>\n Medzi prv\u00fdmi kr\u00e1\u013emi Uruku \u017eiari meno Enmerkar<\/strong>. Pod\u013ea mezopot\u00e1mskych m\u00fdtov to bol pr\u00e1ve on, kto vybudoval ve\u013ekolep\u00fd Uruk a vyna\u0161iel klinov\u00e9 p\u00edsmo. Legenda hovor\u00ed, \u017ee Enmerkar potreboval posla\u0165 d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fa a pr\u00edli\u0161 dlh\u00fa diplomatick\u00fa spr\u00e1vu vl\u00e1dcovi vzdialenej zeme Aratta. Ke\u010f\u017ee posol si tak\u00fd mas\u00edvny text nedok\u00e1zal zapam\u00e4ta\u0165 a neust\u00e1le ho plietol, kr\u00e1\u013e vzal kus hliny a slov\u00e1 do nej vyryl \u2013 takto pragmaticky vzniklo prv\u00e9 p\u00edsmo na svete. <\/p>\n \u010eal\u0161\u00edm bizarn\u00fdm vl\u00e1dcom na zozname je Dumuzid (Ryb\u00e1r)<\/strong>, ktor\u00fd pod\u013ea \u00faradn\u00fdch z\u00e1znamov vl\u00e1dol presne 100 rokov a bol tak\u00fd popul\u00e1rny, \u017ee ho \u013eudia nesk\u00f4r vyhl\u00e1sili za samotn\u00e9ho boha plodnosti a pastierov.<\/p>\n Absol\u00fatnym vrcholom uruksk\u00e9ho zoznamu je v\u0161ak piaty kr\u00e1\u013e prvej dynastie \u2013 legend\u00e1rny Gilgame\u0161<\/strong>. Hrdina najstar\u0161ieho eposu \u013eudstva, ktor\u00fd h\u013eadal nesmrte\u013enos\u0165 a bojoval s nebesk\u00fdmi b\u00fdkmi, je v zozname zap\u00edsan\u00fd ako syn pr\u00edzraku, stavite\u013e mohutn\u00fdch hradieb Uruku a panovn\u00edk, ktor\u00fd re\u00e1lne vl\u00e1dol 126 rokov. Hoci to znie ako \u010dist\u00e1 rozpr\u00e1vka, modern\u00e1 archeol\u00f3gia priniesla \u0161okuj\u00face zvraty. <\/p>\n Vykop\u00e1vky v Mezopot\u00e1mii potvrdili existenciu in\u00fdch kr\u00e1\u013eov z tohto obdobia (napr\u00edklad kr\u00e1\u013ea Enmebaragesiho z Ki\u0161u), s ktor\u00fdmi mal Gilgame\u0161 pod\u013ea legiend bojova\u0165. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee Gilgame\u0161 nebol vymyslenou postavou, ale re\u00e1lnym, mimoriadne \u00faspe\u0161n\u00fdm a charizmatick\u00fdm historick\u00fdm kr\u00e1\u013eom. <\/p>\n T\u00e1to \u00e9ra sa za\u010d\u00edna sl\u00e1vnou vetou: \u201eKe\u010f kr\u00e1\u013eovstvo zost\u00fapilo z neba, kr\u00e1\u013eovstvo bolo v Eridu.<\/strong>\u201c Zoznam tu uv\u00e1dza iba 8 (v niektor\u00fdch verzi\u00e1ch 10) kr\u00e1\u013eov, ktor\u00ed vl\u00e1dli v piatich mest\u00e1ch (ako Eridu, Bad-tibira \u010di \u0160uruppak). T\u00edto kr\u00e1li vl\u00e1dli \u0161ialen\u00e9 tis\u00edcro\u010dia \u2013 napr\u00edklad prv\u00fd kr\u00e1\u013e Alulim vl\u00e1dol pod\u013ea tabu\u013eky 28 800 rokov. T\u00e1to \u00e9ra sa kon\u010d\u00ed vetou: \u201ePotom sa prevalila potopa sveta.\u201c Medzi t\u00fdmito kr\u00e1\u013emi v\u0161ak Gilgame\u0161 e\u0161te nie je.<\/p>\n … \u201ekr\u00e1\u013eovstvo op\u00e4\u0165 zost\u00fapilo z nebies\u201c \ud83d\ude42 Anunnaki sa vr\u00e1tili a u nich vek nie je probl\u00e9m!!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Uruksk\u00fd zoznam kr\u00e1\u013eov: Ke\u010f starovek\u00ed \u00faradn\u00edci premie\u0161ali such\u00fa hist\u00f3riu Uruksk\u00fd zoznam kr\u00e1\u013eov. Predstavte si \u00faradn\u00fd \u0161t\u00e1tny dokument, ktor\u00fd sa za\u010d\u00edna z\u00e1znamami o re\u00e1lnych ministroch a panovn\u00edkoch, no ak listujete dostato\u010dne hlboko do minulosti, zrazu naraz\u00edte na men\u00e1 polobohov, hrdinov z komiksov\u00fdch pr\u00edbehov a vl\u00e1dcov, ktor\u00ed \u017eili stovky rokov. Presne tak\u00fdmto fascinuj\u00facim dokumentom je Uruksk\u00fd zoznam […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-32540","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-historia-anatolij-fomenko"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32540","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=32540"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32540\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":32549,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32540\/revisions\/32549"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=32540"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=32540"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=32540"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}\u010co je to Uruksk\u00fd zoznam a pre\u010do z neho historici nespia?<\/h2>\n
Skok do mytol\u00f3gie: Kr\u00e1li, ktor\u00ed \u017eili stovky rokov<\/h2>\n
Enmerkar, bo\u017esk\u00fd ryb\u00e1r a vyn\u00e1lezca p\u00edsma<\/h2>\n
Gilgame\u0161: Komiksov\u00fd hrdina, ktor\u00fd re\u00e1lne existoval?<\/h2>\n
\n