{"id":403,"date":"2020-02-14T14:49:48","date_gmt":"2020-02-14T14:49:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/?p=403"},"modified":"2020-02-14T14:49:48","modified_gmt":"2020-02-14T14:49:48","slug":"klasicka-historia-bola-sfalsovana-anatolij-fomenko","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/klasicka-historia-bola-sfalsovana-anatolij-fomenko\/","title":{"rendered":"Klasick\u00e1 hist\u00f3ria bola sfal\u0161ov\u00e1na Anatolij Fomenko"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Klasick\u00e1 hist\u00f3ria bola sfal\u0161ov\u00e1na. Hist\u00f3ria modern\u00e9ho \u013eudstva je drasticky krat\u0161ia a dramaticky in\u00e1, ne\u017e sa v\u0161eobecne predpoklad\u00e1.  Bola hist\u00f3ria prekr\u00faten\u00e1? \u00c1no, bola! Anatolij Fomenko History: Fiction or Science? (Hist\u00f3ria: Fikcia alebo veda?)<\/p>\n<p>Po tom, \u010do v\u00e1s nau\u010dili v \u0161kol\u00e1ch ur\u010dite nebude \u013eahk\u00e9 uveri\u0165, \u017ee klasick\u00e1 hist\u00f3ria starovek\u00e9ho R\u00edma, Gr\u00e9cka, \u00c1zie, Egypta, \u010c\u00edny, Japonska, Indie, at\u010f., Je preuk\u00e1zate\u013ene sfal\u0161ovan\u00e1.  Budete iste vy\u010d\u00edtavo ukazova\u0165 prstom na obrovsk\u00e9 pyram\u00eddy v Egypte, na r\u00edmske Koloseum, Ve\u013ek\u00fd \u010d\u00ednsky m\u00far at\u010f., A tvrdi\u0165, \u017ee s\u00fa naozaj prastar\u00e9, star\u00e9 tis\u00edcky rokov. A napriek tomu je to tak m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 star\u0161ie, ale v skuto\u010dnosti neexistuje \u017eiadny platn\u00fd vedeck\u00fd d\u00f4kaz toho, \u017ee s\u00fa star\u0161ie ako 1000 rokov!  Najstar\u0161ie spo\u013eahlivo a jednozna\u010dne datovan\u00fd origin\u00e1lny p\u00edsan\u00fd dokument je z 11. storo\u010dia!<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0 Bola hist\u00f3ria prekr\u00faten\u00e1? \u00c1no, bola!<\/p>\n<p><strong>Hist\u00f3ria kon\u010d\u00ed pred VIII. storo\u010d\u00edm. D\u00f4kladn\u00fd v\u00fdskum ukazuje, \u017ee z vedeck\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska doslova neexistuj\u00fa \u017eiadne spo\u013eahlivo datovateln\u00e9 spr\u00e1vy o udalostiach pred VIII storo\u010d\u00edm, a \u017ee platn\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie poch\u00e1dzaj\u00face z obdobia od VIII do X storo\u010dia sa vyskytuj\u00fa len ve\u013emi zriedkavo. V skuto\u010dnosti sa v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina udalost\u00ed &#8220;starovekej hist\u00f3rie&#8221; odohrala v \u010dase od XI do XVI storo\u010dia a bola potom, ozna\u010den\u00e1 r\u00f4znymi etiketami, prenesen\u00e1 do imagin\u00e1rny minulosti v p\u00edsomn\u00fdch z\u00e1znamoch, zhotoven\u00fdch v rokoch 1400 &#8211; 1600 n.l.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Udalosti, ako ukri\u017eovania Je\u017ei\u0161a, R\u00edmska r\u00ed\u0161a, Temn\u00fd vek a renesancie &#8211; odohralo sa to v\u0161etko v r\u00e1mci chronol\u00f3giae ve\u013emi odli\u0161n\u00e9 od tej, o ktorej n\u00e1m rozpr\u00e1vaj\u00fa? \u00c1no, ur\u010dite! <\/p>\n<p>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ako je to mo\u017en\u00e9? Na jednej strane bolo be\u017en\u00fdm zvykom obhajova\u0165 n\u00e1roky na titul a zem vekom a p\u00f4vodom, a na druh\u00fa &#8211; s\u00fadne dejepisci a\u017e pr\u00edli\u0161 dobre vedeli, ako pote\u0161i\u0165 svojich p\u00e1nov. Takzvan\u00fa univerz\u00e1lnu klasick\u00fa hist\u00f3rii sveta tvoria ohromn\u00e1 hromada spletit\u00fdch klamstiev o v\u0161etk\u00fdch udalostiach pred 16. storo\u010d\u00edm. Dozvieme sa, \u017ee cel\u00e1 svetov\u00e1 hist\u00f3ria bola sfal\u0161ovan\u00e1 v 16. &#8211; 18. storo\u010d\u00ed. Pravdepodobne v\u00e1m to predt\u00fdm nikto nepovedal, ale nem\u00e1me k dispoz\u00edcii ani k\u00faso\u010dek bezpe\u010dn\u00e9ho p\u00edsomn\u00e9ho d\u00f4kazu alebo artefakt, ktor\u00fd by bol spo\u013eahlivo a nez\u00e1visle datovan\u00fd do doby pred 11. storo\u010d\u00edm.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Hist\u00f3ria je bal\u00edk l\u017e\u00ed o udalostiach, ktor\u00e9 sa nikdy nestali, rozpr\u00e1van\u00fdch \u013eu\u010fmi, ktor\u00ed u toho neboli.&#8221; George Santayana, americk\u00fd filozof (1863 &#8211; 1952).<\/p>\n<p>Henry Ford kedysi povedal: &#8220;Hist\u00f3ria je viacmenej zbierka hovadina!&#8221; Anatolij Fomenko to preuk\u00e1zal.<br \/>\nSv\u00e4t\u00fd August\u00edn bol pomerne predv\u00eddav\u00fd, ke\u010f povedal: &#8220;Chr\u00e1\u0148te sa matematikov, najm\u00e4, ke\u010f hovoria pravdu.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Fomenkovo dielo History: Fiction or Science? (Hist\u00f3ria: Fikcia alebo veda?) vedie \u010ditate\u013ea krok za krokom k nevyhnutn\u00e9mu z\u00e1veru, uroben\u00e9ho na z\u00e1klade platn\u00fdch vedeck\u00fdch postupov, \u017ee klasick\u00e1 chronol\u00f3gia je chybn\u00e1, a preto aj klasick\u00e1 hist\u00f3rie starovek\u00e9ho a stredovek\u00e9ho sveta mus\u00ed by\u0165 nespr\u00e1vna.  Dozviete sa ako a pre\u010do bola v obdob\u00ed renesancie vymyslen\u00e1 a pr\u00edslu\u0161ne uhladen\u00e1 hist\u00f3rie starovek\u00e9ho R\u00edma, Gr\u00e9cka, Egypta a Perzie.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Pre\u010do to tak je<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<strong>\u00a0V\u0161etky tieto &#8220;zdroje&#8221; s\u00fa neoddelite\u013enou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou kon\u0161trukcie klasickej chronol\u00f3gia. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina gr\u00e9ckych, r\u00edmskych a stredovek\u00fdch kron\u00edk, letopisov a pam\u00e4\u0165ou, bola hromadne vyprodukovan\u00e1 v XVI. &#8211; XVIII. storo\u010dia.<\/strong> Pravdou je, \u017ee v posledn\u00fdch 300 rokoch cel\u00e1 trieda dejepiscov tvorila, sk\u00famala, zdokona\u013eovala a usilovne vybru\u0161ovala obraz b\u00e1jnej neexistuj\u00face univerz\u00e1lny hist\u00f3rie sveta a klasick\u00e9 civiliz\u00e1cie, rafinovane vykon\u0161truovan\u00fd ich predchodcovia v priebehu XVI. &#8211; XVIII. storo\u010dia na pr\u00edkaz vtedaj\u0161\u00edch mocn\u00fdch. Hladili a\u017e vyhladili &#8211; doslova vybr\u00fasili skuto\u010dn\u00fa hist\u00f3riu sveta do zabudnutia! Kone\u010dn\u00fdm d\u00f4sledkom je, \u017ee hist\u00f3ria staroveku, ktor\u00fa n\u00e1s v\u0161etk\u00fdch u\u010dili v \u0161kol\u00e1ch, je nepravdiv\u00e1; nejde o ni\u010d in\u00e9, ne\u017e o moment\u00e1lne prevl\u00e1daj\u00face indoktrinovanou verzii.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<strong>K\u00fdm nebude preuk\u00e1zan\u00fd opak, je len jednou z mo\u017en\u00fdch variantov. S\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e1 verzia hist\u00f3rie je zalo\u017een\u00e1 na &#8220;chronologickej hypot\u00e9ze&#8221;, ktor\u00fa prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t formulovali chronologov\u00e9 a dejepisci Josef Scaligerov (1540 &#8211; 1609) a Dionysus Petavius \u200b\u200b(1583 &#8211; 1652). Ich chronol\u00f3gia je rovnako nevyvr\u00e1tite\u013en\u00e1 ako porovna\u0165 kruh, ktorej bol Joseph Scaligerov z\u00fariv\u00fdm z\u00e1stancom.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Archeologick\u00e9 datovania<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Pri egyptsk\u00fdch vykop\u00e1vkach pohrebisko fara\u00f3na zatriedi do 19. dynastie (1500 rokov p\u0159.n.l. &#8211; \u010do je \u00fadajne zn\u00e1my fakt!) N\u00e1jde archeol\u00f3g gr\u00e9cku n\u00e1dobu, nazvime ju predmet A, prisudzovan\u00e9 Myk\u00e9nske kult\u00fare. Z toho je usudzovan\u00fdch, \u017ee je z rovnak\u00e9ho obdobia, tj. 1500 rokov p\u0159.n.l. V inom v\u00fdkopu, v Gr\u00e9cku, v mieste definit\u00edvne prisudzovanom Myk\u00e9nske kult\u00fare, n\u00e1jde in\u00fd archeol\u00f3g ved\u013ea kontajnery &#8220;zvl\u00e1\u0161tne gomb\u00edk&#8221;, nazvime ho predmet B, a je pochopite\u013en\u00e9, \u017ee oboje je z toho ist\u00e9ho obdobia (1500 pnl), preto\u017ee staroba predmetu A = starobe predmetu B. Potia\u013e je v\u0161etko logick\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Pri \u010fal\u0161ej vykop\u00e1vkach v Nemecku n\u00e1jdu archeol\u00f3govia \u010fal\u0161ie objekty ved\u013ea podobn\u00fdch &#8220;zvl\u00e1\u0161tnych gomb\u00edkov&#8221;, tak\u017ee je tie\u017e usudzovan\u00fdch, \u017ee v\u0161etky tieto v Nemecku n\u00e1jden\u00e9 predmety C, D,? N, s\u00fa rovnako star\u00e9: 1500 rokov p\u0159.n.l. St\u00e1le e\u0161te logick\u00e9, \u017ee? Vyzer\u00e1 to tak.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Ale potom, jedn\u00e9ho d\u0148a, n\u00e1jdu archeol\u00f3govia vo \u0160v\u00e9dsku pri vykop\u00e1vkach dolmenov\u00e9ho hrobu pomerne ned\u00e1vno zosnul\u00e9ho kr\u00e1\u013ea Bj\u00f6rna (naroden\u00e9ho 953 n.l.) &#8211; nezvratne datovan\u00e9ho do desiateho storo\u010dia n.l. &#8211; \u010fal\u0161ie &#8220;zvl\u00e1\u0161tne gomb\u00edky&#8221;. N\u00e1lez t\u00fdchto &#8220;zvl\u00e1\u0161tnych gomb\u00edkov&#8221; v r\u00e1mci doteraj\u0161ej logiky dokazuje, \u017ee kr\u00e1\u013e Bj\u00f6rn musel \u017ei\u0165 pred 2500 rokmi, ale dolmenov\u00fd hrob dokazuje, \u017ee bol pochovan\u00fd o 1500 rokov nesk\u00f4r &#8230; To u\u017e zas tak logick\u00e9 nie je, \u017ee? Archeol\u00f3govia potom podobn\u00fd pr\u00edpad prehl\u00e1si za &#8220;z\u00e1hadu&#8221; &#8211; a &#8230; pozametaj\u00fa v\u0161etko pod koberec. Zabudnite na logiku!<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Archeologick\u00e9 datovanie je preto a priori nevyhnutne \u00faplne subjekt\u00edvna z\u00e1le\u017eitos\u0165, ktor\u00e1 nem\u00e1 ni\u010d spolo\u010dn\u00e9 s vedeck\u00fdmi postupmi.<\/p>\n<p><strong>R\u00e1diokarb\u00f3nov\u00e1 met\u00f3da<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Tento hojne pon\u00fakan\u00fd sp\u00f4sob poskytuje hodnovern\u00e9 datovania objektov organick\u00e9ho p\u00f4vodu s toleranciou Plus- m\u00ednus 1500 rokov, je teda pr\u00edli\u0161 hrub\u00fd aj k datovania historick\u00fdch udalost\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 sa odohrali v \u010dasovom r\u00e1mci 3000 rokov! Z\u00e1kladom pre po\u010diato\u010dn\u00fa kalibr\u00e1ciu tejto Libbyho met\u00f3dy boli historikmi datovan\u00e9 artefakty zo starovek\u00e9ho Egypta &#8230;<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Datovania pomocou r\u00e1dioakt\u00edvneho izotopu uhl\u00edka C14 prebieha v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou takto: archeol\u00f3g odo\u0161le artefakt do laborat\u00f3ria so svojou predstavou o vek objektu. Laborat\u00f3rium sa prisp\u00f4sob\u00ed a vykon\u00e1 po\u017eadovan\u00e9 datovania, potvrdzuj\u00faci d\u00e1tum navrhnut\u00e9 archeol\u00f3gom. V\u0161etci s\u00fa \u0161\u0165astn\u00ed: laborat\u00f3rium zarob\u00ed peniaze za vykonanie n\u00e1kladn\u00e9ho testu, archeol\u00f3g zo\u017ene vavr\u00edny za svoj prevratn\u00fd objav.<\/p>\n<p><strong> Dendrochronologick\u00e1 metoda<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>T\u00e1to met\u00f3da, vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00faca letokruhy stromov, je nepou\u017eite\u013en\u00e1 pre spo\u013eahliv\u00e9 datovania eur\u00f3pskych udalost\u00ed star\u0161\u00edch ako 800 rokov. Vzorky zo Severnej Ameriky s\u00edce s\u00fa datovateln\u00e9 a\u017e 5000 rokov sp\u00e4\u0165, ale s\u00fa bezv\u00fdznamn\u00e9 k datovania starovek\u00fdch udalost\u00ed v Eur\u00f3pe, Afrike alebo \u00c1zii.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<strong> V\u0161etky dnes pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 met\u00f3dy datovania s\u00fa z\u00e1visl\u00e9 na klasick\u00e9 Scaligerov\u011b chronol\u00f3giu. Okrem toho, v\u0161etky tieto &#8220;pekn\u00e9&#8221; met\u00f3dy boli vyvinut\u00e9 a kalibrovan\u00e9 na z\u00e1klade klasickej chronol\u00f3gia. Circulus vitiosus. \u00c1no, ve\u013emi bludn\u00fd kruh!<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Prekvapuj\u00face je, \u017ee v\u0161etky d\u00f4kazy vz\u0165ahuj\u00face sa ku v\u0161etk\u00fdm d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdm historick\u00fdm men\u00e1m a udalostiam starovekej hist\u00f3rie sa prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t objavili v zdrojoch, ako s\u00fa napr\u00edklad odpisy, knihy a rukopisy, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 spo\u013eahlivo datovan\u00e9 do XVI. &#8211; XVIII. storo\u010dia. Tieto knihy a rukopisy pretekaj\u00fa odkazy a cit\u00e1ty zo star\u0161\u00edch kn\u00edh, dokumentov a rukopisov, &#8211; ktor\u00e9 v\u0161ak do jednej \u00faplne mysteri\u00f3zne zmizli! Neexistuje ani jedin\u00fd spo\u013eahlivo datovan\u00fd origin\u00e1lny s\u00fadob\u00fd starovek\u00fd zdroj.  Skuto\u010dne, je to ako zl\u00e1 detekt\u00edvka. Ale dokonca aj \u00faplne na hlavu padnut\u00fd policajt usiluj\u00face sta\u0165 sa detekt\u00edvom by musel zav\u011bt\u0159it a kon\u0161tatova\u0165, \u017ee tu nie\u010do &#8220;pekne smrd\u00ed&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>\u010eal\u0161\u00edm pevn\u00fdm pilierom univerz\u00e1lny hist\u00f3rie je doba bronzov\u00e1, ktor\u00e1 tu \u00fadajne bola pred 3 &#8211; 5 tis\u00edc rokmi. K odliatie bronzu potrebujete 90% medi a 10% c\u00ednu. \u00c1no, len\u017ee technol\u00f3gie extrakcie c\u00ednu z horniny bola objaven\u00e1 a\u017e v 14. storo\u010d\u00ed n\u00e1\u0161ho letopo\u010dtu. Scaligerov poplatn\u00fd chronologov\u00e9 sa v\u00f4bec neob\u0165a\u017eovali poradi\u0165 s chemikov. Poh\u00e1\u0148ali je \u00faplne odli\u0161n\u00e9 mot\u00edvy, a v\u00f4bec nepomysleli na c\u00edn \u010di samotn\u00fa vedu! V d\u00f4sledku toho sa &#8220;starovek\u00ed gr\u00e9cki hrdinovia&#8221; (ako Brad Pitt vo filme &#8220;Tr\u00f3ja&#8221;) \u0161\u0165astne osek\u00e1vaj\u00fa bronzov\u00fdmi me\u010dmi, ku ktor\u00fdch v\u00fdrobe je nevyhnutn\u00fd c\u00edn, len\u017ee ten vtedy e\u0161te nebol objaven\u00fd!<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0P\u00e1trajte sami a postupne n\u00e1jdete dostatok d\u00f4kazov, aby ste dospeli k nevyhnutn\u00e9mu z\u00e1veru, \u017ee klasick\u00e1 Scaligerov &#8211; Petaviusova chronol\u00f3gia je chybn\u00e1, a preto neplat\u00ed ani dnes v\u0161eobecne prij\u00edman\u00e1 hist\u00f3rie starovek\u00e9ho a stredovek\u00e9ho sveta. A\u017e t\u00fato knihu do\u010d\u00edtate, iste budete ma\u0165 nov\u00fd n\u00e1zor a budete ve\u013emi ned\u00f4ver\u010div\u00ed ku v\u0161etk\u00e9mu, \u010do sa hovor\u00ed, alebo bolo vytla\u010den\u00fdch o &#8220;staroveku&#8221;, &#8220;tajomn\u00fdch&#8221; Rimanoch, Gr\u00e9koch a Egyp\u0165anoch a stredoveku, pr\u00e1ve tak, ako o v\u0161etk\u00fdm ostatn\u00fdm, vr\u00e1tane o &#8221; straten\u00fdch a znovu n\u00e1jden\u00fdch &#8220;civiliz\u00e1ci\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><strong>V dejin\u00e1ch je prive\u013ea v\u00fdmyslov<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 V dejin\u00e1ch je prive\u013ea v\u00fdmyslov. Hist\u00f3ria staroveku a stredoveku je enormn\u00fd, nev\u00fdslovne dokonal\u00e1 n\u00e1dhern\u00e1 kon\u0161trukcie &#8211; doslova visiace vo vzduchu. Nem\u00e1 \u017eiadne preuk\u00e1zate\u013en\u00e9 a seri\u00f3zne vedecky datovan\u00e9 p\u00edsomne dolo\u017een\u00e9 z\u00e1klady.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 S\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e1 v\u0161eobecne prij\u00edman\u00e1 verzia svetovej hist\u00f3rie je zalo\u017een\u00e1 na iba domnienkach. Mo\u017eno opr\u00e1vnene namietnete, \u017ee s\u00fa tu nespo\u010detn\u00e9 historick\u00e9 dokumenty, rukopisy, prastar\u00e9 papyrusy, pergameny, za\u0161l\u00e9 a nie tak star\u00e9 knihy pretekaj\u00faca odkazy na, z a o minulosti. Zd\u00e1 sa tu by\u0165 dos\u0165 historick\u00fdch materi\u00e1lov k \u013eahk\u00e9 a \u00fapln\u00e9 rekon\u0161trukcii sl\u00e1vnej minulosti!<\/p>\n<p><strong>Len\u017ee tak to, bohu\u017eia\u013e, nie je!<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Star\u00e1 hist\u00f3rie, to s\u00fa predov\u0161etk\u00fdm p\u00edsan\u00e9 dejiny vych\u00e1dzaj\u00face z vierohodn\u00fdch zdrojov: dokumentov, rukopisov, tla\u010den\u00fdch kn\u00edh, obrazov, monumentov a artefaktov. Ke\u010f n\u00e1m \u0161kolsk\u00e9 u\u010debnice hovor\u00ed, \u017ee D\u017eingisch\u00e1n alebo Alexander Ve\u013ek\u00fd v rokoch X, Y, Z, ka\u017ed\u00fd nez\u00e1visle na sebe, vybojovali polku sveta, znamen\u00e1 to len to\u013eko, \u017ee to uveden\u00e9 v niektorom z p\u00edsan\u00fdch zdrojov. Ale nie s\u00fa tu jasn\u00e9, jednozna\u010dn\u00e9 odpovede na zdanlivo jednoduch\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky: Kedy boli nap\u00edsan\u00e9 tieto zdroje? K\u00fdm, a kto sa o nich prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t zmienil? Odpove\u010f na ka\u017ed\u00fa z t\u00fdchto ot\u00e1zok je ve\u013emi komplikovan\u00e1 a vy\u017eaduje h\u013abkov\u00fd prieskum, aby nakoniec odr\u00e1\u017eala skuto\u010dnosti o historick\u00fdch udalostiach.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Rovnako sa predpoklad\u00e1, \u017ee m\u00e1me k dispoz\u00edcii mnoho starostlivo uchovan\u00fdch starovek\u00fdch a stredovek\u00fdch kron\u00edk, nap\u00edsan\u00fdch \u010cingisch\u00e1nov\u00fdmi \u010di Alexandrov\u00fdm s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00edkov a o\u010dit\u00fdmi svedkami ich fantastick\u00fdch v\u00ed\u0165azstvo, dnes starostlivo ulo\u017een\u00fdch v n\u00e1rodn\u00fdch kni\u017eniciach v Mongolsku alebo Gr\u00e9cku; v Kongresov\u00e9 kni\u017enici \u010di priv\u00e1tne zbierke Microsoftu.<\/p>\n<p>Dostupn\u00e9 s\u00fa len celkom mlad\u00e9 zdroje inform\u00e1ci\u00ed, nap\u00edsan\u00e9 stovky alebo dokonca tis\u00edce rokov po v\u0161etk\u00fdch t\u00fdchto udalostiach. Vo v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ine pr\u00edpadov boli zap\u00edsan\u00e9 v XVI. &#8211; XVIII. storo\u010dia \u010di dokonca nesk\u00f4r. A aj tieto zdroje spravidla ve\u013emi utrpeli zna\u010dn\u00fdmi a mnohon\u00e1sobn\u00fdmi manipul\u00e1ciami, falzifik\u00e1cia a deform\u00e1ciami pri mnoh\u00fdch \u00faprav\u00e1ch. V rovnakom obdob\u00ed bolo pod z\u00e1mienkou kac\u00edrstva v Eur\u00f3pe nen\u00e1vratne zni\u010den\u00e9 nes\u010d\u00edseln\u00e9 mno\u017estvo star\u00fdch origin\u00e1lnych dokumentov.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Zdrojom v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iny p\u00edsan\u00fdch dokumentov, ktor\u00e9 v\u0161ak nesk\u00f4r boli tie\u017e fal\u0161ovan\u00e9 a sfal\u0161ovan\u00e9, p\u00f4vodne iste boli nejak\u00e9 skuto\u010dn\u00e9 udalosti. Rovnak\u00fa re\u00e1lnu udalos\u0165 mohli pop\u00edsa\u0165 v kronik\u00e1ch autori p\u00ed\u0161uci v r\u00f4znych jazykoch a z \u00faplne opa\u010dn\u00fdmi vz\u00e1jomne si odporuj\u00facimi n\u00e1h\u013eady. Tak\u00e9to veci s\u00fa v mnoh\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch \u00faplne nerozpoznate\u013en\u00e9 ako rovnak\u00e1 udalos\u0165.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Tie\u017e men\u00e1 os\u00f4b a zemepisn\u00fdch miest po\u010das storo\u010d\u00ed \u010dasto zmenila v\u00fdznam a polohu. Presne rovnak\u00e9 meno mohlo v r\u00f4znych historick\u00fdch obdobiach nadobudn\u00fa\u0165 \u00faplne in\u00e9ho v\u00fdznamu. Geografickej polohy na map\u00e1ch boli jasne definovan\u00e9 a\u017e s pr\u00edchodom tla\u010de. A\u017e ten umo\u017enil obeh identick\u00e9 k\u00f3pie rovnak\u00fdch m\u00e1p pre vojensk\u00e9 po\u013en\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely, navig\u00e1ciu, vzdel\u00e1vanie, administr\u00e1ciu, apod. Pred vyn\u00e1lezom tla\u010den\u00fdch m\u00e1p predstavovala ka\u017ed\u00e1 origin\u00e1lne mapa nepresn\u00e9, s in\u00fdmi nezlu\u010dite\u013en\u00e9, unik\u00e1tne umeleck\u00e9 dielo.<\/p>\n<p>M\u00f4\u017eeme historikom polo\u017ei\u0165 p\u00e1r prost\u00fdch ot\u00e1zok: Odkia\u013e \u010derp\u00e1te svoje inform\u00e1cie? Z u\u010debnice? To nesta\u010d\u00ed. Kto prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t povedal, \u017ee Julius Caesar \u017eil v prvom storo\u010d\u00ed p\u0159.n.l.? Ak\u00fa knihu, dokument, alebo rukopis, m\u00f4\u017eete pon\u00faknu\u0165 ako prim\u00e1rny zdroj? Ako je star\u00fd a kto je autorom toho zdroje?<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Ako d\u00f4kaz samozrejme nemo\u017eno akceptova\u0165 odpove\u010f, \u017ee &#8220;je to tak v u\u010debniciach&#8221;. Akon\u00e1hle za\u010dnete p\u00e1tra\u0165 po hlb\u0161\u00edch d\u00f4kazoch, ne\u017e je tvrdenie v \u0161kolsk\u00fdch u\u010debniciach, zdanlivo pevn\u00fd z\u00e1klad pre toto absol\u00fatne dominantn\u00e9 tvrdenie sa zrazu kamsi vypar\u00ed. Je to tak &#8211; celosvetov\u00e1 obec profesion\u00e1lnych historikov dokonca nem\u00f4\u017ee predlo\u017ei\u0165 ani \u017eiadny nevyvr\u00e1tite\u013en\u00fd p\u00edsomne \u200b\u200bdolo\u017een\u00fd d\u00f4kaz, \u010di u\u017e na papieri, papyruse, pergamenu alebo kameni, \u017ee Julius Caesar v\u00f4bec existoval. To ist\u00e9 plat\u00ed pre v\u0161etky ve\u013ek\u00e9 men\u00e1 staroveku. Tak\u00e9to d\u00f4kazy s\u00fa nedostupn\u00e9!<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Historici z Cambridge sa ohradzuj\u00fa: &#8220;Je tu predsa prastar\u00e1 kronika nap\u00edsan\u00e1 v dvan\u00e1stom storo\u010d\u00ed n.l., v ktorej zrete\u013ene stoj\u00ed: Julius Caesar \u017eil v prvom storo\u010d\u00ed p\u0159.n.l.&#8221; ale ni\u010d nedokazuje ani to, \u017ee spomenut\u00e1 kronika nebola nap\u00edsan\u00e1 napr\u00edklad v sedemn\u00e1stom, a nie v dvan\u00e1stom storo\u010d\u00ed, ako n\u00e1m \u00faplne nepodlo\u017eene tvrd\u00ed. Je sn\u00e1\u010f tento p\u00edsomn\u00fd zdroj vedecky datovateln\u00fd?<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Skuto\u010dnos\u0165, \u017ee bronzov\u00e1 doska (alebo plastov\u00e1, vyroben\u00e1 v dvadsiatom prvom storo\u010d\u00ed) s n\u00e1pisom: &#8220;Jupiterov chr\u00e1m, postaven\u00fd v 1. storo\u010d\u00ed pred na\u0161\u00edm letopo\u010dtom pod osobn\u00e9 veden\u00edm Ve\u013ek\u00e9ho skvel\u00e9ho Caesara, vl\u00e1dca R\u00edma&#8221; visiace na staro vyzeraj\u00face stavbe nepredstavuje \u017eiadny nevyvr\u00e1tite\u013en\u00fd d\u00f4kaz toho , kedy, pre\u010do, k\u00fdm alebo na ak\u00fd \u00fa\u010del bola postaven\u00e1, aj keby st\u00e1la priamo v R\u00edme.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<strong>\u00a0Historici musia napred predlo\u017ei\u0165 d\u00f4kaz umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00faci datovania zmienen\u00e9 kroniky do dvan\u00e1steho storo\u010dia. A tu sa v\u0161etko zastav\u00ed, preto\u017ee dejepisci nemaj\u00fa v\u00f4bec \u017eiadne d\u00f4kazy o datovania svojich \u00fadajne &#8220;prastar\u00fdch p\u00edsomn\u00fdch zdrojov&#8221; \u010di predlo\u017ei\u0165 nejak\u00e9 nez\u00e1visle potvrden\u00e9 datovania \u013eubovo\u013en\u00fdch starovek\u00fdch artefaktov. <\/strong>Posledn\u00fdch 300 rokov \u00faspe\u0161ne pred\u00e1vaj\u00fa verejnosti Starovek\u00ed vyzeraj\u00face, no ned\u00e1vno razen\u00e9 mince, s n\u00e1pisom &#8220;razi\u0165 roku 2000 p\u0159.n.l.&#8221; na rube a portr\u00e9tom Je\u017ei\u0161a Krista spredu.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0A v\u00f4bec najlep\u0161ie na tom v\u0161etkom je, \u017ee v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina unik\u00e1tnych zdrojov, ktor\u00e9 pre\u017eili a\u017e do na\u0161ich dn\u00ed a m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 spo\u013eahlivo datovan\u00e9 do X. &#8211; XIV. storo\u010dia, neukazuje onen uhladen\u00fd u\u010debnicov\u00fd obraz klasickej hist\u00f3rie. Prezentuj\u00fa nie\u010do \u00faplne odli\u0161n\u00e9ho. Podobn\u00e1 svedectvo a zdroje preto nie s\u00fa vpusten\u00e9 na starostlivo umeten\u00fd a nalinkovan\u00fd dvorec hist\u00f3rie! U\u010denie historici hovor\u00ed, \u017ee podobn\u00e9 zdroje s\u00fa &#8220;primit\u00edvne a pln\u00e9 omylov, nespr\u00e1vnych mien a lokal\u00edt, chronologicky vyl\u00fa\u010den\u00fdch situ\u00e1ci\u00ed&#8221;, at\u010f &#8230; Tieto pod\u013ea nich po\u013eutovaniahodn\u00e9 zmes boli \u00fadajne sp\u00edsan\u00e9 pologramotn\u00fdmi mn\u00edchmi, pustovn\u00edkmi a pocestn\u00fdm, a preto nem\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 prijat\u00e9 a vystaven\u00e9 v posv\u00e4tnom chr\u00e1me univerz\u00e1lny klasickej hist\u00f3rie. Nie o\u010dit\u00ed svedkovia d\u00e1vnych udalost\u00ed; s\u00fa to oni, ktor\u00ed ako jedin\u00ed maj\u00fa pr\u00e1vo utv\u00e1ra\u0165 beh hist\u00f3rie.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u010co sa t\u00fdka s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fdch met\u00f3d datovania star\u00fdch a starovek\u00fdch zdrojov a artefaktov, s\u00fa rovnako nepresn\u00e9 ako nezlu\u010dite\u013en\u00e9. Toto bohu\u017eia\u013e plat\u00ed o archeologick\u00e9, dendrochronologick\u00e9 aj paleografick\u00e9 met\u00f3de, a rovnako tak aj pre datovania r\u00e1diokarb\u00f3nov\u00e1 met\u00f3dou.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Hist\u00f3ria pod\u013ea cirkvi<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0S\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e1 konsenzu\u00e1lne chronol\u00f3gia bola v podstate zostaven\u00e1 v XVI storo\u010dia zo zmesky nespo\u010detn\u00fdch nezlu\u010dite\u013en\u00fdch star\u00fdch latinsk\u00fdch duplik\u00e1tov a rukopisn\u00fdch k\u00f3pi\u00ed gr\u00e9ckych spisov (pod\u013ea origin\u00e1lov, ako u\u017e sme uviedli, z\u00e1hadne zmizli) a &#8220;d\u00f4kazov&#8221; dodan\u00fdch neskoro stredovek\u00fdmi astron\u00f3mami, stmelen\u00e9 autoritou spisov cirkevn\u00fdch otcov .<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<strong>\u00a0Nov\u00e1 chronologick\u00e1 te\u00f3ria je v zhode s najpr\u00edsnej\u0161\u00edmi vedeck\u00fdmi normami:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&#8211; pon\u00faka s\u00favisl\u00e9 objasnenie toho, \u010do u\u017e vieme;<br \/>\n&#8211; je konzistentn\u00fd: v\u0161etky na sebe nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 l\u00ednie sk\u00famania ved\u00fa k rovnak\u00e9mu z\u00e1veru;<br \/>\n&#8211; progn\u00f3zy, ktor\u00e9 rob\u00ed, boli empiricky potvrden\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Nov\u00e1 chronol\u00f3gia pon\u00faka nasleduj\u00face z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 Axi\u00f3my:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; chronol\u00f3gia je z\u00e1klad hist\u00f3rie;<br \/>\n&#8211; \u013eudsk\u00fd v\u00fdvoj bol v\u017edy line\u00e1rny, postupn\u00fd a ireverzibiln\u00fd;<br \/>\n&#8211; &#8220;cyklick\u00e1&#8221; povaha \u013eudskej civiliz\u00e1cie je m\u00fdtus, v\u00fdmysly a mystifik\u00e1cie s\u00fa tie\u017e v\u0161etky &#8220;medzery&#8221;, &#8220;duplik\u00e1cia&#8221;, &#8220;temn\u00e9 veky&#8221; a &#8220;renesancie&#8221;, zn\u00e1me z konsenzu\u00e1lne hist\u00f3rie;<br \/>\n&#8211; hromadenie zemepisn\u00fdch znalost\u00ed bol pozvo\u013en\u00fd a nezvratn\u00fd proces, ktor\u00fd sa odr\u00e1\u017ea vo v\u00fdvoji kartografia;<br \/>\n&#8211; \u010d\u00edm bli\u017e\u0161ie v \u010dase s\u00fa dan\u00e9 rukopisy k popisovan\u00fdm udalostiam, t\u00fdm menej deform\u00e1ciou obsahuj\u00fa;<br \/>\n&#8211; v autentick\u00fdch starovek\u00fdch zdrojoch nie s\u00fa \u017eiadne &#8220;nepou\u017eite\u013en\u00e9&#8221; inform\u00e1cie.<\/p>\n<p>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-<\/p>\n<p>Za n\u00e1met pre tento \u010dl\u00e1nok \u010fakujeme nickovi &#8220;Lolko Bolko&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Prid\u00e1me Orage Jack Heart<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/4.bp.blogspot.com\/-54nQsczuMfA\/XEN_5M_o7BI\/AAAAAAAABUs\/TOoSBA_fnUsKu6oPttWcmQuA86kPYHoBwCLcBGAs\/s400\/snake%2Bcrop.png\" alt=\"Orage Jack Heart 2019 The Year of the Dragon, \u201cLet Us Pray...\u201d\" \/><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Klasick\u00e1 hist\u00f3ria bola sfal\u0161ov\u00e1na. Hist\u00f3ria modern\u00e9ho \u013eudstva je drasticky krat\u0161ia a dramaticky in\u00e1, ne\u017e sa v\u0161eobecne predpoklad\u00e1. Bola hist\u00f3ria prekr\u00faten\u00e1? \u00c1no, bola! Anatolij Fomenko History: Fiction or Science? (Hist\u00f3ria: Fikcia alebo veda?) Po tom, \u010do v\u00e1s nau\u010dili v \u0161kol\u00e1ch ur\u010dite nebude \u013eahk\u00e9 uveri\u0165, \u017ee klasick\u00e1 hist\u00f3ria starovek\u00e9ho R\u00edma, Gr\u00e9cka, \u00c1zie, Egypta, \u010c\u00edny, Japonska, Indie, at\u010f., [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-403","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-historia-anatolij-fomenko"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/403","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=403"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/403\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=403"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=403"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=403"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}