{"id":897,"date":"2020-02-25T14:02:16","date_gmt":"2020-02-25T14:02:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/?p=897"},"modified":"2020-02-25T14:02:16","modified_gmt":"2020-02-25T14:02:16","slug":"topenie-zapadnej-antarktidy-ladovec-thwaites","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/topenie-zapadnej-antarktidy-ladovec-thwaites\/","title":{"rendered":"Topenie Z\u00e1padnej Antarkt\u00eddy, \u013dadovec Thwaites"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Topenie Antaktidy s \u013eadov\u00e9 nebezpe\u010denstvo zo  Z\u00e1padnej Antarkt\u00eddy. \u013dadovec Thwaites. Zmena podnebia a cesta k \u201e\u013eadovcu doomsday\u201c. \u013dadovec Thwaites je jedn\u00fdm z najnebezpe\u010dnej\u0161\u00edch \u013eadovcov na svete a vedci t\u00fa\u017eia cestova\u0165 do Antarkt\u00eddy, aby ho pre\u0161tudovali. Vedci agent\u00fary NASA zverejnili v janu\u00e1ri \u0161t\u00fadiu, pod\u013ea ktorej obrovsk\u00e1 dutina, ktor\u00e1 m\u00e1 zhruba dve tretiny ve\u013ekosti Manhattanu, sa v d\u00f4sledku zmeny kl\u00edmy r\u00fdchlo top\u00ed pod \u013eadovcom. Dutina je dostato\u010dne ve\u013ek\u00e1 na to, aby obsahovala 14 mili\u00e1rd ton \u013eadu, pri\u010dom v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina z nej sa topila za posledn\u00e9 tri roky. E\u0161te pred touto dutinou boli Thwaitove r\u00fdchle straty \u013eadu a potenci\u00e1lny vplyv na glob\u00e1lnu hladinu mora dos\u0165 v\u00fdznamn\u00e9, aby vedci z cel\u00e9ho sveta pl\u00e1novali fyzicky cestova\u0165 tam za\u010diatkom tohto roka. \u013dadovec meria viac ako 70 000 \u0161tvorcov\u00fdch kilometrov, \u010do z neho rob\u00ed jeden z najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edch \u013eadovcov na svete.<br \/>\n<br \/>\n<strong>\u201eMohlo by to destabilizova\u0165 cel\u00fd regi\u00f3n Z\u00e1padnej Antarkt\u00eddy\u201c<\/strong><br \/>\n<br \/>\nUzem\u0148ovacia \u010diara \u013eadovca, bod, v ktorom sa \u013ead stret\u00e1va so zemou pod zemou, pod\u013ea NERC ust\u00fapila v rokoch 1992 a\u017e 2011 na viac ako 9 kilometrov. Ako \u013ead a teplej\u0161ia morsk\u00e1 voda pr\u00fadi pod \u013eadovcom, zdv\u00edha sa zo zeme a ur\u00fdch\u013euje jej \u00fastup. \u201eAk t\u00e1to dutina rastie alebo sa roz\u0161iruje, je to jeden zo sp\u00f4sobov, ako sa dosta\u0165 z tohto posledn\u00e9ho hrebe\u0148a, na ktor\u00fd vis\u00ed \u013eadovec Thwaites\u201c. Vedci sa ob\u00e1vaj\u00fa najm\u00e4 toho, \u010di sa topenie zr\u00fdchli. Ak sa strat\u00ed v\u0161etok \u013ead na ostrove Thwaites, pod\u013ea \u0161t\u00fadie NASA by sa zv\u00fd\u0161ila hladina oce\u00e1nu o \u010fal\u0161ie 2 stopy. \u013dadovec v\u0161ak tie\u017e blokuje susedn\u00e9 \u013eadovce. <strong>Ak sa tieto \u013eadovce tie\u017e topia, hladiny mor\u00ed by mohli st\u00fapnu\u0165 o \u010fal\u0161\u00edch 8 st\u00f4p. Nov\u00e9 testy na \u013eadovci Antarkt\u00edda \u201eDoomsday\u201c Thwaites ukazuj\u00fa, \u017ee tepl\u00e1 voda pod \u0148ou z troch r\u00f4znych smerov hroz\u00ed zni\u010den\u00edm \u013eadovej pokr\u00fdvky a zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00edm svetovej hladiny mora.<\/strong><br \/>\n<br \/>\n&#8220;Nikdy sme nevideli \u013eadov\u00fa pokr\u00fdvku rozpadaj\u00facu sa v teplom podneb\u00ed, tak\u017ee sa sna\u017e\u00edme premieta\u0165, ako by sa to mohlo sta\u0165,&#8221; povedal glaciol\u00f3g Ted Scambos pre Nature. Niekedy naz\u00fdvan\u00fd \u013eadovec Doomsday, kv\u00f4li jeho mo\u017en\u00e9mu dopadu, ktor\u00fd by jeho kolaps mohol ma\u0165 na hladiny mor\u00ed, je Thwaites neobvykle \u0161irok\u00fd a r\u00fdchly. Thwaites u\u017e predstavuje asi \u0161tyri percent\u00e1 celosvetov\u00e9ho n\u00e1rastu hladiny mora, preto\u017ee otep\u013eovacie vody sp\u00f4sobuj\u00fa jeho rozt\u00e1panie zo spodnej strany. Vedci u\u017e dlho tr\u00e1pia obavy, \u017ee bod zvratu v jeho z\u00e1kladoch by mohol vies\u0165 k \u00fateku \u013eadovca.<br \/>\n<br \/>\nV roku 2009 zhroma\u017edil Anandakrishnan a jeho kolegovia \u00fadaje od asi 150 vrtov. Nov\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie nevysvet\u013eovali presne to, \u010do ur\u00fdch\u013eovalo Thwaitesovo zr\u00fdchlenie, ale bol to za\u010diatok. Medzit\u00fdm sa satelitn\u00e9 mapy st\u00e1le \u010dervenali a \u010dervenali. V roku 2014 Eric Rignot, glaciol\u00f3g v NASA, dospel k z\u00e1veru, \u017ee Thwaites vstupuje do stavu \u201enezastavite\u013en\u00e9ho\u201c kolapsu. <strong>A \u010do je hor\u0161ie, vedci si za\u010dali myslie\u0165, \u017ee jeho z\u00e1nik by mohol vies\u0165 k v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ej katastrofe na Z\u00e1padnej Antarkt\u00edde.<\/strong><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"cento\" src=\"\/image\/antarctica_3d_glacier.jpg\" alt=\"Topenie Antaktidy s \u013eadov\u00e9 nebezpe\u010denstvo zo  Z\u00e1padnej Antarkt\u00eddy. \u013dadovec Thwaites.\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nNov\u00e1 satelitn\u00e1 technol\u00f3gia poskytla vedcom v posledn\u00fdch desa\u0165ro\u010diach ove\u013ea lep\u0161\u00ed poh\u013ead na dianie na Z\u00e1padnom Antarkt\u00edde a v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina z nich potvrdila Mercerovu hypot\u00e9zu. Z vesm\u00edru je mo\u017en\u00e9 mera\u0165 zmeny v hr\u00fabke \u013eadu, ako aj to, ako r\u00fdchlo \u013eadovce ako Thwaites ustupuj\u00fa z uzem\u0148ovacej \u010diary. A spr\u00e1vy nie s\u00fa dobr\u00e9. V roku 2014 dvaja vysoko re\u0161pektovan\u00ed \u013eadov\u00ed vedci, Eric Rignot z NASA a Ian Joughin z University of Washington, uverejnili samostatn\u00e9 dokumenty, ktor\u00e9 dospeli k rovnak\u00e9mu z\u00e1veru. Ako uviedol Joughin, \u201eNa\u0161e simul\u00e1cie poskytuj\u00fa presved\u010div\u00e9 d\u00f4kazy o tom, \u017ee proces destabiliz\u00e1cie morsk\u00fdch \u013eadov\u00fdch pl\u00e1tov u\u017e prebieha na \u013eadovci Thwaites.\u201c V rozhovore bol Rignot v\u00fdsti\u017enej\u0161\u00ed. V Z\u00e1padnej Antarkt\u00edde povedal: \u201eU\u017e sme vyhodili poistku.\u201c Alley str\u00e1vil ve\u013ea zo svojej vedeckej kari\u00e9ry prem\u00fd\u0161\u013ean\u00edm o dynamike \u013eadu &#8211; o tom, ako sa \u013ead pohybuje alebo sa nepohybuje, ke\u010f je tla\u010den\u00fd, vyv\u00edjan\u00fd pod tlakom alebo zohrievan\u00fd.<br \/>\n<br \/>\nTopenie Antaktidy s \u013eadov\u00e9 nebezpe\u010denstvo zo  Z\u00e1padnej Antarkt\u00eddy. \u013dadovec Thwaites.<br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"cento\" src=\"\/image\/ice-apocalypse.jpg\" alt=\"\u013dadovec Thwaites\" \/><br \/>\nKolaps \u013eadovej police Larsen B v roku 2002 ho prekvapil a ob\u00e1val sa, \u010diasto\u010dne preto, \u017ee sa to nielen\u017ee zlomilo, ke\u010f\u017ee sa Larsen C chyst\u00e1 urobi\u0165 &#8211; cel\u00e1 \u013eadov\u00e1 polica s rozlohou 1 250 \u0161tvorcov\u00fdch m\u00ed\u013e sa za nieko\u013eko t\u00fd\u017ed\u0148ov rozpadla, \u00eds\u0165 z peknej \u010distej stabilnej \u013eadovej police do mramoru \u013eadovcov v geologickom \u017emurknut\u00ed oka. &#8220;Nikto nikdy predt\u00fdm nevidel ni\u010d podobn\u00e9,&#8221; povedala mi Alley. &#8220;Ako sa uk\u00e1zalo, ve\u013ek\u00fd k\u00fasok \u013eadu sa top\u00ed pomerne pomaly &#8211; ale m\u00f4\u017ee sa zlomi\u0165 ve\u013emi, ve\u013emi r\u00fdchlo.&#8221;<br \/>\n<br \/>\nPo p\u00e1de Larsena B za\u010dal Alley viac prem\u00fd\u0161\u013ea\u0165 o Mercerovom proroctve na Z\u00e1padnom Antarkt\u00edde, najm\u00e4 ke\u010f sa t\u00fdkala \u013eadovca Thwaites.  Tlak oce\u00e1nu podporoval podvodn\u00fa \u010das\u0165 \u013eadovca, ale zvy\u0161ok tvoril len m\u00far, ktor\u00fd bol na chv\u00ed\u013eu podopret\u00fd \u013eadov\u00fdmi policami.  Predstavte si m\u00ed\u013eov\u00e9 \u00fatesy, ktor\u00e9 padaj\u00fa do mora. Je to neskuto\u010dn\u00fd n\u00e1zor, tak\u00fd, ktor\u00fd aj ten najkrvavej\u0161\u00ed scen\u00e1rista filmov o katastrof\u00e1ch pova\u017euje za nepravdepodobn\u00fd.  <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Topenie Antaktidy s \u013eadov\u00e9 nebezpe\u010denstvo zo Z\u00e1padnej Antarkt\u00eddy. \u013dadovec Thwaites. Zmena podnebia a cesta k \u201e\u013eadovcu doomsday\u201c. \u013dadovec Thwaites je jedn\u00fdm z najnebezpe\u010dnej\u0161\u00edch \u013eadovcov na svete a vedci t\u00fa\u017eia cestova\u0165 do Antarkt\u00eddy, aby ho pre\u0161tudovali. Vedci agent\u00fary NASA zverejnili v janu\u00e1ri \u0161t\u00fadiu, pod\u013ea ktorej obrovsk\u00e1 dutina, ktor\u00e1 m\u00e1 zhruba dve tretiny ve\u013ekosti Manhattanu, sa v [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-897","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-biohazard"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/897","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=897"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/897\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=897"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=897"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extraslovensko.sk\/spravy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=897"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}